build(deps): bump the dependencies group across 1 directory with 10 updates (#7803)

Bumps the dependencies group with 10 updates in the / directory: | Package | From | To | | --- | --- | --- | | [github.com/containerd/containerd/v2](https://github.com/containerd/containerd) | `2.1.1` | `2.1.3` | | [github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v4](https://github.com/dgraph-io/badger) | `4.7.0` | `4.8.0` | | [github.com/sergi/go-diff](https://github.com/sergi/go-diff) | `1.3.1` | `1.4.0` | | [github.com/spf13/pflag](https://github.com/spf13/pflag) | `1.0.6` | `1.0.7` | | [github.com/tchap/go-patricia/v2](https://github.com/tchap/go-patricia) | `2.3.2` | `2.3.3` | | [github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2](https://github.com/vektah/gqlparser) | `2.5.28` | `2.5.30` | | [golang.org/x/net](https://github.com/golang/net) | `0.41.0` | `0.42.0` | | [golang.org/x/time](https://github.com/golang/time) | `0.11.0` | `0.12.0` | | [google.golang.org/grpc](https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go) | `1.73.0` | `1.74.2` | | [sigs.k8s.io/yaml](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/yaml) | `1.4.0` | `1.6.0` | Updates `github.com/containerd/containerd/v2` from 2.1.1 to 2.1.3 - [Release notes](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/main/RELEASES.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/compare/v2.1.1...v2.1.3) Updates `github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v4` from 4.7.0 to 4.8.0 - [Release notes](https://github.com/dgraph-io/badger/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/hypermodeinc/badger/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/dgraph-io/badger/compare/v4.7.0...v4.8.0) Updates `github.com/sergi/go-diff` from 1.3.1 to 1.4.0 - [Commits](https://github.com/sergi/go-diff/compare/v1.3.1...v1.4.0) Updates `github.com/spf13/pflag` from 1.0.6 to 1.0.7 - [Release notes](https://github.com/spf13/pflag/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/spf13/pflag/compare/v1.0.6...v1.0.7) Updates `github.com/tchap/go-patricia/v2` from 2.3.2 to 2.3.3 - [Commits](https://github.com/tchap/go-patricia/compare/v2.3.2...v2.3.3) Updates `github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2` from 2.5.28 to 2.5.30 - [Release notes](https://github.com/vektah/gqlparser/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/vektah/gqlparser/compare/v2.5.28...v2.5.30) Updates `golang.org/x/net` from 0.41.0 to 0.42.0 - [Commits](https://github.com/golang/net/compare/v0.41.0...v0.42.0) Updates `golang.org/x/time` from 0.11.0 to 0.12.0 - [Commits](https://github.com/golang/time/compare/v0.11.0...v0.12.0) Updates `google.golang.org/grpc` from 1.73.0 to 1.74.2 - [Release notes](https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/compare/v1.73.0...v1.74.2) Updates `sigs.k8s.io/yaml` from 1.4.0 to 1.6.0 - [Release notes](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/yaml/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/yaml/blob/master/RELEASE.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/yaml/compare/v1.4.0...v1.6.0) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: github.com/containerd/containerd/v2 dependency-version: 2.1.3 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: dependencies - dependency-name: github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v4 dependency-version: 4.8.0 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor dependency-group: dependencies - dependency-name: github.com/sergi/go-diff dependency-version: 1.4.0 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor dependency-group: dependencies - dependency-name: github.com/spf13/pflag dependency-version: 1.0.7 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: dependencies - dependency-name: github.com/tchap/go-patricia/v2 dependency-version: 2.3.3 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: dependencies - dependency-name: github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2 dependency-version: 2.5.30 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: dependencies - dependency-name: golang.org/x/net dependency-version: 0.42.0 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor dependency-group: dependencies - dependency-name: golang.org/x/time dependency-version: 0.12.0 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor dependency-group: dependencies - dependency-name: google.golang.org/grpc dependency-version: 1.74.2 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor dependency-group: dependencies - dependency-name: sigs.k8s.io/yaml dependency-version: 1.6.0 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor dependency-group: dependencies ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-08-12 19:32:48 -06:00 · 2025-07-29 15:46:18 +02:00
parent 9a73de98f7
commit f5f00a9108
185 changed files with 19204 additions and 812 deletions
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ toolchain go1.24.3
 require (
 	github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime-go/v3 v3.0.2
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0
-	github.com/containerd/containerd/v2 v2.1.1
+	github.com/containerd/containerd/v2 v2.1.3
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0
-	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v4 v4.7.0
+	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v4 v4.8.0
 	github.com/fortytw2/leaktest v1.3.0
 	github.com/foxcpp/go-mockdns v1.1.0
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ require (
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.22.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2
 	github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics v0.0.0-20200313005456-10cdbea86bc0
-	github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.3.1
+	github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.4.0
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.7
 	github.com/spf13/viper v1.20.1
-	github.com/tchap/go-patricia/v2 v2.3.2
-	github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2 v2.5.28
+	github.com/tchap/go-patricia/v2 v2.3.3
+	github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2 v2.5.30
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415
 	github.com/yashtewari/glob-intersection v0.2.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.62.0
@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.37.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.37.0
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.41.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.11.0
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.73.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.42.0
+	golang.org/x/time v0.12.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.74.2
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.6
 	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 	oras.land/oras-go/v2 v2.6.0
-	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0
+	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0
 )

 require (
@@ -58,12 +58,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/platforms v1.0.0-rc.1 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/google/flatbuffers v25.2.10+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.1 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
@@ -92,11 +94,12 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.7.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.9.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.9.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.2 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.25.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.15.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.34.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.34.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250603155806-513f23925822 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250603155806-513f23925822 // indirect
 )
@@ -14,22 +14,24 @@ github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.2 h1:rIfFVxEf1QsI7E1ZHfp/B4DF/6QBAUhmgkxc0H7
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.2/go.mod h1:rkhZdG3JZukswDf7f0cwqPNk4K0sa+F97BxZthm/crw=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
-github.com/containerd/containerd/v2 v2.1.1 h1:znnkm7Ajz8lg8BcIPMhc/9yjBRN3B+OkNKqKisKfwwM=
-github.com/containerd/containerd/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:zIfkQj4RIodclYQkX7GSSswSwgP8d/XxDOtOAoSDIGU=
+github.com/containerd/containerd/v2 v2.1.3 h1:eMD2SLcIQPdMlnlNF6fatlrlRLAeDaiGPGwmRKLZKNs=
+github.com/containerd/containerd/v2 v2.1.3/go.mod h1:8C5QV9djwsYDNhxfTCFjWtTBZrqjditQ4/ghHSYjnHM=
 github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 h1:tg5yIfIlQIrxYtu9ajqY42W3lpS19XqdxRQeEwYG8PI=
 github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0/go.mod h1:+YBYIdtsnF4Iw6nWZhJcqGSg/dwvV7tyJ/kCkyJ2k+M=
 github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 h1:TCJt7ioM2cr/tfR8GPbGf9/VRAX8D2B4PjzCpfX540I=
 github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0/go.mod h1:VRRf09a7mHDIRezVKTRCrOq78v577GXq3bSa3EhrzVo=
 github.com/containerd/platforms v1.0.0-rc.1 h1:83KIq4yy1erSRgOVHNk1HYdPvzdJ5CnsWaRoJX4C41E=
 github.com/containerd/platforms v1.0.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:J71L7B+aiM5SdIEqmd9wp6THLVRzJGXfNuWCZCllLA4=
+github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.3 h1:yNA/94zxWdvYACdYO8zofhrTVuQY73fFU1y++dYSw40=
+github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.3/go.mod h1:95ljDnPfD3bAbDJRugOiShd/DlAAsxGtUBhJxIn7SCk=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6 h1:XJtiaUW6dEEqVuZiMTn1ldk455QWwEIsMIJlo5vtkx0=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6/go.mod h1:oOW0eioCTA6cOiMLiUPZOpcVxMig6NIQQ7OS05n1F4g=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v4 v4.7.0 h1:Q+J8HApYAY7UMpL8d9owqiB+odzEc0zn/aqOD9jhc6Y=
-github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v4 v4.7.0/go.mod h1:He7TzG3YBy3j4f5baj5B7Zl2XyfNe5bl4Udl0aPemVA=
+github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v4 v4.8.0 h1:JYph1ChBijCw8SLeybvPINizbDKWZ5n/GYbz2yhN/bs=
+github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v4 v4.8.0/go.mod h1:U6on6e8k/RTbUWxqKR0MvugJuVmkxSNc79ap4917h4w=
 github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto/v2 v2.2.0 h1:bkY3XzJcXoMuELV8F+vS8kzNgicwQFAaGINAEJdWGOM=
 github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:RZrm63UmcBAaYWC1DotLYBmTvgkrs0+XhBd7Npn7/zI=
 github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20240924180020-3414d57e47da h1:aIftn67I1fkbMa512G+w+Pxci9hJPB8oMnkcP3iZF38=
@@ -59,11 +61,12 @@ github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.3.0 h1:27XbWsHIqhbdR5TIC911OfYvgSaW93HM+d
 github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:oJDH3BJKyqBA2TXFhDsKDGDTlndYOZ6rGS0BRZIxGhM=
 github.com/gobwas/glob v0.2.3 h1:A4xDbljILXROh+kObIiy5kIaPYD8e96x1tgBhUI5J+Y=
 github.com/gobwas/glob v0.2.3/go.mod h1:d3Ez4x06l9bZtSvzIay5+Yzi0fmZzPgnTbPcKjJAkT8=
+github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 h1:Ov1cvc58UF3b5XjBnZv7+opcTcQFZebYjWzi34vdm4Q=
+github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2/go.mod h1:P1XiOD3dCwIKUDQYPy72D8LYyHL2YPYrpS2s69NZV8Q=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 h1:i7eJL8qZTpSEXOPTxNKhASYpMn+8e5Q6AdndVa1dWek=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4/go.mod h1:lnTiLA8Wa4RWRcIUkrtSVa5nRhsEGBg48fD6rSs7xps=
 github.com/google/flatbuffers v25.2.10+incompatible h1:F3vclr7C3HpB1k9mxCGRMXq6FdUalZ6H/pNX4FP1v0Q=
 github.com/google/flatbuffers v25.2.10+incompatible/go.mod h1:1AeVuKshWv4vARoZatz6mlQ0JxURH0Kv5+zNeJKJCa8=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 h1:wk8382ETsv4JYUZwIsn6YpYiWiBsYLSJiTsyBybVuN8=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pXiqmnSA92OHEEa9HXL2W4E7lf9JzCmGVUdgjX3N/iU=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
@@ -72,6 +75,8 @@ github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.1 h1:X5VWvz21y3gzm9Nw/kaUeku/1+u
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.1/go.mod h1:Zanoh4+gvIgluNqcfMVTJueD4wSS5hT7zTt4Mrutd90=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
+github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.5.0/go.mod h1:pFxgyoBC7bSaBwPgfKdkLd5X25qrDl4LWUI2bnpBCr8=
+github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+oQHNcck=
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 h1:c/Cqfb0r+Yi+JtIEq73FWXVkRonBlf0CRNYc8Zttxdo=
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0/go.mod h1:2Pp+KzxcywXVXMr50+X0Q/Lsb43OQHYWRCY2AiWywWQ=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0/go.mod h1:dAy3ld7l9f0ibDNOQOHHMYYIIbhfbHSm3C4ZsoJORNo=
@@ -128,8 +133,8 @@ github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 h1:JIOH55/0cWyOuilr9/qlrm0BSXldqnqwMsf
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
 github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.7.0 h1:5MqpDsTGNDhY8sGp0Aowyf0qKsPrhewaLSsFaodPcyo=
 github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.7.0/go.mod h1:2za3Cg5rMaTMoG/2Ulr9AwtFaIppKXTRYnozin4aB5k=
-github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.3.1 h1:xkr+Oxo4BOQKmkn/B9eMK0g5Kg/983T9DqqPHwYqD+8=
-github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.3.1/go.mod h1:aMJSSKb2lpPvRNec0+w3fl7LP9IOFzdc9Pa4NFbPK1I=
+github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.4.0 h1:n/SP9D5ad1fORl+llWyN+D6qoUETXNZARKjyY2/KVCw=
+github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.4.0/go.mod h1:A0bzQcvG0E7Rwjx0REVgAGH58e96+X0MeOfepqsbeW4=
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 h1:dueUQJ1C2q9oE3F7wvmSGAaVtTmUizReu6fjN8uqzbQ=
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3/go.mod h1:naHLuLoDiP4jHNo9R0sCBMtWGeIprob74mVsIT4qYEQ=
 github.com/sourcegraph/conc v0.3.0 h1:OQTbbt6P72L20UqAkXXuLOj79LfEanQ+YQFNpLA9ySo=
@@ -140,8 +145,9 @@ github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.1 h1:cuNEagBQEHWN1FnbGEjCXL2szYEXqfJPbP2HNUaca9Y=
 github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.1/go.mod h1:ancEpBxwJDODSW/UG4rDrAqiKolqNNh2DX3mk86cAdo=
 github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1 h1:CXSaggrXdbHK9CF+8ywj8Amf7PBRmPCOJugH954Nnlo=
 github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1/go.mod h1:nDyEzZ8ogv936Cinf6g1RU9MRY64Ir93oCnqb9wxYW0=
-github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6 h1:jFzHGLGAlb3ruxLB8MhbI6A8+AQX/2eW4qeyNZXNp2o=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6/go.mod h1:McXfInJRrz4CZXVZOBLb0bTZqETkiAhM9Iw0y3An2Bg=
+github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.7 h1:vN6T9TfwStFPFM5XzjsvmzZkLuaLX+HS+0SeFLRgU6M=
+github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.7/go.mod h1:McXfInJRrz4CZXVZOBLb0bTZqETkiAhM9Iw0y3An2Bg=
 github.com/spf13/viper v1.20.1 h1:ZMi+z/lvLyPSCoNtFCpqjy0S4kPbirhpTMwl8BkW9X4=
 github.com/spf13/viper v1.20.1/go.mod h1:P9Mdzt1zoHIG8m2eZQinpiBjo6kCmZSKBClNNqjJvu4=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
@@ -152,16 +158,18 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 h1:Xv5erBjTwe/5IxqUQTdXv5kgmIvbHo3QQyRwhJsOf
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.6.0 h1:9NlTDc1FTs4qu0DDq7AEtTPNw6SVm7uBMsUCUjABIf8=
 github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.6.0/go.mod h1:Dk4QP5c2W3ibzajGcXpNraDfq2IrhjMIvMSWPKKo0FU=
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@@ -193,18 +201,29 @@ go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
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@@ -212,17 +231,21 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.10.0/go.mod h1:0qNGK6F8kojg2nk9dLZ2mShWaEBan6FAoqfSigmmuDg=
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-golang.org/x/net v0.41.0 h1:vBTly1HeNPEn3wtREYfy4GZ/NECgw2Cnl+nK6Nz3uvw=
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@@ -234,8 +257,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
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-golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 h1:q3i8TbbEz+JRD9ywIRlyRAQbM0qF7hu24q3teo2hbuw=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
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@@ -250,25 +273,30 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
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-golang.org/x/text v0.26.0 h1:P42AVeLghgTYr4+xUnTRKDMqpar+PtX7KWuNQL21L8M=
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-golang.org/x/time v0.11.0/go.mod h1:CDIdPxbZBQxdj6cxyCIdrNogrJKMJ7pr37NYpMcMDSg=
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-google.golang.org/grpc v1.73.0 h1:VIWSmpI2MegBtTuFt5/JWy2oXxtjJ/e89Z70ImfD2ok=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.73.0/go.mod h1:50sbHOUqWoCQGI8V2HQLJM0B+LMlIUjNSZmow7EVBQc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.74.2 h1:WoosgB65DlWVC9FqI82dGsZhWFNBSLjQ84bjROOpMu4=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.74.2/go.mod h1:CtQ+BGjaAIXHs/5YS3i473GqwBBa1zGQNevxdeBEXrM=
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@@ -282,5 +310,5 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
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-sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0 h1:Mk1wCc2gy/F0THH0TAp1QYyJNzRm2KCLy3o5ASXVI5E=
-sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0/go.mod h1:Ejl7/uTz7PSA4eKMyQCUTnhZYNmLIl+5c2lQPGR2BPY=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0 h1:G8fkbMSAFqgEFgh4b1wmtzDnioxFCUgTZhlbj5P9QYs=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0/go.mod h1:796bPqUfzR/0jLAl6XjHl3Ck7MiyVv8dbTdyT3/pMf4=
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ func Copy(ctx context.Context, cw Writer, or io.Reader, size int64, expected dig
 		}
 		if size != 0 && copied < size-ws.Offset {
 			// Short writes would return its own error, this indicates a read failure
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to read expected number of bytes: %w", io.ErrUnexpectedEOF)
+			return fmt.Errorf("short read: expected %d bytes but got %d: %w", size-ws.Offset, copied, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF)
 		}
 		if err := cw.Commit(ctx, size, expected, opts...); err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, ErrReset) {
@@ -18,8 +18,12 @@ package docker

 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
 	"strings"
+
+	remoteerrors "github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/remotes/errors"
 )

 // ErrorCoder is the base interface for ErrorCode and Error allowing
@@ -281,3 +285,21 @@ func (errs *Errors) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	*errs = newErrs
 	return nil
 }
+
+func unexpectedResponseErr(resp *http.Response) (retErr error) {
+	retErr = remoteerrors.NewUnexpectedStatusErr(resp)
+
+	// Decode registry error if provided
+	if rerr := retErr.(remoteerrors.ErrUnexpectedStatus); len(rerr.Body) > 0 {
+		var registryErr Errors
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(rerr.Body, &registryErr); err == nil && registryErr.Len() > 0 {
+			// Join the unexpected error with the typed errors, when printed it will
+			// show the unexpected error message and the registry errors. The body
+			// is always excluded from the unexpected error message. This also allows
+			// clients to decode into either type.
+			retErr = errors.Join(rerr, registryErr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return
+}
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ func (r dockerFetcher) open(ctx context.Context, req *request, mediatype string,

 	chunkSize := int64(r.performances.ConcurrentLayerFetchBuffer)
 	parallelism := int64(r.performances.MaxConcurrentDownloads)
-	if chunkSize < minChunkSize {
+	if chunkSize < minChunkSize || req.body != nil {
 		parallelism = 1
 	}
 	log.G(ctx).WithField("initial_parallelism", r.performances.MaxConcurrentDownloads).
@@ -452,7 +452,9 @@ func (r dockerFetcher) open(ctx context.Context, req *request, mediatype string,
 		Debug("fetching layer")
 	req.setMediaType(mediatype)
 	req.header.Set("Accept-Encoding", "zstd;q=1.0, gzip;q=0.8, deflate;q=0.5")
-	req.setOffset(offset)
+	if parallelism > 1 || offset > 0 {
+		req.setOffset(offset)
+	}

 	if err := r.Acquire(ctx, 1); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -478,7 +480,11 @@ func (r dockerFetcher) open(ctx context.Context, req *request, mediatype string,
 	})

 	remaining, _ := strconv.ParseInt(resp.Header.Get("Content-Length"), 10, 0)
-	if parallelism > 1 && req.body == nil {
+	if remaining <= chunkSize {
+		parallelism = 1
+	}
+
+	if parallelism > 1 {
 		// If we have a content length, we can use multiple requests to fetch
 		// the content in parallel. This will make download of bigger bodies
 		// faster, at the cost of parallelism more requests and max
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/content"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/images"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/remotes"
-	remoteserrors "github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/remotes/errors"
 )

 type dockerPusher struct {
@@ -149,8 +148,8 @@ func (p dockerPusher) push(ctx context.Context, desc ocispec.Descriptor, ref str
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("content %v on remote: %w", desc.Digest, errdefs.ErrAlreadyExists)
 			}
 		} else if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusNotFound {
-			err := remoteserrors.NewUnexpectedStatusErr(resp)
-			log.G(ctx).WithField("resp", resp).WithField("body", string(err.(remoteserrors.ErrUnexpectedStatus).Body)).Debug("unexpected response")
+			err := unexpectedResponseErr(resp)
+			log.G(ctx).WithError(err).Debug("unexpected response")
 			resp.Body.Close()
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -224,8 +223,8 @@ func (p dockerPusher) push(ctx context.Context, desc ocispec.Descriptor, ref str
 			})
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("content %v on remote: %w", desc.Digest, errdefs.ErrAlreadyExists)
 		default:
-			err := remoteserrors.NewUnexpectedStatusErr(resp)
-			log.G(ctx).WithField("resp", resp).WithField("body", string(err.(remoteserrors.ErrUnexpectedStatus).Body)).Debug("unexpected response")
+			err := unexpectedResponseErr(resp)
+			log.G(ctx).WithError(err).Debug("unexpected response")
 			return nil, err
 		}

@@ -299,8 +298,8 @@ func (p dockerPusher) push(ctx context.Context, desc ocispec.Descriptor, ref str
 		switch resp.StatusCode {
 		case http.StatusOK, http.StatusCreated, http.StatusNoContent:
 		default:
-			err := remoteserrors.NewUnexpectedStatusErr(resp)
-			log.G(ctx).WithField("resp", resp).WithField("body", string(err.(remoteserrors.ErrUnexpectedStatus).Body)).Debug("unexpected response")
+			err := unexpectedResponseErr(resp)
+			log.G(ctx).WithError(err).Debug("unexpected response")
 			pushw.setError(err)
 			return
 		}
@@ -513,7 +512,7 @@ func (pw *pushWriter) Commit(ctx context.Context, size int64, expected digest.Di
 	switch resp.StatusCode {
 	case http.StatusOK, http.StatusCreated, http.StatusNoContent, http.StatusAccepted:
 	default:
-		return remoteserrors.NewUnexpectedStatusErr(resp)
+		return unexpectedResponseErr(resp)
 	}

 	status, err := pw.tracker.GetStatus(pw.ref)
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package docker
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -39,7 +38,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/images"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/remotes"
-	remoteerrors "github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/remotes/errors"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/transfer"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/pkg/reference"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/pkg/tracing"
@@ -332,13 +330,13 @@ func (r *dockerResolver) Resolve(ctx context.Context, ref string) (string, ocisp
 				}
 				if resp.StatusCode > 399 {
 					if firstErrPriority < 3 {
-						firstErr = remoteerrors.NewUnexpectedStatusErr(resp)
+						firstErr = unexpectedResponseErr(resp)
 						firstErrPriority = 3
 					}
 					log.G(ctx).Infof("%s after status: %s", nextHostOrFail(i), resp.Status)
 					continue // try another host
 				}
-				return "", ocispec.Descriptor{}, remoteerrors.NewUnexpectedStatusErr(resp)
+				return "", ocispec.Descriptor{}, unexpectedResponseErr(resp)
 			}
 			size := resp.ContentLength
 			contentType := getManifestMediaType(resp)
@@ -653,11 +651,8 @@ func withErrorCheck(r *request, resp *http.Response) error {
 		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
 			return fmt.Errorf("content at %v not found: %w", r.String(), errdefs.ErrNotFound)
 		}
-		var registryErr Errors
-		if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&registryErr); err != nil || registryErr.Len() < 1 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected status code %v: %v", r.String(), resp.Status)
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected status code %v: %s - Server message: %s", r.String(), resp.Status, registryErr.Error())
+
+		return unexpectedResponseErr(resp)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -20,16 +20,23 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2"
 )

 var _ error = ErrUnexpectedStatus{}

+func init() {
+	typeurl.Register(&ErrUnexpectedStatus{}, "github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/remotes/errors", "ErrUnexpectedStatus")
+}
+
 // ErrUnexpectedStatus is returned if a registry API request returned with unexpected HTTP status
 type ErrUnexpectedStatus struct {
-	Status                    string
-	StatusCode                int
-	Body                      []byte
-	RequestURL, RequestMethod string
+	Status        string `json:"status"`
+	StatusCode    int    `json:"statusCode"`
+	Body          []byte `json:"body,omitempty"`
+	RequestURL    string `json:"requestURL,omitempty"`
+	RequestMethod string `json:"requestMethod,omitempty"`
 }

 func (e ErrUnexpectedStatus) Error() string {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ var (
 	Package = "github.com/containerd/containerd/v2"

 	// Version holds the complete version number. Filled in at linking time.
-	Version = "2.1.1+unknown"
+	Version = "2.1.3+unknown"

 	// Revision is filled with the VCS (e.g. git) revision being used to build
 	// the program at linking time.
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+*.test
+coverage.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   Copyright The containerd Authors
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# typeurl
+
+[![PkgGoDev](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/containerd/typeurl)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/containerd/typeurl)
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/containerd/typeurl/workflows/CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/containerd/typeurl/actions?query=workflow%3ACI)
+[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/containerd/typeurl/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/containerd/typeurl)
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/containerd/typeurl)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/containerd/typeurl)
+
+A Go package for managing the registration, marshaling, and unmarshaling of encoded types.
+
+This package helps when types are sent over a ttrpc/GRPC API and marshaled as a protobuf [Any](https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/protobuf@v1.27.1/types/known/anypb#Any)
+
+## Project details
+
+**typeurl** is a containerd sub-project, licensed under the [Apache 2.0 license](./LICENSE).
+As a containerd sub-project, you will find the:
+ * [Project governance](https://github.com/containerd/project/blob/main/GOVERNANCE.md),
+ * [Maintainers](https://github.com/containerd/project/blob/main/MAINTAINERS),
+ * and [Contributing guidelines](https://github.com/containerd/project/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+
+information in our [`containerd/project`](https://github.com/containerd/project) repository.
+
+## Optional
+
+By default, support for gogoproto is available along side the standard Google
+protobuf types.
+You can choose to leave gogo support out by using the `!no_gogo` build tag.
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+   Copyright The containerd Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package typeurl
+
+// Package typeurl assists with managing the registration, marshaling, and
+// unmarshaling of types encoded as protobuf.Any.
+//
+// A protobuf.Any is a proto message that can contain any arbitrary data. It
+// consists of two components, a TypeUrl and a Value, and its proto definition
+// looks like this:
+//
+//   message Any {
+//     string type_url = 1;
+//     bytes value = 2;
+//   }
+//
+// The TypeUrl is used to distinguish the contents from other proto.Any
+// messages. This typeurl library manages these URLs to enable automagic
+// marshaling and unmarshaling of the contents.
+//
+// For example, consider this go struct:
+//
+//   type Foo struct {
+//     Field1 string
+//     Field2 string
+//   }
+//
+// To use typeurl, types must first be registered. This is typically done in
+// the init function
+//
+//   func init() {
+//      typeurl.Register(&Foo{}, "Foo")
+//   }
+//
+// This will register the type Foo with the url path "Foo". The arguments to
+// Register are variadic, and are used to construct a url path. Consider this
+// example, from the github.com/containerd/containerd/client package:
+//
+//   func init() {
+//     const prefix = "types.containerd.io"
+//     // register TypeUrls for commonly marshaled external types
+//     major := strconv.Itoa(specs.VersionMajor)
+//     typeurl.Register(&specs.Spec{}, prefix, "opencontainers/runtime-spec", major, "Spec")
+//     // this function has more Register calls, which are elided.
+//   }
+//
+// This registers several types under a more complex url, which ends up mapping
+// to `types.containerd.io/opencontainers/runtime-spec/1/Spec` (or some other
+// value for major).
+//
+// Once a type is registered, it can be marshaled to a proto.Any message simply
+// by calling `MarshalAny`, like this:
+//
+//   foo := &Foo{Field1: "value1", Field2: "value2"}
+//   anyFoo, err := typeurl.MarshalAny(foo)
+//
+// MarshalAny will resolve the correct URL for the type. If the type in
+// question implements the proto.Message interface, then it will be marshaled
+// as a proto message. Otherwise, it will be marshaled as json. This means that
+// typeurl will work on any arbitrary data, whether or not it has a proto
+// definition, as long as it can be serialized to json.
+//
+// To unmarshal, the process is simply inverse:
+//
+//   iface, err := typeurl.UnmarshalAny(anyFoo)
+//   foo := iface.(*Foo)
+//
+// The correct type is automatically chosen from the type registry, and the
+// returned interface can be cast straight to that type.
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+/*
+   Copyright The containerd Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package typeurl
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync"
+
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoregistry"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/anypb"
+)
+
+var (
+	mu       sync.RWMutex
+	registry = make(map[reflect.Type]string)
+	handlers []handler
+)
+
+type handler interface {
+	Marshaller(interface{}) func() ([]byte, error)
+	Unmarshaller(interface{}) func([]byte) error
+	TypeURL(interface{}) string
+	GetType(url string) (reflect.Type, bool)
+}
+
+// Definitions of common error types used throughout typeurl.
+//
+// These error types are used with errors.Wrap and errors.Wrapf to add context
+// to an error.
+//
+// To detect an error class, use errors.Is() functions to tell whether an
+// error is of this type.
+
+var (
+	ErrNotFound = errors.New("not found")
+)
+
+// Any contains an arbitrary protcol buffer message along with its type.
+//
+// While there is google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/anypb.Any,
+// we'd like to have our own to hide the underlying protocol buffer
+// implementations from containerd clients.
+//
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto3#any
+type Any interface {
+	// GetTypeUrl returns a URL/resource name that uniquely identifies
+	// the type of the serialized protocol buffer message.
+	GetTypeUrl() string
+
+	// GetValue returns a valid serialized protocol buffer of the type that
+	// GetTypeUrl() indicates.
+	GetValue() []byte
+}
+
+type anyType struct {
+	typeURL string
+	value   []byte
+}
+
+func (a *anyType) GetTypeUrl() string {
+	if a == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return a.typeURL
+}
+
+func (a *anyType) GetValue() []byte {
+	if a == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return a.value
+}
+
+// Register a type with a base URL for JSON marshaling. When the MarshalAny and
+// UnmarshalAny functions are called they will treat the Any type value as JSON.
+// To use protocol buffers for handling the Any value the proto.Register
+// function should be used instead of this function.
+func Register(v interface{}, args ...string) {
+	var (
+		t = tryDereference(v)
+		p = path.Join(args...)
+	)
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	if et, ok := registry[t]; ok {
+		if et != p {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("type registered with alternate path %q != %q", et, p))
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	registry[t] = p
+}
+
+// TypeURL returns the type url for a registered type.
+func TypeURL(v interface{}) (string, error) {
+	mu.RLock()
+	u, ok := registry[tryDereference(v)]
+	mu.RUnlock()
+	if !ok {
+		switch t := v.(type) {
+		case proto.Message:
+			return string(t.ProtoReflect().Descriptor().FullName()), nil
+		default:
+			for _, h := range handlers {
+				if u := h.TypeURL(v); u != "" {
+					return u, nil
+				}
+			}
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("type %s: %w", reflect.TypeOf(v), ErrNotFound)
+		}
+	}
+	return u, nil
+}
+
+// Is returns true if the type of the Any is the same as v.
+func Is(any Any, v interface{}) bool {
+	if any == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	// call to check that v is a pointer
+	tryDereference(v)
+	url, err := TypeURL(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return any.GetTypeUrl() == url
+}
+
+// MarshalAny marshals the value v into an any with the correct TypeUrl.
+// If the provided object is already a proto.Any message, then it will be
+// returned verbatim. If it is of type proto.Message, it will be marshaled as a
+// protocol buffer. Otherwise, the object will be marshaled to json.
+func MarshalAny(v interface{}) (Any, error) {
+	var marshal func(v interface{}) ([]byte, error)
+	switch t := v.(type) {
+	case Any:
+		// avoid reserializing the type if we have an any.
+		return t, nil
+	case proto.Message:
+		marshal = func(v interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+			return proto.Marshal(t)
+		}
+	default:
+		for _, h := range handlers {
+			if m := h.Marshaller(v); m != nil {
+				marshal = func(v interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+					return m()
+				}
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if marshal == nil {
+			marshal = json.Marshal
+		}
+	}
+
+	url, err := TypeURL(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	data, err := marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &anyType{
+		typeURL: url,
+		value:   data,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// UnmarshalAny unmarshals the any type into a concrete type.
+func UnmarshalAny(any Any) (interface{}, error) {
+	return UnmarshalByTypeURL(any.GetTypeUrl(), any.GetValue())
+}
+
+// UnmarshalByTypeURL unmarshals the given type and value to into a concrete type.
+func UnmarshalByTypeURL(typeURL string, value []byte) (interface{}, error) {
+	return unmarshal(typeURL, value, nil)
+}
+
+// UnmarshalTo unmarshals the any type into a concrete type passed in the out
+// argument. It is identical to UnmarshalAny, but lets clients provide a
+// destination type through the out argument.
+func UnmarshalTo(any Any, out interface{}) error {
+	return UnmarshalToByTypeURL(any.GetTypeUrl(), any.GetValue(), out)
+}
+
+// UnmarshalToByTypeURL unmarshals the given type and value into a concrete type passed
+// in the out argument. It is identical to UnmarshalByTypeURL, but lets clients
+// provide a destination type through the out argument.
+func UnmarshalToByTypeURL(typeURL string, value []byte, out interface{}) error {
+	_, err := unmarshal(typeURL, value, out)
+	return err
+}
+
+// MarshalProto converts typeurl.Any to google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/anypb.Any.
+func MarshalProto(from Any) *anypb.Any {
+	if from == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if pbany, ok := from.(*anypb.Any); ok {
+		return pbany
+	}
+
+	return &anypb.Any{
+		TypeUrl: from.GetTypeUrl(),
+		Value:   from.GetValue(),
+	}
+}
+
+// MarshalAnyToProto converts an arbitrary interface to google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/anypb.Any.
+func MarshalAnyToProto(from interface{}) (*anypb.Any, error) {
+	anyType, err := MarshalAny(from)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return MarshalProto(anyType), nil
+}
+
+func unmarshal(typeURL string, value []byte, v interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	t, isProto, err := getTypeByUrl(typeURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if v == nil {
+		v = reflect.New(t).Interface()
+	} else {
+		// Validate interface type provided by client
+		vURL, err := TypeURL(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if typeURL != vURL {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't unmarshal type %q to output %q", typeURL, vURL)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if isProto {
+		pm, ok := v.(proto.Message)
+		if ok {
+			return v, proto.Unmarshal(value, pm)
+		}
+
+		for _, h := range handlers {
+			if unmarshal := h.Unmarshaller(v); unmarshal != nil {
+				return v, unmarshal(value)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// fallback to json unmarshaller
+	return v, json.Unmarshal(value, v)
+}
+
+func getTypeByUrl(url string) (_ reflect.Type, isProto bool, _ error) {
+	mu.RLock()
+	for t, u := range registry {
+		if u == url {
+			mu.RUnlock()
+			return t, false, nil
+		}
+	}
+	mu.RUnlock()
+	mt, err := protoregistry.GlobalTypes.FindMessageByURL(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, protoregistry.NotFound) {
+			for _, h := range handlers {
+				if t, isProto := h.GetType(url); t != nil {
+					return t, isProto, nil
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("type with url %s: %w", url, ErrNotFound)
+	}
+	empty := mt.New().Interface()
+	return reflect.TypeOf(empty).Elem(), true, nil
+}
+
+func tryDereference(v interface{}) reflect.Type {
+	t := reflect.TypeOf(v)
+	if t.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		// require check of pointer but dereference to register
+		return t.Elem()
+	}
+	panic("v is not a pointer to a type")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+//go:build !no_gogo
+
+/*
+   Copyright The containerd Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package typeurl
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+
+	gogoproto "github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	handlers = append(handlers, gogoHandler{})
+}
+
+type gogoHandler struct{}
+
+func (gogoHandler) Marshaller(v interface{}) func() ([]byte, error) {
+	pm, ok := v.(gogoproto.Message)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return func() ([]byte, error) {
+		return gogoproto.Marshal(pm)
+	}
+}
+
+func (gogoHandler) Unmarshaller(v interface{}) func([]byte) error {
+	pm, ok := v.(gogoproto.Message)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return func(dt []byte) error {
+		return gogoproto.Unmarshal(dt, pm)
+	}
+}
+
+func (gogoHandler) TypeURL(v interface{}) string {
+	pm, ok := v.(gogoproto.Message)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return gogoproto.MessageName(pm)
+}
+
+func (gogoHandler) GetType(url string) (reflect.Type, bool) {
+	t := gogoproto.MessageType(url)
+	if t == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return t.Elem(), true
+}
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@

 USER_ID      = $(shell id -u)
 HAS_JEMALLOC = $(shell test -f /usr/local/lib/libjemalloc.a && echo "jemalloc")
-JEMALLOC_URL = "https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc/releases/download/5.2.1/jemalloc-5.2.1.tar.bz2"
+JEMALLOC_URL = "https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc/releases/download/5.3.0/jemalloc-5.3.0.tar.bz2"


 .PHONY: all badger test jemalloc dependency
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jemalloc:
 		echo "Downloading jemalloc..." ; \
 		curl -s -L ${JEMALLOC_URL} -o jemalloc.tar.bz2 ; \
 		tar xjf ./jemalloc.tar.bz2 ; \
-		cd jemalloc-5.2.1 ; \
+		cd jemalloc-5.3.0 ; \
 		./configure --with-jemalloc-prefix='je_' --with-malloc-conf='background_thread:true,metadata_thp:auto'; \
 		make ; \
 		if [ "$(USER_ID)" -eq "0" ]; then \
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 [![Sourcegraph](https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/hypermodeinc/badger/-/badge.svg)](https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/hypermodeinc/badger?badge)
 [![ci-badger-tests](https://github.com/hypermodeinc/badger/actions/workflows/ci-badger-tests.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/hypermodeinc/badger/actions/workflows/ci-badger-tests.yml)
 [![ci-badger-bank-tests](https://github.com/hypermodeinc/badger/actions/workflows/ci-badger-bank-tests.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/hypermodeinc/badger/actions/workflows/ci-badger-bank-tests.yml)
+[![ci-badger-bank-tests-nightly](https://github.com/hypermodeinc/badger/actions/workflows/ci-badger-bank-tests-nightly.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/hypermodeinc/badger/actions/workflows/ci-badger-bank-tests-nightly.yml)

 ![Badger mascot](images/diggy-shadow.png)

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ func (s *levelsController) dropTree() (int, error) {
 		}
 	}
 	changeSet := pb.ManifestChangeSet{Changes: changes}
-	if err := s.kv.manifest.addChanges(changeSet.Changes); err != nil {
+	if err := s.kv.manifest.addChanges(changeSet.Changes, s.kv.opt); err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}

@@ -1437,7 +1437,7 @@ func (s *levelsController) runCompactDef(id, l int, cd compactDef) (err error) {
 	changeSet := buildChangeSet(&cd, newTables)

 	// We write to the manifest _before_ we delete files (and after we created files)
-	if err := s.kv.manifest.addChanges(changeSet.Changes); err != nil {
+	if err := s.kv.manifest.addChanges(changeSet.Changes, s.kv.opt); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

@@ -1566,7 +1566,7 @@ func (s *levelsController) addLevel0Table(t *table.Table) error {
 		// deletes the table.)
 		err := s.kv.manifest.addChanges([]*pb.ManifestChange{
 			newCreateChange(t.ID(), 0, t.KeyID(), t.CompressionType()),
-		})
+		}, s.kv.opt)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ func (m *Manifest) asChanges() []*pb.ManifestChange {
 	return changes
 }

-func (m *Manifest) clone() Manifest {
+func (m *Manifest) clone(opt Options) Manifest {
 	changeSet := pb.ManifestChangeSet{Changes: m.asChanges()}
 	ret := createManifest()
-	y.Check(applyChangeSet(&ret, &changeSet))
+	y.Check(applyChangeSet(&ret, &changeSet, opt))
 	return ret
 }

@@ -120,11 +120,11 @@ func openOrCreateManifestFile(opt Options) (
 		return &manifestFile{inMemory: true}, Manifest{}, nil
 	}
 	return helpOpenOrCreateManifestFile(opt.Dir, opt.ReadOnly, opt.ExternalMagicVersion,
-		manifestDeletionsRewriteThreshold)
+		manifestDeletionsRewriteThreshold, opt)
 }

 func helpOpenOrCreateManifestFile(dir string, readOnly bool, extMagic uint16,
-	deletionsThreshold int) (*manifestFile, Manifest, error) {
+	deletionsThreshold int, opt Options) (*manifestFile, Manifest, error) {

 	path := filepath.Join(dir, ManifestFilename)
 	var flags y.Flags
@@ -149,13 +149,13 @@ func helpOpenOrCreateManifestFile(dir string, readOnly bool, extMagic uint16,
 			fp:                        fp,
 			directory:                 dir,
 			externalMagic:             extMagic,
-			manifest:                  m.clone(),
+			manifest:                  m.clone(opt),
 			deletionsRewriteThreshold: deletionsThreshold,
 		}
 		return mf, m, nil
 	}

-	manifest, truncOffset, err := ReplayManifestFile(fp, extMagic)
+	manifest, truncOffset, err := ReplayManifestFile(fp, extMagic, opt)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = fp.Close()
 		return nil, Manifest{}, err
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ func helpOpenOrCreateManifestFile(dir string, readOnly bool, extMagic uint16,
 		fp:                        fp,
 		directory:                 dir,
 		externalMagic:             extMagic,
-		manifest:                  manifest.clone(),
+		manifest:                  manifest.clone(opt),
 		deletionsRewriteThreshold: deletionsThreshold,
 	}
 	return mf, manifest, nil
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ func (mf *manifestFile) close() error {
 // we replay the MANIFEST file, we'll either replay all the changes or none of them.  (The truth of
 // this depends on the filesystem -- some might append garbage data if a system crash happens at
 // the wrong time.)
-func (mf *manifestFile) addChanges(changesParam []*pb.ManifestChange) error {
+func (mf *manifestFile) addChanges(changesParam []*pb.ManifestChange, opt Options) error {
 	if mf.inMemory {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ func (mf *manifestFile) addChanges(changesParam []*pb.ManifestChange) error {
 	// Maybe we could use O_APPEND instead (on certain file systems)
 	mf.appendLock.Lock()
 	defer mf.appendLock.Unlock()
-	if err := applyChangeSet(&mf.manifest, &changes); err != nil {
+	if err := applyChangeSet(&mf.manifest, &changes, opt); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	// Rewrite manifest if it'd shrink by 1/10 and it's big enough to care
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ var (
 // Also, returns the last offset after a completely read manifest entry -- the file must be
 // truncated at that point before further appends are made (if there is a partial entry after
 // that).  In normal conditions, truncOffset is the file size.
-func ReplayManifestFile(fp *os.File, extMagic uint16) (Manifest, int64, error) {
+func ReplayManifestFile(fp *os.File, extMagic uint16, opt Options) (Manifest, int64, error) {
 	r := countingReader{wrapped: bufio.NewReader(fp)}

 	var magicBuf [8]byte
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ func ReplayManifestFile(fp *os.File, extMagic uint16) (Manifest, int64, error) {
 			return Manifest{}, 0, err
 		}

-		if err := applyChangeSet(&build, &changeSet); err != nil {
+		if err := applyChangeSet(&build, &changeSet, opt); err != nil {
 			return Manifest{}, 0, err
 		}
 	}
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ func ReplayManifestFile(fp *os.File, extMagic uint16) (Manifest, int64, error) {
 	return build, offset, nil
 }

-func applyManifestChange(build *Manifest, tc *pb.ManifestChange) error {
+func applyManifestChange(build *Manifest, tc *pb.ManifestChange, opt Options) error {
 	switch tc.Op {
 	case pb.ManifestChange_CREATE:
 		if _, ok := build.Tables[tc.Id]; ok {
@@ -445,10 +445,14 @@ func applyManifestChange(build *Manifest, tc *pb.ManifestChange) error {
 	case pb.ManifestChange_DELETE:
 		tm, ok := build.Tables[tc.Id]
 		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("MANIFEST removes non-existing table %d", tc.Id)
+			opt.Warningf("MANIFEST delete: table %d has already been removed", tc.Id)
+			for _, level := range build.Levels {
+				delete(level.Tables, tc.Id)
+			}
+		} else {
+			delete(build.Levels[tm.Level].Tables, tc.Id)
+			delete(build.Tables, tc.Id)
 		}
-		delete(build.Levels[tm.Level].Tables, tc.Id)
-		delete(build.Tables, tc.Id)
 		build.Deletions++
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("MANIFEST file has invalid manifestChange op")
@@ -458,9 +462,9 @@ func applyManifestChange(build *Manifest, tc *pb.ManifestChange) error {

 // This is not a "recoverable" error -- opening the KV store fails because the MANIFEST file is
 // just plain broken.
-func applyChangeSet(build *Manifest, changeSet *pb.ManifestChangeSet) error {
+func applyChangeSet(build *Manifest, changeSet *pb.ManifestChangeSet, opt Options) error {
 	for _, change := range changeSet.Changes {
-		if err := applyManifestChange(build, change); err != nil {
+		if err := applyManifestChange(build, change, opt); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -75,6 +75,14 @@ type Stream struct {
 	//
 	// Note: Calls to KeyToList are concurrent.
 	KeyToList func(key []byte, itr *Iterator) (*pb.KVList, error)
+	// UseKeyToListWithThreadId is used to indicate that KeyToListWithThreadId should be used
+	// instead of KeyToList. This is a new api that can be used to figure out parallelism
+	// of the stream. Each threadId would be run serially. KeyToList being concurrent makes you
+	// take care of concurrency in KeyToList. Here threadId could be used to do some things serially.
+	// Once a thread finishes FinishThread() would be called.
+	UseKeyToListWithThreadId bool
+	KeyToListWithThreadId    func(key []byte, itr *Iterator, threadId int) (*pb.KVList, error)
+	FinishThread             func(threadId int) (*pb.KVList, error)

 	// This is the method where Stream sends the final output. All calls to Send are done by a
 	// single goroutine, i.e. logic within Send method can expect single threaded execution.
@@ -143,7 +151,7 @@ func (st *Stream) ToList(key []byte, itr *Iterator) (*pb.KVList, error) {
 // keyRange is [start, end), including start, excluding end. Do ensure that the start,
 // end byte slices are owned by keyRange struct.
 func (st *Stream) produceRanges(ctx context.Context) {
-	ranges := st.db.Ranges(st.Prefix, 16)
+	ranges := st.db.Ranges(st.Prefix, st.NumGo)
 	y.AssertTrue(len(ranges) > 0)
 	y.AssertTrue(ranges[0].left == nil)
 	y.AssertTrue(ranges[len(ranges)-1].right == nil)
@@ -186,7 +194,7 @@ func (st *Stream) produceKVs(ctx context.Context, threadId int) error {
 		iterOpts := DefaultIteratorOptions
 		iterOpts.AllVersions = true
 		iterOpts.Prefix = st.Prefix
-		iterOpts.PrefetchValues = false
+		iterOpts.PrefetchValues = true
 		iterOpts.SinceTs = st.SinceTs
 		itr := txn.NewIterator(iterOpts)
 		itr.ThreadId = threadId
@@ -233,7 +241,13 @@ func (st *Stream) produceKVs(ctx context.Context, threadId int) error {

 			// Now convert to key value.
 			itr.Alloc.Reset()
-			list, err := st.KeyToList(item.KeyCopy(nil), itr)
+			var list *pb.KVList
+			var err error
+			if st.UseKeyToListWithThreadId {
+				list, err = st.KeyToListWithThreadId(item.KeyCopy(nil), itr, threadId)
+			} else {
+				list, err = st.KeyToList(item.KeyCopy(nil), itr)
+			}
 			if err != nil {
 				st.db.opt.Warningf("While reading key: %x, got error: %v", item.Key(), err)
 				continue
@@ -252,6 +266,23 @@ func (st *Stream) produceKVs(ctx context.Context, threadId int) error {
 				}
 			}
 		}
+
+		if st.UseKeyToListWithThreadId {
+			if kvs, err := st.FinishThread(threadId); err != nil {
+				return err
+			} else {
+				for _, kv := range kvs.Kv {
+					kv.StreamId = streamId
+					KVToBuffer(kv, outList)
+					if outList.LenNoPadding() < batchSize {
+						continue
+					}
+					if err := sendIt(); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		// Mark the stream as done.
 		if st.doneMarkers {
 			kv := &pb.KV{
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"

-	humanize "github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
+	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"

 	"github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v4/pb"
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ func (w *sortedWriter) createTable(builder *table.Builder) error {
 		Level:       uint32(lhandler.level),
 		Compression: uint32(tbl.CompressionType()),
 	}
-	if err := w.db.manifest.addChanges([]*pb.ManifestChange{change}); err != nil {
+	if err := w.db.manifest.addChanges([]*pb.ManifestChange{change}, w.db.opt); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# This is the official list of GoGo authors for copyright purposes.
+# This file is distinct from the CONTRIBUTORS file, which
+# lists people.  For example, employees are listed in CONTRIBUTORS,
+# but not in AUTHORS, because the employer holds the copyright.
+
+# Names should be added to this file as one of
+#     Organization's name
+#     Individual's name <submission email address>
+#     Individual's name <submission email address> <email2> <emailN>
+
+# Please keep the list sorted.
+
+Sendgrid, Inc
+Vastech SA (PTY) LTD
+Walter Schulze <awalterschulze@gmail.com>
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Anton Povarov <anton.povarov@gmail.com>
+Brian Goff <cpuguy83@gmail.com>
+Clayton Coleman <ccoleman@redhat.com>
+Denis Smirnov <denis.smirnov.91@gmail.com>
+DongYun Kang <ceram1000@gmail.com>
+Dwayne Schultz <dschultz@pivotal.io>
+Georg Apitz <gapitz@pivotal.io>
+Gustav Paul <gustav.paul@gmail.com>
+Johan Brandhorst <johan.brandhorst@gmail.com>
+John Shahid <jvshahid@gmail.com>
+John Tuley <john@tuley.org>
+Laurent <laurent@adyoulike.com>
+Patrick Lee <patrick@dropbox.com>
+Peter Edge <peter.edge@gmail.com>
+Roger Johansson <rogeralsing@gmail.com>
+Sam Nguyen <sam.nguyen@sendgrid.com>
+Sergio Arbeo <serabe@gmail.com>
+Stephen J Day <stephen.day@docker.com>
+Tamir Duberstein <tamird@gmail.com>
+Todd Eisenberger <teisenberger@dropbox.com>
+Tormod Erevik Lea <tormodlea@gmail.com>
+Vyacheslav Kim <kane@sendgrid.com>
+Walter Schulze <awalterschulze@gmail.com>
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+Copyright (c) 2013, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+
+Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+
+Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+
+Copyright 2010 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+distribution.
+    * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+#
+# Copyright 2010 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+# https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+install:
+	go install
+
+test: install generate-test-pbs
+	go test
+
+
+generate-test-pbs:
+	make install
+	make -C test_proto
+	make -C proto3_proto
+	make
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Protocol buffer deep copy and merge.
+// TODO: RawMessage.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Clone returns a deep copy of a protocol buffer.
+func Clone(src Message) Message {
+	in := reflect.ValueOf(src)
+	if in.IsNil() {
+		return src
+	}
+	out := reflect.New(in.Type().Elem())
+	dst := out.Interface().(Message)
+	Merge(dst, src)
+	return dst
+}
+
+// Merger is the interface representing objects that can merge messages of the same type.
+type Merger interface {
+	// Merge merges src into this message.
+	// Required and optional fields that are set in src will be set to that value in dst.
+	// Elements of repeated fields will be appended.
+	//
+	// Merge may panic if called with a different argument type than the receiver.
+	Merge(src Message)
+}
+
+// generatedMerger is the custom merge method that generated protos will have.
+// We must add this method since a generate Merge method will conflict with
+// many existing protos that have a Merge data field already defined.
+type generatedMerger interface {
+	XXX_Merge(src Message)
+}
+
+// Merge merges src into dst.
+// Required and optional fields that are set in src will be set to that value in dst.
+// Elements of repeated fields will be appended.
+// Merge panics if src and dst are not the same type, or if dst is nil.
+func Merge(dst, src Message) {
+	if m, ok := dst.(Merger); ok {
+		m.Merge(src)
+		return
+	}
+
+	in := reflect.ValueOf(src)
+	out := reflect.ValueOf(dst)
+	if out.IsNil() {
+		panic("proto: nil destination")
+	}
+	if in.Type() != out.Type() {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("proto.Merge(%T, %T) type mismatch", dst, src))
+	}
+	if in.IsNil() {
+		return // Merge from nil src is a noop
+	}
+	if m, ok := dst.(generatedMerger); ok {
+		m.XXX_Merge(src)
+		return
+	}
+	mergeStruct(out.Elem(), in.Elem())
+}
+
+func mergeStruct(out, in reflect.Value) {
+	sprop := GetProperties(in.Type())
+	for i := 0; i < in.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := in.Type().Field(i)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(f.Name, "XXX_") {
+			continue
+		}
+		mergeAny(out.Field(i), in.Field(i), false, sprop.Prop[i])
+	}
+
+	if emIn, ok := in.Addr().Interface().(extensionsBytes); ok {
+		emOut := out.Addr().Interface().(extensionsBytes)
+		bIn := emIn.GetExtensions()
+		bOut := emOut.GetExtensions()
+		*bOut = append(*bOut, *bIn...)
+	} else if emIn, err := extendable(in.Addr().Interface()); err == nil {
+		emOut, _ := extendable(out.Addr().Interface())
+		mIn, muIn := emIn.extensionsRead()
+		if mIn != nil {
+			mOut := emOut.extensionsWrite()
+			muIn.Lock()
+			mergeExtension(mOut, mIn)
+			muIn.Unlock()
+		}
+	}
+
+	uf := in.FieldByName("XXX_unrecognized")
+	if !uf.IsValid() {
+		return
+	}
+	uin := uf.Bytes()
+	if len(uin) > 0 {
+		out.FieldByName("XXX_unrecognized").SetBytes(append([]byte(nil), uin...))
+	}
+}
+
+// mergeAny performs a merge between two values of the same type.
+// viaPtr indicates whether the values were indirected through a pointer (implying proto2).
+// prop is set if this is a struct field (it may be nil).
+func mergeAny(out, in reflect.Value, viaPtr bool, prop *Properties) {
+	if in.Type() == protoMessageType {
+		if !in.IsNil() {
+			if out.IsNil() {
+				out.Set(reflect.ValueOf(Clone(in.Interface().(Message))))
+			} else {
+				Merge(out.Interface().(Message), in.Interface().(Message))
+			}
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	switch in.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Bool, reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64,
+		reflect.String, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		if !viaPtr && isProto3Zero(in) {
+			return
+		}
+		out.Set(in)
+	case reflect.Interface:
+		// Probably a oneof field; copy non-nil values.
+		if in.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		// Allocate destination if it is not set, or set to a different type.
+		// Otherwise we will merge as normal.
+		if out.IsNil() || out.Elem().Type() != in.Elem().Type() {
+			out.Set(reflect.New(in.Elem().Elem().Type())) // interface -> *T -> T -> new(T)
+		}
+		mergeAny(out.Elem(), in.Elem(), false, nil)
+	case reflect.Map:
+		if in.Len() == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		if out.IsNil() {
+			out.Set(reflect.MakeMap(in.Type()))
+		}
+		// For maps with value types of *T or []byte we need to deep copy each value.
+		elemKind := in.Type().Elem().Kind()
+		for _, key := range in.MapKeys() {
+			var val reflect.Value
+			switch elemKind {
+			case reflect.Ptr:
+				val = reflect.New(in.Type().Elem().Elem())
+				mergeAny(val, in.MapIndex(key), false, nil)
+			case reflect.Slice:
+				val = in.MapIndex(key)
+				val = reflect.ValueOf(append([]byte{}, val.Bytes()...))
+			default:
+				val = in.MapIndex(key)
+			}
+			out.SetMapIndex(key, val)
+		}
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		if in.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		if out.IsNil() {
+			out.Set(reflect.New(in.Elem().Type()))
+		}
+		mergeAny(out.Elem(), in.Elem(), true, nil)
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		if in.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		if in.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
+			// []byte is a scalar bytes field, not a repeated field.
+
+			// Edge case: if this is in a proto3 message, a zero length
+			// bytes field is considered the zero value, and should not
+			// be merged.
+			if prop != nil && prop.proto3 && in.Len() == 0 {
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Make a deep copy.
+			// Append to []byte{} instead of []byte(nil) so that we never end up
+			// with a nil result.
+			out.SetBytes(append([]byte{}, in.Bytes()...))
+			return
+		}
+		n := in.Len()
+		if out.IsNil() {
+			out.Set(reflect.MakeSlice(in.Type(), 0, n))
+		}
+		switch in.Type().Elem().Kind() {
+		case reflect.Bool, reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64,
+			reflect.String, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+			out.Set(reflect.AppendSlice(out, in))
+		default:
+			for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+				x := reflect.Indirect(reflect.New(in.Type().Elem()))
+				mergeAny(x, in.Index(i), false, nil)
+				out.Set(reflect.Append(out, x))
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		mergeStruct(out, in)
+	default:
+		// unknown type, so not a protocol buffer
+		log.Printf("proto: don't know how to copy %v", in)
+	}
+}
+
+func mergeExtension(out, in map[int32]Extension) {
+	for extNum, eIn := range in {
+		eOut := Extension{desc: eIn.desc}
+		if eIn.value != nil {
+			v := reflect.New(reflect.TypeOf(eIn.value)).Elem()
+			mergeAny(v, reflect.ValueOf(eIn.value), false, nil)
+			eOut.value = v.Interface()
+		}
+		if eIn.enc != nil {
+			eOut.enc = make([]byte, len(eIn.enc))
+			copy(eOut.enc, eIn.enc)
+		}
+
+		out[extNum] = eOut
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2018, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import "reflect"
+
+type custom interface {
+	Marshal() ([]byte, error)
+	Unmarshal(data []byte) error
+	Size() int
+}
+
+var customType = reflect.TypeOf((*custom)(nil)).Elem()
@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+/*
+ * Routines for decoding protocol buffer data to construct in-memory representations.
+ */
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+)
+
+// errOverflow is returned when an integer is too large to be represented.
+var errOverflow = errors.New("proto: integer overflow")
+
+// ErrInternalBadWireType is returned by generated code when an incorrect
+// wire type is encountered. It does not get returned to user code.
+var ErrInternalBadWireType = errors.New("proto: internal error: bad wiretype for oneof")
+
+// DecodeVarint reads a varint-encoded integer from the slice.
+// It returns the integer and the number of bytes consumed, or
+// zero if there is not enough.
+// This is the format for the
+// int32, int64, uint32, uint64, bool, and enum
+// protocol buffer types.
+func DecodeVarint(buf []byte) (x uint64, n int) {
+	for shift := uint(0); shift < 64; shift += 7 {
+		if n >= len(buf) {
+			return 0, 0
+		}
+		b := uint64(buf[n])
+		n++
+		x |= (b & 0x7F) << shift
+		if (b & 0x80) == 0 {
+			return x, n
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The number is too large to represent in a 64-bit value.
+	return 0, 0
+}
+
+func (p *Buffer) decodeVarintSlow() (x uint64, err error) {
+	i := p.index
+	l := len(p.buf)
+
+	for shift := uint(0); shift < 64; shift += 7 {
+		if i >= l {
+			err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			return
+		}
+		b := p.buf[i]
+		i++
+		x |= (uint64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+		if b < 0x80 {
+			p.index = i
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The number is too large to represent in a 64-bit value.
+	err = errOverflow
+	return
+}
+
+// DecodeVarint reads a varint-encoded integer from the Buffer.
+// This is the format for the
+// int32, int64, uint32, uint64, bool, and enum
+// protocol buffer types.
+func (p *Buffer) DecodeVarint() (x uint64, err error) {
+	i := p.index
+	buf := p.buf
+
+	if i >= len(buf) {
+		return 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	} else if buf[i] < 0x80 {
+		p.index++
+		return uint64(buf[i]), nil
+	} else if len(buf)-i < 10 {
+		return p.decodeVarintSlow()
+	}
+
+	var b uint64
+	// we already checked the first byte
+	x = uint64(buf[i]) - 0x80
+	i++
+
+	b = uint64(buf[i])
+	i++
+	x += b << 7
+	if b&0x80 == 0 {
+		goto done
+	}
+	x -= 0x80 << 7
+
+	b = uint64(buf[i])
+	i++
+	x += b << 14
+	if b&0x80 == 0 {
+		goto done
+	}
+	x -= 0x80 << 14
+
+	b = uint64(buf[i])
+	i++
+	x += b << 21
+	if b&0x80 == 0 {
+		goto done
+	}
+	x -= 0x80 << 21
+
+	b = uint64(buf[i])
+	i++
+	x += b << 28
+	if b&0x80 == 0 {
+		goto done
+	}
+	x -= 0x80 << 28
+
+	b = uint64(buf[i])
+	i++
+	x += b << 35
+	if b&0x80 == 0 {
+		goto done
+	}
+	x -= 0x80 << 35
+
+	b = uint64(buf[i])
+	i++
+	x += b << 42
+	if b&0x80 == 0 {
+		goto done
+	}
+	x -= 0x80 << 42
+
+	b = uint64(buf[i])
+	i++
+	x += b << 49
+	if b&0x80 == 0 {
+		goto done
+	}
+	x -= 0x80 << 49
+
+	b = uint64(buf[i])
+	i++
+	x += b << 56
+	if b&0x80 == 0 {
+		goto done
+	}
+	x -= 0x80 << 56
+
+	b = uint64(buf[i])
+	i++
+	x += b << 63
+	if b&0x80 == 0 {
+		goto done
+	}
+
+	return 0, errOverflow
+
+done:
+	p.index = i
+	return x, nil
+}
+
+// DecodeFixed64 reads a 64-bit integer from the Buffer.
+// This is the format for the
+// fixed64, sfixed64, and double protocol buffer types.
+func (p *Buffer) DecodeFixed64() (x uint64, err error) {
+	// x, err already 0
+	i := p.index + 8
+	if i < 0 || i > len(p.buf) {
+		err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		return
+	}
+	p.index = i
+
+	x = uint64(p.buf[i-8])
+	x |= uint64(p.buf[i-7]) << 8
+	x |= uint64(p.buf[i-6]) << 16
+	x |= uint64(p.buf[i-5]) << 24
+	x |= uint64(p.buf[i-4]) << 32
+	x |= uint64(p.buf[i-3]) << 40
+	x |= uint64(p.buf[i-2]) << 48
+	x |= uint64(p.buf[i-1]) << 56
+	return
+}
+
+// DecodeFixed32 reads a 32-bit integer from the Buffer.
+// This is the format for the
+// fixed32, sfixed32, and float protocol buffer types.
+func (p *Buffer) DecodeFixed32() (x uint64, err error) {
+	// x, err already 0
+	i := p.index + 4
+	if i < 0 || i > len(p.buf) {
+		err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		return
+	}
+	p.index = i
+
+	x = uint64(p.buf[i-4])
+	x |= uint64(p.buf[i-3]) << 8
+	x |= uint64(p.buf[i-2]) << 16
+	x |= uint64(p.buf[i-1]) << 24
+	return
+}
+
+// DecodeZigzag64 reads a zigzag-encoded 64-bit integer
+// from the Buffer.
+// This is the format used for the sint64 protocol buffer type.
+func (p *Buffer) DecodeZigzag64() (x uint64, err error) {
+	x, err = p.DecodeVarint()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	x = (x >> 1) ^ uint64((int64(x&1)<<63)>>63)
+	return
+}
+
+// DecodeZigzag32 reads a zigzag-encoded 32-bit integer
+// from  the Buffer.
+// This is the format used for the sint32 protocol buffer type.
+func (p *Buffer) DecodeZigzag32() (x uint64, err error) {
+	x, err = p.DecodeVarint()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	x = uint64((uint32(x) >> 1) ^ uint32((int32(x&1)<<31)>>31))
+	return
+}
+
+// DecodeRawBytes reads a count-delimited byte buffer from the Buffer.
+// This is the format used for the bytes protocol buffer
+// type and for embedded messages.
+func (p *Buffer) DecodeRawBytes(alloc bool) (buf []byte, err error) {
+	n, err := p.DecodeVarint()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	nb := int(n)
+	if nb < 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("proto: bad byte length %d", nb)
+	}
+	end := p.index + nb
+	if end < p.index || end > len(p.buf) {
+		return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+
+	if !alloc {
+		// todo: check if can get more uses of alloc=false
+		buf = p.buf[p.index:end]
+		p.index += nb
+		return
+	}
+
+	buf = make([]byte, nb)
+	copy(buf, p.buf[p.index:])
+	p.index += nb
+	return
+}
+
+// DecodeStringBytes reads an encoded string from the Buffer.
+// This is the format used for the proto2 string type.
+func (p *Buffer) DecodeStringBytes() (s string, err error) {
+	buf, err := p.DecodeRawBytes(false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return string(buf), nil
+}
+
+// Unmarshaler is the interface representing objects that can
+// unmarshal themselves.  The argument points to data that may be
+// overwritten, so implementations should not keep references to the
+// buffer.
+// Unmarshal implementations should not clear the receiver.
+// Any unmarshaled data should be merged into the receiver.
+// Callers of Unmarshal that do not want to retain existing data
+// should Reset the receiver before calling Unmarshal.
+type Unmarshaler interface {
+	Unmarshal([]byte) error
+}
+
+// newUnmarshaler is the interface representing objects that can
+// unmarshal themselves. The semantics are identical to Unmarshaler.
+//
+// This exists to support protoc-gen-go generated messages.
+// The proto package will stop type-asserting to this interface in the future.
+//
+// DO NOT DEPEND ON THIS.
+type newUnmarshaler interface {
+	XXX_Unmarshal([]byte) error
+}
+
+// Unmarshal parses the protocol buffer representation in buf and places the
+// decoded result in pb.  If the struct underlying pb does not match
+// the data in buf, the results can be unpredictable.
+//
+// Unmarshal resets pb before starting to unmarshal, so any
+// existing data in pb is always removed. Use UnmarshalMerge
+// to preserve and append to existing data.
+func Unmarshal(buf []byte, pb Message) error {
+	pb.Reset()
+	if u, ok := pb.(newUnmarshaler); ok {
+		return u.XXX_Unmarshal(buf)
+	}
+	if u, ok := pb.(Unmarshaler); ok {
+		return u.Unmarshal(buf)
+	}
+	return NewBuffer(buf).Unmarshal(pb)
+}
+
+// UnmarshalMerge parses the protocol buffer representation in buf and
+// writes the decoded result to pb.  If the struct underlying pb does not match
+// the data in buf, the results can be unpredictable.
+//
+// UnmarshalMerge merges into existing data in pb.
+// Most code should use Unmarshal instead.
+func UnmarshalMerge(buf []byte, pb Message) error {
+	if u, ok := pb.(newUnmarshaler); ok {
+		return u.XXX_Unmarshal(buf)
+	}
+	if u, ok := pb.(Unmarshaler); ok {
+		// NOTE: The history of proto have unfortunately been inconsistent
+		// whether Unmarshaler should or should not implicitly clear itself.
+		// Some implementations do, most do not.
+		// Thus, calling this here may or may not do what people want.
+		//
+		// See https://github.com/golang/protobuf/issues/424
+		return u.Unmarshal(buf)
+	}
+	return NewBuffer(buf).Unmarshal(pb)
+}
+
+// DecodeMessage reads a count-delimited message from the Buffer.
+func (p *Buffer) DecodeMessage(pb Message) error {
+	enc, err := p.DecodeRawBytes(false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return NewBuffer(enc).Unmarshal(pb)
+}
+
+// DecodeGroup reads a tag-delimited group from the Buffer.
+// StartGroup tag is already consumed. This function consumes
+// EndGroup tag.
+func (p *Buffer) DecodeGroup(pb Message) error {
+	b := p.buf[p.index:]
+	x, y := findEndGroup(b)
+	if x < 0 {
+		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	err := Unmarshal(b[:x], pb)
+	p.index += y
+	return err
+}
+
+// Unmarshal parses the protocol buffer representation in the
+// Buffer and places the decoded result in pb.  If the struct
+// underlying pb does not match the data in the buffer, the results can be
+// unpredictable.
+//
+// Unlike proto.Unmarshal, this does not reset pb before starting to unmarshal.
+func (p *Buffer) Unmarshal(pb Message) error {
+	// If the object can unmarshal itself, let it.
+	if u, ok := pb.(newUnmarshaler); ok {
+		err := u.XXX_Unmarshal(p.buf[p.index:])
+		p.index = len(p.buf)
+		return err
+	}
+	if u, ok := pb.(Unmarshaler); ok {
+		// NOTE: The history of proto have unfortunately been inconsistent
+		// whether Unmarshaler should or should not implicitly clear itself.
+		// Some implementations do, most do not.
+		// Thus, calling this here may or may not do what people want.
+		//
+		// See https://github.com/golang/protobuf/issues/424
+		err := u.Unmarshal(p.buf[p.index:])
+		p.index = len(p.buf)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Slow workaround for messages that aren't Unmarshalers.
+	// This includes some hand-coded .pb.go files and
+	// bootstrap protos.
+	// TODO: fix all of those and then add Unmarshal to
+	// the Message interface. Then:
+	// The cast above and code below can be deleted.
+	// The old unmarshaler can be deleted.
+	// Clients can call Unmarshal directly (can already do that, actually).
+	var info InternalMessageInfo
+	err := info.Unmarshal(pb, p.buf[p.index:])
+	p.index = len(p.buf)
+	return err
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import "errors"
+
+// Deprecated: do not use.
+type Stats struct{ Emalloc, Dmalloc, Encode, Decode, Chit, Cmiss, Size uint64 }
+
+// Deprecated: do not use.
+func GetStats() Stats { return Stats{} }
+
+// Deprecated: do not use.
+func MarshalMessageSet(interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("proto: not implemented")
+}
+
+// Deprecated: do not use.
+func UnmarshalMessageSet([]byte, interface{}) error {
+	return errors.New("proto: not implemented")
+}
+
+// Deprecated: do not use.
+func MarshalMessageSetJSON(interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("proto: not implemented")
+}
+
+// Deprecated: do not use.
+func UnmarshalMessageSetJSON([]byte, interface{}) error {
+	return errors.New("proto: not implemented")
+}
+
+// Deprecated: do not use.
+func RegisterMessageSetType(Message, int32, string) {}
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2017 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+)
+
+type generatedDiscarder interface {
+	XXX_DiscardUnknown()
+}
+
+// DiscardUnknown recursively discards all unknown fields from this message
+// and all embedded messages.
+//
+// When unmarshaling a message with unrecognized fields, the tags and values
+// of such fields are preserved in the Message. This allows a later call to
+// marshal to be able to produce a message that continues to have those
+// unrecognized fields. To avoid this, DiscardUnknown is used to
+// explicitly clear the unknown fields after unmarshaling.
+//
+// For proto2 messages, the unknown fields of message extensions are only
+// discarded from messages that have been accessed via GetExtension.
+func DiscardUnknown(m Message) {
+	if m, ok := m.(generatedDiscarder); ok {
+		m.XXX_DiscardUnknown()
+		return
+	}
+	// TODO: Dynamically populate a InternalMessageInfo for legacy messages,
+	// but the master branch has no implementation for InternalMessageInfo,
+	// so it would be more work to replicate that approach.
+	discardLegacy(m)
+}
+
+// DiscardUnknown recursively discards all unknown fields.
+func (a *InternalMessageInfo) DiscardUnknown(m Message) {
+	di := atomicLoadDiscardInfo(&a.discard)
+	if di == nil {
+		di = getDiscardInfo(reflect.TypeOf(m).Elem())
+		atomicStoreDiscardInfo(&a.discard, di)
+	}
+	di.discard(toPointer(&m))
+}
+
+type discardInfo struct {
+	typ reflect.Type
+
+	initialized int32 // 0: only typ is valid, 1: everything is valid
+	lock        sync.Mutex
+
+	fields       []discardFieldInfo
+	unrecognized field
+}
+
+type discardFieldInfo struct {
+	field   field // Offset of field, guaranteed to be valid
+	discard func(src pointer)
+}
+
+var (
+	discardInfoMap  = map[reflect.Type]*discardInfo{}
+	discardInfoLock sync.Mutex
+)
+
+func getDiscardInfo(t reflect.Type) *discardInfo {
+	discardInfoLock.Lock()
+	defer discardInfoLock.Unlock()
+	di := discardInfoMap[t]
+	if di == nil {
+		di = &discardInfo{typ: t}
+		discardInfoMap[t] = di
+	}
+	return di
+}
+
+func (di *discardInfo) discard(src pointer) {
+	if src.isNil() {
+		return // Nothing to do.
+	}
+
+	if atomic.LoadInt32(&di.initialized) == 0 {
+		di.computeDiscardInfo()
+	}
+
+	for _, fi := range di.fields {
+		sfp := src.offset(fi.field)
+		fi.discard(sfp)
+	}
+
+	// For proto2 messages, only discard unknown fields in message extensions
+	// that have been accessed via GetExtension.
+	if em, err := extendable(src.asPointerTo(di.typ).Interface()); err == nil {
+		// Ignore lock since DiscardUnknown is not concurrency safe.
+		emm, _ := em.extensionsRead()
+		for _, mx := range emm {
+			if m, ok := mx.value.(Message); ok {
+				DiscardUnknown(m)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if di.unrecognized.IsValid() {
+		*src.offset(di.unrecognized).toBytes() = nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (di *discardInfo) computeDiscardInfo() {
+	di.lock.Lock()
+	defer di.lock.Unlock()
+	if di.initialized != 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	t := di.typ
+	n := t.NumField()
+
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		f := t.Field(i)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(f.Name, "XXX_") {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		dfi := discardFieldInfo{field: toField(&f)}
+		tf := f.Type
+
+		// Unwrap tf to get its most basic type.
+		var isPointer, isSlice bool
+		if tf.Kind() == reflect.Slice && tf.Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+			isSlice = true
+			tf = tf.Elem()
+		}
+		if tf.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			isPointer = true
+			tf = tf.Elem()
+		}
+		if isPointer && isSlice && tf.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("%v.%s cannot be a slice of pointers to primitive types", t, f.Name))
+		}
+
+		switch tf.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Struct:
+			switch {
+			case !isPointer:
+				panic(fmt.Sprintf("%v.%s cannot be a direct struct value", t, f.Name))
+			case isSlice: // E.g., []*pb.T
+				discardInfo := getDiscardInfo(tf)
+				dfi.discard = func(src pointer) {
+					sps := src.getPointerSlice()
+					for _, sp := range sps {
+						if !sp.isNil() {
+							discardInfo.discard(sp)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			default: // E.g., *pb.T
+				discardInfo := getDiscardInfo(tf)
+				dfi.discard = func(src pointer) {
+					sp := src.getPointer()
+					if !sp.isNil() {
+						discardInfo.discard(sp)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Map:
+			switch {
+			case isPointer || isSlice:
+				panic(fmt.Sprintf("%v.%s cannot be a pointer to a map or a slice of map values", t, f.Name))
+			default: // E.g., map[K]V
+				if tf.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Ptr { // Proto struct (e.g., *T)
+					dfi.discard = func(src pointer) {
+						sm := src.asPointerTo(tf).Elem()
+						if sm.Len() == 0 {
+							return
+						}
+						for _, key := range sm.MapKeys() {
+							val := sm.MapIndex(key)
+							DiscardUnknown(val.Interface().(Message))
+						}
+					}
+				} else {
+					dfi.discard = func(pointer) {} // Noop
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Interface:
+			// Must be oneof field.
+			switch {
+			case isPointer || isSlice:
+				panic(fmt.Sprintf("%v.%s cannot be a pointer to a interface or a slice of interface values", t, f.Name))
+			default: // E.g., interface{}
+				// TODO: Make this faster?
+				dfi.discard = func(src pointer) {
+					su := src.asPointerTo(tf).Elem()
+					if !su.IsNil() {
+						sv := su.Elem().Elem().Field(0)
+						if sv.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && sv.IsNil() {
+							return
+						}
+						switch sv.Type().Kind() {
+						case reflect.Ptr: // Proto struct (e.g., *T)
+							DiscardUnknown(sv.Interface().(Message))
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		default:
+			continue
+		}
+		di.fields = append(di.fields, dfi)
+	}
+
+	di.unrecognized = invalidField
+	if f, ok := t.FieldByName("XXX_unrecognized"); ok {
+		if f.Type != reflect.TypeOf([]byte{}) {
+			panic("expected XXX_unrecognized to be of type []byte")
+		}
+		di.unrecognized = toField(&f)
+	}
+
+	atomic.StoreInt32(&di.initialized, 1)
+}
+
+func discardLegacy(m Message) {
+	v := reflect.ValueOf(m)
+	if v.Kind() != reflect.Ptr || v.IsNil() {
+		return
+	}
+	v = v.Elem()
+	if v.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return
+	}
+	t := v.Type()
+
+	for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := t.Field(i)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(f.Name, "XXX_") {
+			continue
+		}
+		vf := v.Field(i)
+		tf := f.Type
+
+		// Unwrap tf to get its most basic type.
+		var isPointer, isSlice bool
+		if tf.Kind() == reflect.Slice && tf.Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+			isSlice = true
+			tf = tf.Elem()
+		}
+		if tf.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			isPointer = true
+			tf = tf.Elem()
+		}
+		if isPointer && isSlice && tf.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("%T.%s cannot be a slice of pointers to primitive types", m, f.Name))
+		}
+
+		switch tf.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Struct:
+			switch {
+			case !isPointer:
+				panic(fmt.Sprintf("%T.%s cannot be a direct struct value", m, f.Name))
+			case isSlice: // E.g., []*pb.T
+				for j := 0; j < vf.Len(); j++ {
+					discardLegacy(vf.Index(j).Interface().(Message))
+				}
+			default: // E.g., *pb.T
+				discardLegacy(vf.Interface().(Message))
+			}
+		case reflect.Map:
+			switch {
+			case isPointer || isSlice:
+				panic(fmt.Sprintf("%T.%s cannot be a pointer to a map or a slice of map values", m, f.Name))
+			default: // E.g., map[K]V
+				tv := vf.Type().Elem()
+				if tv.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && tv.Implements(protoMessageType) { // Proto struct (e.g., *T)
+					for _, key := range vf.MapKeys() {
+						val := vf.MapIndex(key)
+						discardLegacy(val.Interface().(Message))
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Interface:
+			// Must be oneof field.
+			switch {
+			case isPointer || isSlice:
+				panic(fmt.Sprintf("%T.%s cannot be a pointer to a interface or a slice of interface values", m, f.Name))
+			default: // E.g., test_proto.isCommunique_Union interface
+				if !vf.IsNil() && f.Tag.Get("protobuf_oneof") != "" {
+					vf = vf.Elem() // E.g., *test_proto.Communique_Msg
+					if !vf.IsNil() {
+						vf = vf.Elem()   // E.g., test_proto.Communique_Msg
+						vf = vf.Field(0) // E.g., Proto struct (e.g., *T) or primitive value
+						if vf.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+							discardLegacy(vf.Interface().(Message))
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if vf := v.FieldByName("XXX_unrecognized"); vf.IsValid() {
+		if vf.Type() != reflect.TypeOf([]byte{}) {
+			panic("expected XXX_unrecognized to be of type []byte")
+		}
+		vf.Set(reflect.ValueOf([]byte(nil)))
+	}
+
+	// For proto2 messages, only discard unknown fields in message extensions
+	// that have been accessed via GetExtension.
+	if em, err := extendable(m); err == nil {
+		// Ignore lock since discardLegacy is not concurrency safe.
+		emm, _ := em.extensionsRead()
+		for _, mx := range emm {
+			if m, ok := mx.value.(Message); ok {
+				discardLegacy(m)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+// This file implements conversions between google.protobuf.Duration
+// and time.Duration.
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Range of a Duration in seconds, as specified in
+	// google/protobuf/duration.proto. This is about 10,000 years in seconds.
+	maxSeconds = int64(10000 * 365.25 * 24 * 60 * 60)
+	minSeconds = -maxSeconds
+)
+
+// validateDuration determines whether the Duration is valid according to the
+// definition in google/protobuf/duration.proto. A valid Duration
+// may still be too large to fit into a time.Duration (the range of Duration
+// is about 10,000 years, and the range of time.Duration is about 290).
+func validateDuration(d *duration) error {
+	if d == nil {
+		return errors.New("duration: nil Duration")
+	}
+	if d.Seconds < minSeconds || d.Seconds > maxSeconds {
+		return fmt.Errorf("duration: %#v: seconds out of range", d)
+	}
+	if d.Nanos <= -1e9 || d.Nanos >= 1e9 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("duration: %#v: nanos out of range", d)
+	}
+	// Seconds and Nanos must have the same sign, unless d.Nanos is zero.
+	if (d.Seconds < 0 && d.Nanos > 0) || (d.Seconds > 0 && d.Nanos < 0) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("duration: %#v: seconds and nanos have different signs", d)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DurationFromProto converts a Duration to a time.Duration. DurationFromProto
+// returns an error if the Duration is invalid or is too large to be
+// represented in a time.Duration.
+func durationFromProto(p *duration) (time.Duration, error) {
+	if err := validateDuration(p); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	d := time.Duration(p.Seconds) * time.Second
+	if int64(d/time.Second) != p.Seconds {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("duration: %#v is out of range for time.Duration", p)
+	}
+	if p.Nanos != 0 {
+		d += time.Duration(p.Nanos)
+		if (d < 0) != (p.Nanos < 0) {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("duration: %#v is out of range for time.Duration", p)
+		}
+	}
+	return d, nil
+}
+
+// DurationProto converts a time.Duration to a Duration.
+func durationProto(d time.Duration) *duration {
+	nanos := d.Nanoseconds()
+	secs := nanos / 1e9
+	nanos -= secs * 1e9
+	return &duration{
+		Seconds: secs,
+		Nanos:   int32(nanos),
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2016, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var durationType = reflect.TypeOf((*time.Duration)(nil)).Elem()
+
+type duration struct {
+	Seconds int64 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=seconds,proto3" json:"seconds,omitempty"`
+	Nanos   int32 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=nanos,proto3" json:"nanos,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *duration) Reset()       { *m = duration{} }
+func (*duration) ProtoMessage()  {}
+func (*duration) String() string { return "duration<string>" }
+
+func init() {
+	RegisterType((*duration)(nil), "gogo.protobuf.proto.duration")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+/*
+ * Routines for encoding data into the wire format for protocol buffers.
+ */
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+var (
+	// errRepeatedHasNil is the error returned if Marshal is called with
+	// a struct with a repeated field containing a nil element.
+	errRepeatedHasNil = errors.New("proto: repeated field has nil element")
+
+	// errOneofHasNil is the error returned if Marshal is called with
+	// a struct with a oneof field containing a nil element.
+	errOneofHasNil = errors.New("proto: oneof field has nil value")
+
+	// ErrNil is the error returned if Marshal is called with nil.
+	ErrNil = errors.New("proto: Marshal called with nil")
+
+	// ErrTooLarge is the error returned if Marshal is called with a
+	// message that encodes to >2GB.
+	ErrTooLarge = errors.New("proto: message encodes to over 2 GB")
+)
+
+// The fundamental encoders that put bytes on the wire.
+// Those that take integer types all accept uint64 and are
+// therefore of type valueEncoder.
+
+const maxVarintBytes = 10 // maximum length of a varint
+
+// EncodeVarint returns the varint encoding of x.
+// This is the format for the
+// int32, int64, uint32, uint64, bool, and enum
+// protocol buffer types.
+// Not used by the package itself, but helpful to clients
+// wishing to use the same encoding.
+func EncodeVarint(x uint64) []byte {
+	var buf [maxVarintBytes]byte
+	var n int
+	for n = 0; x > 127; n++ {
+		buf[n] = 0x80 | uint8(x&0x7F)
+		x >>= 7
+	}
+	buf[n] = uint8(x)
+	n++
+	return buf[0:n]
+}
+
+// EncodeVarint writes a varint-encoded integer to the Buffer.
+// This is the format for the
+// int32, int64, uint32, uint64, bool, and enum
+// protocol buffer types.
+func (p *Buffer) EncodeVarint(x uint64) error {
+	for x >= 1<<7 {
+		p.buf = append(p.buf, uint8(x&0x7f|0x80))
+		x >>= 7
+	}
+	p.buf = append(p.buf, uint8(x))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SizeVarint returns the varint encoding size of an integer.
+func SizeVarint(x uint64) int {
+	switch {
+	case x < 1<<7:
+		return 1
+	case x < 1<<14:
+		return 2
+	case x < 1<<21:
+		return 3
+	case x < 1<<28:
+		return 4
+	case x < 1<<35:
+		return 5
+	case x < 1<<42:
+		return 6
+	case x < 1<<49:
+		return 7
+	case x < 1<<56:
+		return 8
+	case x < 1<<63:
+		return 9
+	}
+	return 10
+}
+
+// EncodeFixed64 writes a 64-bit integer to the Buffer.
+// This is the format for the
+// fixed64, sfixed64, and double protocol buffer types.
+func (p *Buffer) EncodeFixed64(x uint64) error {
+	p.buf = append(p.buf,
+		uint8(x),
+		uint8(x>>8),
+		uint8(x>>16),
+		uint8(x>>24),
+		uint8(x>>32),
+		uint8(x>>40),
+		uint8(x>>48),
+		uint8(x>>56))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// EncodeFixed32 writes a 32-bit integer to the Buffer.
+// This is the format for the
+// fixed32, sfixed32, and float protocol buffer types.
+func (p *Buffer) EncodeFixed32(x uint64) error {
+	p.buf = append(p.buf,
+		uint8(x),
+		uint8(x>>8),
+		uint8(x>>16),
+		uint8(x>>24))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// EncodeZigzag64 writes a zigzag-encoded 64-bit integer
+// to the Buffer.
+// This is the format used for the sint64 protocol buffer type.
+func (p *Buffer) EncodeZigzag64(x uint64) error {
+	// use signed number to get arithmetic right shift.
+	return p.EncodeVarint(uint64((x << 1) ^ uint64((int64(x) >> 63))))
+}
+
+// EncodeZigzag32 writes a zigzag-encoded 32-bit integer
+// to the Buffer.
+// This is the format used for the sint32 protocol buffer type.
+func (p *Buffer) EncodeZigzag32(x uint64) error {
+	// use signed number to get arithmetic right shift.
+	return p.EncodeVarint(uint64((uint32(x) << 1) ^ uint32((int32(x) >> 31))))
+}
+
+// EncodeRawBytes writes a count-delimited byte buffer to the Buffer.
+// This is the format used for the bytes protocol buffer
+// type and for embedded messages.
+func (p *Buffer) EncodeRawBytes(b []byte) error {
+	p.EncodeVarint(uint64(len(b)))
+	p.buf = append(p.buf, b...)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// EncodeStringBytes writes an encoded string to the Buffer.
+// This is the format used for the proto2 string type.
+func (p *Buffer) EncodeStringBytes(s string) error {
+	p.EncodeVarint(uint64(len(s)))
+	p.buf = append(p.buf, s...)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Marshaler is the interface representing objects that can marshal themselves.
+type Marshaler interface {
+	Marshal() ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+// EncodeMessage writes the protocol buffer to the Buffer,
+// prefixed by a varint-encoded length.
+func (p *Buffer) EncodeMessage(pb Message) error {
+	siz := Size(pb)
+	sizVar := SizeVarint(uint64(siz))
+	p.grow(siz + sizVar)
+	p.EncodeVarint(uint64(siz))
+	return p.Marshal(pb)
+}
+
+// All protocol buffer fields are nillable, but be careful.
+func isNil(v reflect.Value) bool {
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Interface, reflect.Map, reflect.Ptr, reflect.Slice:
+		return v.IsNil()
+	}
+	return false
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2013, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+func NewRequiredNotSetError(field string) *RequiredNotSetError {
+	return &RequiredNotSetError{field}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Protocol buffer comparison.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"log"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+/*
+Equal returns true iff protocol buffers a and b are equal.
+The arguments must both be pointers to protocol buffer structs.
+
+Equality is defined in this way:
+  - Two messages are equal iff they are the same type,
+    corresponding fields are equal, unknown field sets
+    are equal, and extensions sets are equal.
+  - Two set scalar fields are equal iff their values are equal.
+    If the fields are of a floating-point type, remember that
+    NaN != x for all x, including NaN. If the message is defined
+    in a proto3 .proto file, fields are not "set"; specifically,
+    zero length proto3 "bytes" fields are equal (nil == {}).
+  - Two repeated fields are equal iff their lengths are the same,
+    and their corresponding elements are equal. Note a "bytes" field,
+    although represented by []byte, is not a repeated field and the
+    rule for the scalar fields described above applies.
+  - Two unset fields are equal.
+  - Two unknown field sets are equal if their current
+    encoded state is equal.
+  - Two extension sets are equal iff they have corresponding
+    elements that are pairwise equal.
+  - Two map fields are equal iff their lengths are the same,
+    and they contain the same set of elements. Zero-length map
+    fields are equal.
+  - Every other combination of things are not equal.
+
+The return value is undefined if a and b are not protocol buffers.
+*/
+func Equal(a, b Message) bool {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return a == b
+	}
+	v1, v2 := reflect.ValueOf(a), reflect.ValueOf(b)
+	if v1.Type() != v2.Type() {
+		return false
+	}
+	if v1.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		if v1.IsNil() {
+			return v2.IsNil()
+		}
+		if v2.IsNil() {
+			return false
+		}
+		v1, v2 = v1.Elem(), v2.Elem()
+	}
+	if v1.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return false
+	}
+	return equalStruct(v1, v2)
+}
+
+// v1 and v2 are known to have the same type.
+func equalStruct(v1, v2 reflect.Value) bool {
+	sprop := GetProperties(v1.Type())
+	for i := 0; i < v1.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := v1.Type().Field(i)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(f.Name, "XXX_") {
+			continue
+		}
+		f1, f2 := v1.Field(i), v2.Field(i)
+		if f.Type.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			if n1, n2 := f1.IsNil(), f2.IsNil(); n1 && n2 {
+				// both unset
+				continue
+			} else if n1 != n2 {
+				// set/unset mismatch
+				return false
+			}
+			f1, f2 = f1.Elem(), f2.Elem()
+		}
+		if !equalAny(f1, f2, sprop.Prop[i]) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	if em1 := v1.FieldByName("XXX_InternalExtensions"); em1.IsValid() {
+		em2 := v2.FieldByName("XXX_InternalExtensions")
+		if !equalExtensions(v1.Type(), em1.Interface().(XXX_InternalExtensions), em2.Interface().(XXX_InternalExtensions)) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	if em1 := v1.FieldByName("XXX_extensions"); em1.IsValid() {
+		em2 := v2.FieldByName("XXX_extensions")
+		if !equalExtMap(v1.Type(), em1.Interface().(map[int32]Extension), em2.Interface().(map[int32]Extension)) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	uf := v1.FieldByName("XXX_unrecognized")
+	if !uf.IsValid() {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	u1 := uf.Bytes()
+	u2 := v2.FieldByName("XXX_unrecognized").Bytes()
+	return bytes.Equal(u1, u2)
+}
+
+// v1 and v2 are known to have the same type.
+// prop may be nil.
+func equalAny(v1, v2 reflect.Value, prop *Properties) bool {
+	if v1.Type() == protoMessageType {
+		m1, _ := v1.Interface().(Message)
+		m2, _ := v2.Interface().(Message)
+		return Equal(m1, m2)
+	}
+	switch v1.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		return v1.Bool() == v2.Bool()
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		return v1.Float() == v2.Float()
+	case reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		return v1.Int() == v2.Int()
+	case reflect.Interface:
+		// Probably a oneof field; compare the inner values.
+		n1, n2 := v1.IsNil(), v2.IsNil()
+		if n1 || n2 {
+			return n1 == n2
+		}
+		e1, e2 := v1.Elem(), v2.Elem()
+		if e1.Type() != e2.Type() {
+			return false
+		}
+		return equalAny(e1, e2, nil)
+	case reflect.Map:
+		if v1.Len() != v2.Len() {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, key := range v1.MapKeys() {
+			val2 := v2.MapIndex(key)
+			if !val2.IsValid() {
+				// This key was not found in the second map.
+				return false
+			}
+			if !equalAny(v1.MapIndex(key), val2, nil) {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		// Maps may have nil values in them, so check for nil.
+		if v1.IsNil() && v2.IsNil() {
+			return true
+		}
+		if v1.IsNil() != v2.IsNil() {
+			return false
+		}
+		return equalAny(v1.Elem(), v2.Elem(), prop)
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		if v1.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
+			// short circuit: []byte
+
+			// Edge case: if this is in a proto3 message, a zero length
+			// bytes field is considered the zero value.
+			if prop != nil && prop.proto3 && v1.Len() == 0 && v2.Len() == 0 {
+				return true
+			}
+			if v1.IsNil() != v2.IsNil() {
+				return false
+			}
+			return bytes.Equal(v1.Interface().([]byte), v2.Interface().([]byte))
+		}
+
+		if v1.Len() != v2.Len() {
+			return false
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < v1.Len(); i++ {
+			if !equalAny(v1.Index(i), v2.Index(i), prop) {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	case reflect.String:
+		return v1.Interface().(string) == v2.Interface().(string)
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		return equalStruct(v1, v2)
+	case reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		return v1.Uint() == v2.Uint()
+	}
+
+	// unknown type, so not a protocol buffer
+	log.Printf("proto: don't know how to compare %v", v1)
+	return false
+}
+
+// base is the struct type that the extensions are based on.
+// x1 and x2 are InternalExtensions.
+func equalExtensions(base reflect.Type, x1, x2 XXX_InternalExtensions) bool {
+	em1, _ := x1.extensionsRead()
+	em2, _ := x2.extensionsRead()
+	return equalExtMap(base, em1, em2)
+}
+
+func equalExtMap(base reflect.Type, em1, em2 map[int32]Extension) bool {
+	if len(em1) != len(em2) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for extNum, e1 := range em1 {
+		e2, ok := em2[extNum]
+		if !ok {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		m1, m2 := e1.value, e2.value
+
+		if m1 == nil && m2 == nil {
+			// Both have only encoded form.
+			if bytes.Equal(e1.enc, e2.enc) {
+				continue
+			}
+			// The bytes are different, but the extensions might still be
+			// equal. We need to decode them to compare.
+		}
+
+		if m1 != nil && m2 != nil {
+			// Both are unencoded.
+			if !equalAny(reflect.ValueOf(m1), reflect.ValueOf(m2), nil) {
+				return false
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// At least one is encoded. To do a semantically correct comparison
+		// we need to unmarshal them first.
+		var desc *ExtensionDesc
+		if m := extensionMaps[base]; m != nil {
+			desc = m[extNum]
+		}
+		if desc == nil {
+			// If both have only encoded form and the bytes are the same,
+			// it is handled above. We get here when the bytes are different.
+			// We don't know how to decode it, so just compare them as byte
+			// slices.
+			log.Printf("proto: don't know how to compare extension %d of %v", extNum, base)
+			return false
+		}
+		var err error
+		if m1 == nil {
+			m1, err = decodeExtension(e1.enc, desc)
+		}
+		if m2 == nil && err == nil {
+			m2, err = decodeExtension(e2.enc, desc)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			// The encoded form is invalid.
+			log.Printf("proto: badly encoded extension %d of %v: %v", extNum, base, err)
+			return false
+		}
+		if !equalAny(reflect.ValueOf(m1), reflect.ValueOf(m2), nil) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,605 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+/*
+ * Types and routines for supporting protocol buffer extensions.
+ */
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// ErrMissingExtension is the error returned by GetExtension if the named extension is not in the message.
+var ErrMissingExtension = errors.New("proto: missing extension")
+
+// ExtensionRange represents a range of message extensions for a protocol buffer.
+// Used in code generated by the protocol compiler.
+type ExtensionRange struct {
+	Start, End int32 // both inclusive
+}
+
+// extendableProto is an interface implemented by any protocol buffer generated by the current
+// proto compiler that may be extended.
+type extendableProto interface {
+	Message
+	ExtensionRangeArray() []ExtensionRange
+	extensionsWrite() map[int32]Extension
+	extensionsRead() (map[int32]Extension, sync.Locker)
+}
+
+// extendableProtoV1 is an interface implemented by a protocol buffer generated by the previous
+// version of the proto compiler that may be extended.
+type extendableProtoV1 interface {
+	Message
+	ExtensionRangeArray() []ExtensionRange
+	ExtensionMap() map[int32]Extension
+}
+
+// extensionAdapter is a wrapper around extendableProtoV1 that implements extendableProto.
+type extensionAdapter struct {
+	extendableProtoV1
+}
+
+func (e extensionAdapter) extensionsWrite() map[int32]Extension {
+	return e.ExtensionMap()
+}
+
+func (e extensionAdapter) extensionsRead() (map[int32]Extension, sync.Locker) {
+	return e.ExtensionMap(), notLocker{}
+}
+
+// notLocker is a sync.Locker whose Lock and Unlock methods are nops.
+type notLocker struct{}
+
+func (n notLocker) Lock()   {}
+func (n notLocker) Unlock() {}
+
+// extendable returns the extendableProto interface for the given generated proto message.
+// If the proto message has the old extension format, it returns a wrapper that implements
+// the extendableProto interface.
+func extendable(p interface{}) (extendableProto, error) {
+	switch p := p.(type) {
+	case extendableProto:
+		if isNilPtr(p) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("proto: nil %T is not extendable", p)
+		}
+		return p, nil
+	case extendableProtoV1:
+		if isNilPtr(p) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("proto: nil %T is not extendable", p)
+		}
+		return extensionAdapter{p}, nil
+	case extensionsBytes:
+		return slowExtensionAdapter{p}, nil
+	}
+	// Don't allocate a specific error containing %T:
+	// this is the hot path for Clone and MarshalText.
+	return nil, errNotExtendable
+}
+
+var errNotExtendable = errors.New("proto: not an extendable proto.Message")
+
+func isNilPtr(x interface{}) bool {
+	v := reflect.ValueOf(x)
+	return v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && v.IsNil()
+}
+
+// XXX_InternalExtensions is an internal representation of proto extensions.
+//
+// Each generated message struct type embeds an anonymous XXX_InternalExtensions field,
+// thus gaining the unexported 'extensions' method, which can be called only from the proto package.
+//
+// The methods of XXX_InternalExtensions are not concurrency safe in general,
+// but calls to logically read-only methods such as has and get may be executed concurrently.
+type XXX_InternalExtensions struct {
+	// The struct must be indirect so that if a user inadvertently copies a
+	// generated message and its embedded XXX_InternalExtensions, they
+	// avoid the mayhem of a copied mutex.
+	//
+	// The mutex serializes all logically read-only operations to p.extensionMap.
+	// It is up to the client to ensure that write operations to p.extensionMap are
+	// mutually exclusive with other accesses.
+	p *struct {
+		mu           sync.Mutex
+		extensionMap map[int32]Extension
+	}
+}
+
+// extensionsWrite returns the extension map, creating it on first use.
+func (e *XXX_InternalExtensions) extensionsWrite() map[int32]Extension {
+	if e.p == nil {
+		e.p = new(struct {
+			mu           sync.Mutex
+			extensionMap map[int32]Extension
+		})
+		e.p.extensionMap = make(map[int32]Extension)
+	}
+	return e.p.extensionMap
+}
+
+// extensionsRead returns the extensions map for read-only use.  It may be nil.
+// The caller must hold the returned mutex's lock when accessing Elements within the map.
+func (e *XXX_InternalExtensions) extensionsRead() (map[int32]Extension, sync.Locker) {
+	if e.p == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return e.p.extensionMap, &e.p.mu
+}
+
+// ExtensionDesc represents an extension specification.
+// Used in generated code from the protocol compiler.
+type ExtensionDesc struct {
+	ExtendedType  Message     // nil pointer to the type that is being extended
+	ExtensionType interface{} // nil pointer to the extension type
+	Field         int32       // field number
+	Name          string      // fully-qualified name of extension, for text formatting
+	Tag           string      // protobuf tag style
+	Filename      string      // name of the file in which the extension is defined
+}
+
+func (ed *ExtensionDesc) repeated() bool {
+	t := reflect.TypeOf(ed.ExtensionType)
+	return t.Kind() == reflect.Slice && t.Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8
+}
+
+// Extension represents an extension in a message.
+type Extension struct {
+	// When an extension is stored in a message using SetExtension
+	// only desc and value are set. When the message is marshaled
+	// enc will be set to the encoded form of the message.
+	//
+	// When a message is unmarshaled and contains extensions, each
+	// extension will have only enc set. When such an extension is
+	// accessed using GetExtension (or GetExtensions) desc and value
+	// will be set.
+	desc  *ExtensionDesc
+	value interface{}
+	enc   []byte
+}
+
+// SetRawExtension is for testing only.
+func SetRawExtension(base Message, id int32, b []byte) {
+	if ebase, ok := base.(extensionsBytes); ok {
+		clearExtension(base, id)
+		ext := ebase.GetExtensions()
+		*ext = append(*ext, b...)
+		return
+	}
+	epb, err := extendable(base)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	extmap := epb.extensionsWrite()
+	extmap[id] = Extension{enc: b}
+}
+
+// isExtensionField returns true iff the given field number is in an extension range.
+func isExtensionField(pb extendableProto, field int32) bool {
+	for _, er := range pb.ExtensionRangeArray() {
+		if er.Start <= field && field <= er.End {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// checkExtensionTypes checks that the given extension is valid for pb.
+func checkExtensionTypes(pb extendableProto, extension *ExtensionDesc) error {
+	var pbi interface{} = pb
+	// Check the extended type.
+	if ea, ok := pbi.(extensionAdapter); ok {
+		pbi = ea.extendableProtoV1
+	}
+	if ea, ok := pbi.(slowExtensionAdapter); ok {
+		pbi = ea.extensionsBytes
+	}
+	if a, b := reflect.TypeOf(pbi), reflect.TypeOf(extension.ExtendedType); a != b {
+		return fmt.Errorf("proto: bad extended type; %v does not extend %v", b, a)
+	}
+	// Check the range.
+	if !isExtensionField(pb, extension.Field) {
+		return errors.New("proto: bad extension number; not in declared ranges")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// extPropKey is sufficient to uniquely identify an extension.
+type extPropKey struct {
+	base  reflect.Type
+	field int32
+}
+
+var extProp = struct {
+	sync.RWMutex
+	m map[extPropKey]*Properties
+}{
+	m: make(map[extPropKey]*Properties),
+}
+
+func extensionProperties(ed *ExtensionDesc) *Properties {
+	key := extPropKey{base: reflect.TypeOf(ed.ExtendedType), field: ed.Field}
+
+	extProp.RLock()
+	if prop, ok := extProp.m[key]; ok {
+		extProp.RUnlock()
+		return prop
+	}
+	extProp.RUnlock()
+
+	extProp.Lock()
+	defer extProp.Unlock()
+	// Check again.
+	if prop, ok := extProp.m[key]; ok {
+		return prop
+	}
+
+	prop := new(Properties)
+	prop.Init(reflect.TypeOf(ed.ExtensionType), "unknown_name", ed.Tag, nil)
+	extProp.m[key] = prop
+	return prop
+}
+
+// HasExtension returns whether the given extension is present in pb.
+func HasExtension(pb Message, extension *ExtensionDesc) bool {
+	if epb, doki := pb.(extensionsBytes); doki {
+		ext := epb.GetExtensions()
+		buf := *ext
+		o := 0
+		for o < len(buf) {
+			tag, n := DecodeVarint(buf[o:])
+			fieldNum := int32(tag >> 3)
+			if int32(fieldNum) == extension.Field {
+				return true
+			}
+			wireType := int(tag & 0x7)
+			o += n
+			l, err := size(buf[o:], wireType)
+			if err != nil {
+				return false
+			}
+			o += l
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	// TODO: Check types, field numbers, etc.?
+	epb, err := extendable(pb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	extmap, mu := epb.extensionsRead()
+	if extmap == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	mu.Lock()
+	_, ok := extmap[extension.Field]
+	mu.Unlock()
+	return ok
+}
+
+// ClearExtension removes the given extension from pb.
+func ClearExtension(pb Message, extension *ExtensionDesc) {
+	clearExtension(pb, extension.Field)
+}
+
+func clearExtension(pb Message, fieldNum int32) {
+	if epb, ok := pb.(extensionsBytes); ok {
+		offset := 0
+		for offset != -1 {
+			offset = deleteExtension(epb, fieldNum, offset)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	epb, err := extendable(pb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	// TODO: Check types, field numbers, etc.?
+	extmap := epb.extensionsWrite()
+	delete(extmap, fieldNum)
+}
+
+// GetExtension retrieves a proto2 extended field from pb.
+//
+// If the descriptor is type complete (i.e., ExtensionDesc.ExtensionType is non-nil),
+// then GetExtension parses the encoded field and returns a Go value of the specified type.
+// If the field is not present, then the default value is returned (if one is specified),
+// otherwise ErrMissingExtension is reported.
+//
+// If the descriptor is not type complete (i.e., ExtensionDesc.ExtensionType is nil),
+// then GetExtension returns the raw encoded bytes of the field extension.
+func GetExtension(pb Message, extension *ExtensionDesc) (interface{}, error) {
+	if epb, doki := pb.(extensionsBytes); doki {
+		ext := epb.GetExtensions()
+		return decodeExtensionFromBytes(extension, *ext)
+	}
+
+	epb, err := extendable(pb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if extension.ExtendedType != nil {
+		// can only check type if this is a complete descriptor
+		if cerr := checkExtensionTypes(epb, extension); cerr != nil {
+			return nil, cerr
+		}
+	}
+
+	emap, mu := epb.extensionsRead()
+	if emap == nil {
+		return defaultExtensionValue(extension)
+	}
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	e, ok := emap[extension.Field]
+	if !ok {
+		// defaultExtensionValue returns the default value or
+		// ErrMissingExtension if there is no default.
+		return defaultExtensionValue(extension)
+	}
+
+	if e.value != nil {
+		// Already decoded. Check the descriptor, though.
+		if e.desc != extension {
+			// This shouldn't happen. If it does, it means that
+			// GetExtension was called twice with two different
+			// descriptors with the same field number.
+			return nil, errors.New("proto: descriptor conflict")
+		}
+		return e.value, nil
+	}
+
+	if extension.ExtensionType == nil {
+		// incomplete descriptor
+		return e.enc, nil
+	}
+
+	v, err := decodeExtension(e.enc, extension)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Remember the decoded version and drop the encoded version.
+	// That way it is safe to mutate what we return.
+	e.value = v
+	e.desc = extension
+	e.enc = nil
+	emap[extension.Field] = e
+	return e.value, nil
+}
+
+// defaultExtensionValue returns the default value for extension.
+// If no default for an extension is defined ErrMissingExtension is returned.
+func defaultExtensionValue(extension *ExtensionDesc) (interface{}, error) {
+	if extension.ExtensionType == nil {
+		// incomplete descriptor, so no default
+		return nil, ErrMissingExtension
+	}
+
+	t := reflect.TypeOf(extension.ExtensionType)
+	props := extensionProperties(extension)
+
+	sf, _, err := fieldDefault(t, props)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if sf == nil || sf.value == nil {
+		// There is no default value.
+		return nil, ErrMissingExtension
+	}
+
+	if t.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+		// We do not need to return a Ptr, we can directly return sf.value.
+		return sf.value, nil
+	}
+
+	// We need to return an interface{} that is a pointer to sf.value.
+	value := reflect.New(t).Elem()
+	value.Set(reflect.New(value.Type().Elem()))
+	if sf.kind == reflect.Int32 {
+		// We may have an int32 or an enum, but the underlying data is int32.
+		// Since we can't set an int32 into a non int32 reflect.value directly
+		// set it as a int32.
+		value.Elem().SetInt(int64(sf.value.(int32)))
+	} else {
+		value.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(sf.value))
+	}
+	return value.Interface(), nil
+}
+
+// decodeExtension decodes an extension encoded in b.
+func decodeExtension(b []byte, extension *ExtensionDesc) (interface{}, error) {
+	t := reflect.TypeOf(extension.ExtensionType)
+	unmarshal := typeUnmarshaler(t, extension.Tag)
+
+	// t is a pointer to a struct, pointer to basic type or a slice.
+	// Allocate space to store the pointer/slice.
+	value := reflect.New(t).Elem()
+
+	var err error
+	for {
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		wire := int(x) & 7
+
+		b, err = unmarshal(b, valToPointer(value.Addr()), wire)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if len(b) == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return value.Interface(), nil
+}
+
+// GetExtensions returns a slice of the extensions present in pb that are also listed in es.
+// The returned slice has the same length as es; missing extensions will appear as nil elements.
+func GetExtensions(pb Message, es []*ExtensionDesc) (extensions []interface{}, err error) {
+	epb, err := extendable(pb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	extensions = make([]interface{}, len(es))
+	for i, e := range es {
+		extensions[i], err = GetExtension(epb, e)
+		if err == ErrMissingExtension {
+			err = nil
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// ExtensionDescs returns a new slice containing pb's extension descriptors, in undefined order.
+// For non-registered extensions, ExtensionDescs returns an incomplete descriptor containing
+// just the Field field, which defines the extension's field number.
+func ExtensionDescs(pb Message) ([]*ExtensionDesc, error) {
+	epb, err := extendable(pb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	registeredExtensions := RegisteredExtensions(pb)
+
+	emap, mu := epb.extensionsRead()
+	if emap == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	extensions := make([]*ExtensionDesc, 0, len(emap))
+	for extid, e := range emap {
+		desc := e.desc
+		if desc == nil {
+			desc = registeredExtensions[extid]
+			if desc == nil {
+				desc = &ExtensionDesc{Field: extid}
+			}
+		}
+
+		extensions = append(extensions, desc)
+	}
+	return extensions, nil
+}
+
+// SetExtension sets the specified extension of pb to the specified value.
+func SetExtension(pb Message, extension *ExtensionDesc, value interface{}) error {
+	if epb, ok := pb.(extensionsBytes); ok {
+		ClearExtension(pb, extension)
+		newb, err := encodeExtension(extension, value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		bb := epb.GetExtensions()
+		*bb = append(*bb, newb...)
+		return nil
+	}
+	epb, err := extendable(pb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := checkExtensionTypes(epb, extension); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	typ := reflect.TypeOf(extension.ExtensionType)
+	if typ != reflect.TypeOf(value) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("proto: bad extension value type. got: %T, want: %T", value, extension.ExtensionType)
+	}
+	// nil extension values need to be caught early, because the
+	// encoder can't distinguish an ErrNil due to a nil extension
+	// from an ErrNil due to a missing field. Extensions are
+	// always optional, so the encoder would just swallow the error
+	// and drop all the extensions from the encoded message.
+	if reflect.ValueOf(value).IsNil() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("proto: SetExtension called with nil value of type %T", value)
+	}
+
+	extmap := epb.extensionsWrite()
+	extmap[extension.Field] = Extension{desc: extension, value: value}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ClearAllExtensions clears all extensions from pb.
+func ClearAllExtensions(pb Message) {
+	if epb, doki := pb.(extensionsBytes); doki {
+		ext := epb.GetExtensions()
+		*ext = []byte{}
+		return
+	}
+	epb, err := extendable(pb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m := epb.extensionsWrite()
+	for k := range m {
+		delete(m, k)
+	}
+}
+
+// A global registry of extensions.
+// The generated code will register the generated descriptors by calling RegisterExtension.
+
+var extensionMaps = make(map[reflect.Type]map[int32]*ExtensionDesc)
+
+// RegisterExtension is called from the generated code.
+func RegisterExtension(desc *ExtensionDesc) {
+	st := reflect.TypeOf(desc.ExtendedType).Elem()
+	m := extensionMaps[st]
+	if m == nil {
+		m = make(map[int32]*ExtensionDesc)
+		extensionMaps[st] = m
+	}
+	if _, ok := m[desc.Field]; ok {
+		panic("proto: duplicate extension registered: " + st.String() + " " + strconv.Itoa(int(desc.Field)))
+	}
+	m[desc.Field] = desc
+}
+
+// RegisteredExtensions returns a map of the registered extensions of a
+// protocol buffer struct, indexed by the extension number.
+// The argument pb should be a nil pointer to the struct type.
+func RegisteredExtensions(pb Message) map[int32]*ExtensionDesc {
+	return extensionMaps[reflect.TypeOf(pb).Elem()]
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2013, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type extensionsBytes interface {
+	Message
+	ExtensionRangeArray() []ExtensionRange
+	GetExtensions() *[]byte
+}
+
+type slowExtensionAdapter struct {
+	extensionsBytes
+}
+
+func (s slowExtensionAdapter) extensionsWrite() map[int32]Extension {
+	panic("Please report a bug to github.com/gogo/protobuf if you see this message: Writing extensions is not supported for extensions stored in a byte slice field.")
+}
+
+func (s slowExtensionAdapter) extensionsRead() (map[int32]Extension, sync.Locker) {
+	b := s.GetExtensions()
+	m, err := BytesToExtensionsMap(*b)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return m, notLocker{}
+}
+
+func GetBoolExtension(pb Message, extension *ExtensionDesc, ifnotset bool) bool {
+	if reflect.ValueOf(pb).IsNil() {
+		return ifnotset
+	}
+	value, err := GetExtension(pb, extension)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ifnotset
+	}
+	if value == nil {
+		return ifnotset
+	}
+	if value.(*bool) == nil {
+		return ifnotset
+	}
+	return *(value.(*bool))
+}
+
+func (this *Extension) Equal(that *Extension) bool {
+	if err := this.Encode(); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if err := that.Encode(); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return bytes.Equal(this.enc, that.enc)
+}
+
+func (this *Extension) Compare(that *Extension) int {
+	if err := this.Encode(); err != nil {
+		return 1
+	}
+	if err := that.Encode(); err != nil {
+		return -1
+	}
+	return bytes.Compare(this.enc, that.enc)
+}
+
+func SizeOfInternalExtension(m extendableProto) (n int) {
+	info := getMarshalInfo(reflect.TypeOf(m))
+	return info.sizeV1Extensions(m.extensionsWrite())
+}
+
+type sortableMapElem struct {
+	field int32
+	ext   Extension
+}
+
+func newSortableExtensionsFromMap(m map[int32]Extension) sortableExtensions {
+	s := make(sortableExtensions, 0, len(m))
+	for k, v := range m {
+		s = append(s, &sortableMapElem{field: k, ext: v})
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+type sortableExtensions []*sortableMapElem
+
+func (this sortableExtensions) Len() int { return len(this) }
+
+func (this sortableExtensions) Swap(i, j int) { this[i], this[j] = this[j], this[i] }
+
+func (this sortableExtensions) Less(i, j int) bool { return this[i].field < this[j].field }
+
+func (this sortableExtensions) String() string {
+	sort.Sort(this)
+	ss := make([]string, len(this))
+	for i := range this {
+		ss[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%d: %v", this[i].field, this[i].ext)
+	}
+	return "map[" + strings.Join(ss, ",") + "]"
+}
+
+func StringFromInternalExtension(m extendableProto) string {
+	return StringFromExtensionsMap(m.extensionsWrite())
+}
+
+func StringFromExtensionsMap(m map[int32]Extension) string {
+	return newSortableExtensionsFromMap(m).String()
+}
+
+func StringFromExtensionsBytes(ext []byte) string {
+	m, err := BytesToExtensionsMap(ext)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return StringFromExtensionsMap(m)
+}
+
+func EncodeInternalExtension(m extendableProto, data []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	return EncodeExtensionMap(m.extensionsWrite(), data)
+}
+
+func EncodeInternalExtensionBackwards(m extendableProto, data []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	return EncodeExtensionMapBackwards(m.extensionsWrite(), data)
+}
+
+func EncodeExtensionMap(m map[int32]Extension, data []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	o := 0
+	for _, e := range m {
+		if err := e.Encode(); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		n := copy(data[o:], e.enc)
+		if n != len(e.enc) {
+			return 0, io.ErrShortBuffer
+		}
+		o += n
+	}
+	return o, nil
+}
+
+func EncodeExtensionMapBackwards(m map[int32]Extension, data []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	o := 0
+	end := len(data)
+	for _, e := range m {
+		if err := e.Encode(); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		n := copy(data[end-len(e.enc):], e.enc)
+		if n != len(e.enc) {
+			return 0, io.ErrShortBuffer
+		}
+		end -= n
+		o += n
+	}
+	return o, nil
+}
+
+func GetRawExtension(m map[int32]Extension, id int32) ([]byte, error) {
+	e := m[id]
+	if err := e.Encode(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return e.enc, nil
+}
+
+func size(buf []byte, wire int) (int, error) {
+	switch wire {
+	case WireVarint:
+		_, n := DecodeVarint(buf)
+		return n, nil
+	case WireFixed64:
+		return 8, nil
+	case WireBytes:
+		v, n := DecodeVarint(buf)
+		return int(v) + n, nil
+	case WireFixed32:
+		return 4, nil
+	case WireStartGroup:
+		offset := 0
+		for {
+			u, n := DecodeVarint(buf[offset:])
+			fwire := int(u & 0x7)
+			offset += n
+			if fwire == WireEndGroup {
+				return offset, nil
+			}
+			s, err := size(buf[offset:], wire)
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			offset += s
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("proto: can't get size for unknown wire type %d", wire)
+}
+
+func BytesToExtensionsMap(buf []byte) (map[int32]Extension, error) {
+	m := make(map[int32]Extension)
+	i := 0
+	for i < len(buf) {
+		tag, n := DecodeVarint(buf[i:])
+		if n <= 0 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to decode varint")
+		}
+		fieldNum := int32(tag >> 3)
+		wireType := int(tag & 0x7)
+		l, err := size(buf[i+n:], wireType)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		end := i + int(l) + n
+		m[int32(fieldNum)] = Extension{enc: buf[i:end]}
+		i = end
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func NewExtension(e []byte) Extension {
+	ee := Extension{enc: make([]byte, len(e))}
+	copy(ee.enc, e)
+	return ee
+}
+
+func AppendExtension(e Message, tag int32, buf []byte) {
+	if ee, eok := e.(extensionsBytes); eok {
+		ext := ee.GetExtensions()
+		*ext = append(*ext, buf...)
+		return
+	}
+	if ee, eok := e.(extendableProto); eok {
+		m := ee.extensionsWrite()
+		ext := m[int32(tag)] // may be missing
+		ext.enc = append(ext.enc, buf...)
+		m[int32(tag)] = ext
+	}
+}
+
+func encodeExtension(extension *ExtensionDesc, value interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	u := getMarshalInfo(reflect.TypeOf(extension.ExtendedType))
+	ei := u.getExtElemInfo(extension)
+	v := value
+	p := toAddrPointer(&v, ei.isptr)
+	siz := ei.sizer(p, SizeVarint(ei.wiretag))
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, siz)
+	return ei.marshaler(buf, p, ei.wiretag, false)
+}
+
+func decodeExtensionFromBytes(extension *ExtensionDesc, buf []byte) (interface{}, error) {
+	o := 0
+	for o < len(buf) {
+		tag, n := DecodeVarint((buf)[o:])
+		fieldNum := int32(tag >> 3)
+		wireType := int(tag & 0x7)
+		if o+n > len(buf) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to decode extension")
+		}
+		l, err := size((buf)[o+n:], wireType)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if int32(fieldNum) == extension.Field {
+			if o+n+l > len(buf) {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to decode extension")
+			}
+			v, err := decodeExtension((buf)[o:o+n+l], extension)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return v, nil
+		}
+		o += n + l
+	}
+	return defaultExtensionValue(extension)
+}
+
+func (this *Extension) Encode() error {
+	if this.enc == nil {
+		var err error
+		this.enc, err = encodeExtension(this.desc, this.value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (this Extension) GoString() string {
+	if err := this.Encode(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("error encoding extension: %v", err)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("proto.NewExtension(%#v)", this.enc)
+}
+
+func SetUnsafeExtension(pb Message, fieldNum int32, value interface{}) error {
+	typ := reflect.TypeOf(pb).Elem()
+	ext, ok := extensionMaps[typ]
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("proto: bad extended type; %s is not extendable", typ.String())
+	}
+	desc, ok := ext[fieldNum]
+	if !ok {
+		return errors.New("proto: bad extension number; not in declared ranges")
+	}
+	return SetExtension(pb, desc, value)
+}
+
+func GetUnsafeExtension(pb Message, fieldNum int32) (interface{}, error) {
+	typ := reflect.TypeOf(pb).Elem()
+	ext, ok := extensionMaps[typ]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("proto: bad extended type; %s is not extendable", typ.String())
+	}
+	desc, ok := ext[fieldNum]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unregistered field number %d", fieldNum)
+	}
+	return GetExtension(pb, desc)
+}
+
+func NewUnsafeXXX_InternalExtensions(m map[int32]Extension) XXX_InternalExtensions {
+	x := &XXX_InternalExtensions{
+		p: new(struct {
+			mu           sync.Mutex
+			extensionMap map[int32]Extension
+		}),
+	}
+	x.p.extensionMap = m
+	return *x
+}
+
+func GetUnsafeExtensionsMap(extendable Message) map[int32]Extension {
+	pb := extendable.(extendableProto)
+	return pb.extensionsWrite()
+}
+
+func deleteExtension(pb extensionsBytes, theFieldNum int32, offset int) int {
+	ext := pb.GetExtensions()
+	for offset < len(*ext) {
+		tag, n1 := DecodeVarint((*ext)[offset:])
+		fieldNum := int32(tag >> 3)
+		wireType := int(tag & 0x7)
+		n2, err := size((*ext)[offset+n1:], wireType)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		newOffset := offset + n1 + n2
+		if fieldNum == theFieldNum {
+			*ext = append((*ext)[:offset], (*ext)[newOffset:]...)
+			return offset
+		}
+		offset = newOffset
+	}
+	return -1
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,973 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/*
+Package proto converts data structures to and from the wire format of
+protocol buffers.  It works in concert with the Go source code generated
+for .proto files by the protocol compiler.
+
+A summary of the properties of the protocol buffer interface
+for a protocol buffer variable v:
+
+  - Names are turned from camel_case to CamelCase for export.
+  - There are no methods on v to set fields; just treat
+	them as structure fields.
+  - There are getters that return a field's value if set,
+	and return the field's default value if unset.
+	The getters work even if the receiver is a nil message.
+  - The zero value for a struct is its correct initialization state.
+	All desired fields must be set before marshaling.
+  - A Reset() method will restore a protobuf struct to its zero state.
+  - Non-repeated fields are pointers to the values; nil means unset.
+	That is, optional or required field int32 f becomes F *int32.
+  - Repeated fields are slices.
+  - Helper functions are available to aid the setting of fields.
+	msg.Foo = proto.String("hello") // set field
+  - Constants are defined to hold the default values of all fields that
+	have them.  They have the form Default_StructName_FieldName.
+	Because the getter methods handle defaulted values,
+	direct use of these constants should be rare.
+  - Enums are given type names and maps from names to values.
+	Enum values are prefixed by the enclosing message's name, or by the
+	enum's type name if it is a top-level enum. Enum types have a String
+	method, and a Enum method to assist in message construction.
+  - Nested messages, groups and enums have type names prefixed with the name of
+	the surrounding message type.
+  - Extensions are given descriptor names that start with E_,
+	followed by an underscore-delimited list of the nested messages
+	that contain it (if any) followed by the CamelCased name of the
+	extension field itself.  HasExtension, ClearExtension, GetExtension
+	and SetExtension are functions for manipulating extensions.
+  - Oneof field sets are given a single field in their message,
+	with distinguished wrapper types for each possible field value.
+  - Marshal and Unmarshal are functions to encode and decode the wire format.
+
+When the .proto file specifies `syntax="proto3"`, there are some differences:
+
+  - Non-repeated fields of non-message type are values instead of pointers.
+  - Enum types do not get an Enum method.
+
+The simplest way to describe this is to see an example.
+Given file test.proto, containing
+
+	package example;
+
+	enum FOO { X = 17; }
+
+	message Test {
+	  required string label = 1;
+	  optional int32 type = 2 [default=77];
+	  repeated int64 reps = 3;
+	  optional group OptionalGroup = 4 {
+	    required string RequiredField = 5;
+	  }
+	  oneof union {
+	    int32 number = 6;
+	    string name = 7;
+	  }
+	}
+
+The resulting file, test.pb.go, is:
+
+	package example
+
+	import proto "github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
+	import math "math"
+
+	type FOO int32
+	const (
+		FOO_X FOO = 17
+	)
+	var FOO_name = map[int32]string{
+		17: "X",
+	}
+	var FOO_value = map[string]int32{
+		"X": 17,
+	}
+
+	func (x FOO) Enum() *FOO {
+		p := new(FOO)
+		*p = x
+		return p
+	}
+	func (x FOO) String() string {
+		return proto.EnumName(FOO_name, int32(x))
+	}
+	func (x *FOO) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+		value, err := proto.UnmarshalJSONEnum(FOO_value, data)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		*x = FOO(value)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	type Test struct {
+		Label         *string             `protobuf:"bytes,1,req,name=label" json:"label,omitempty"`
+		Type          *int32              `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=type,def=77" json:"type,omitempty"`
+		Reps          []int64             `protobuf:"varint,3,rep,name=reps" json:"reps,omitempty"`
+		Optionalgroup *Test_OptionalGroup `protobuf:"group,4,opt,name=OptionalGroup" json:"optionalgroup,omitempty"`
+		// Types that are valid to be assigned to Union:
+		//	*Test_Number
+		//	*Test_Name
+		Union            isTest_Union `protobuf_oneof:"union"`
+		XXX_unrecognized []byte       `json:"-"`
+	}
+	func (m *Test) Reset()         { *m = Test{} }
+	func (m *Test) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+	func (*Test) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+	type isTest_Union interface {
+		isTest_Union()
+	}
+
+	type Test_Number struct {
+		Number int32 `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=number"`
+	}
+	type Test_Name struct {
+		Name string `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=name"`
+	}
+
+	func (*Test_Number) isTest_Union() {}
+	func (*Test_Name) isTest_Union()   {}
+
+	func (m *Test) GetUnion() isTest_Union {
+		if m != nil {
+			return m.Union
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	const Default_Test_Type int32 = 77
+
+	func (m *Test) GetLabel() string {
+		if m != nil && m.Label != nil {
+			return *m.Label
+		}
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	func (m *Test) GetType() int32 {
+		if m != nil && m.Type != nil {
+			return *m.Type
+		}
+		return Default_Test_Type
+	}
+
+	func (m *Test) GetOptionalgroup() *Test_OptionalGroup {
+		if m != nil {
+			return m.Optionalgroup
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	type Test_OptionalGroup struct {
+		RequiredField *string `protobuf:"bytes,5,req" json:"RequiredField,omitempty"`
+	}
+	func (m *Test_OptionalGroup) Reset()         { *m = Test_OptionalGroup{} }
+	func (m *Test_OptionalGroup) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+
+	func (m *Test_OptionalGroup) GetRequiredField() string {
+		if m != nil && m.RequiredField != nil {
+			return *m.RequiredField
+		}
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	func (m *Test) GetNumber() int32 {
+		if x, ok := m.GetUnion().(*Test_Number); ok {
+			return x.Number
+		}
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	func (m *Test) GetName() string {
+		if x, ok := m.GetUnion().(*Test_Name); ok {
+			return x.Name
+		}
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	func init() {
+		proto.RegisterEnum("example.FOO", FOO_name, FOO_value)
+	}
+
+To create and play with a Test object:
+
+	package main
+
+	import (
+		"log"
+
+		"github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
+		pb "./example.pb"
+	)
+
+	func main() {
+		test := &pb.Test{
+			Label: proto.String("hello"),
+			Type:  proto.Int32(17),
+			Reps:  []int64{1, 2, 3},
+			Optionalgroup: &pb.Test_OptionalGroup{
+				RequiredField: proto.String("good bye"),
+			},
+			Union: &pb.Test_Name{"fred"},
+		}
+		data, err := proto.Marshal(test)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal("marshaling error: ", err)
+		}
+		newTest := &pb.Test{}
+		err = proto.Unmarshal(data, newTest)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal("unmarshaling error: ", err)
+		}
+		// Now test and newTest contain the same data.
+		if test.GetLabel() != newTest.GetLabel() {
+			log.Fatalf("data mismatch %q != %q", test.GetLabel(), newTest.GetLabel())
+		}
+		// Use a type switch to determine which oneof was set.
+		switch u := test.Union.(type) {
+		case *pb.Test_Number: // u.Number contains the number.
+		case *pb.Test_Name: // u.Name contains the string.
+		}
+		// etc.
+	}
+*/
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// RequiredNotSetError is an error type returned by either Marshal or Unmarshal.
+// Marshal reports this when a required field is not initialized.
+// Unmarshal reports this when a required field is missing from the wire data.
+type RequiredNotSetError struct{ field string }
+
+func (e *RequiredNotSetError) Error() string {
+	if e.field == "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("proto: required field not set")
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("proto: required field %q not set", e.field)
+}
+func (e *RequiredNotSetError) RequiredNotSet() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+type invalidUTF8Error struct{ field string }
+
+func (e *invalidUTF8Error) Error() string {
+	if e.field == "" {
+		return "proto: invalid UTF-8 detected"
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("proto: field %q contains invalid UTF-8", e.field)
+}
+func (e *invalidUTF8Error) InvalidUTF8() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// errInvalidUTF8 is a sentinel error to identify fields with invalid UTF-8.
+// This error should not be exposed to the external API as such errors should
+// be recreated with the field information.
+var errInvalidUTF8 = &invalidUTF8Error{}
+
+// isNonFatal reports whether the error is either a RequiredNotSet error
+// or a InvalidUTF8 error.
+func isNonFatal(err error) bool {
+	if re, ok := err.(interface{ RequiredNotSet() bool }); ok && re.RequiredNotSet() {
+		return true
+	}
+	if re, ok := err.(interface{ InvalidUTF8() bool }); ok && re.InvalidUTF8() {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type nonFatal struct{ E error }
+
+// Merge merges err into nf and reports whether it was successful.
+// Otherwise it returns false for any fatal non-nil errors.
+func (nf *nonFatal) Merge(err error) (ok bool) {
+	if err == nil {
+		return true // not an error
+	}
+	if !isNonFatal(err) {
+		return false // fatal error
+	}
+	if nf.E == nil {
+		nf.E = err // store first instance of non-fatal error
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// Message is implemented by generated protocol buffer messages.
+type Message interface {
+	Reset()
+	String() string
+	ProtoMessage()
+}
+
+// A Buffer is a buffer manager for marshaling and unmarshaling
+// protocol buffers.  It may be reused between invocations to
+// reduce memory usage.  It is not necessary to use a Buffer;
+// the global functions Marshal and Unmarshal create a
+// temporary Buffer and are fine for most applications.
+type Buffer struct {
+	buf   []byte // encode/decode byte stream
+	index int    // read point
+
+	deterministic bool
+}
+
+// NewBuffer allocates a new Buffer and initializes its internal data to
+// the contents of the argument slice.
+func NewBuffer(e []byte) *Buffer {
+	return &Buffer{buf: e}
+}
+
+// Reset resets the Buffer, ready for marshaling a new protocol buffer.
+func (p *Buffer) Reset() {
+	p.buf = p.buf[0:0] // for reading/writing
+	p.index = 0        // for reading
+}
+
+// SetBuf replaces the internal buffer with the slice,
+// ready for unmarshaling the contents of the slice.
+func (p *Buffer) SetBuf(s []byte) {
+	p.buf = s
+	p.index = 0
+}
+
+// Bytes returns the contents of the Buffer.
+func (p *Buffer) Bytes() []byte { return p.buf }
+
+// SetDeterministic sets whether to use deterministic serialization.
+//
+// Deterministic serialization guarantees that for a given binary, equal
+// messages will always be serialized to the same bytes. This implies:
+//
+//   - Repeated serialization of a message will return the same bytes.
+//   - Different processes of the same binary (which may be executing on
+//     different machines) will serialize equal messages to the same bytes.
+//
+// Note that the deterministic serialization is NOT canonical across
+// languages. It is not guaranteed to remain stable over time. It is unstable
+// across different builds with schema changes due to unknown fields.
+// Users who need canonical serialization (e.g., persistent storage in a
+// canonical form, fingerprinting, etc.) should define their own
+// canonicalization specification and implement their own serializer rather
+// than relying on this API.
+//
+// If deterministic serialization is requested, map entries will be sorted
+// by keys in lexographical order. This is an implementation detail and
+// subject to change.
+func (p *Buffer) SetDeterministic(deterministic bool) {
+	p.deterministic = deterministic
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper routines for simplifying the creation of optional fields of basic type.
+ */
+
+// Bool is a helper routine that allocates a new bool value
+// to store v and returns a pointer to it.
+func Bool(v bool) *bool {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// Int32 is a helper routine that allocates a new int32 value
+// to store v and returns a pointer to it.
+func Int32(v int32) *int32 {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// Int is a helper routine that allocates a new int32 value
+// to store v and returns a pointer to it, but unlike Int32
+// its argument value is an int.
+func Int(v int) *int32 {
+	p := new(int32)
+	*p = int32(v)
+	return p
+}
+
+// Int64 is a helper routine that allocates a new int64 value
+// to store v and returns a pointer to it.
+func Int64(v int64) *int64 {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// Float32 is a helper routine that allocates a new float32 value
+// to store v and returns a pointer to it.
+func Float32(v float32) *float32 {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// Float64 is a helper routine that allocates a new float64 value
+// to store v and returns a pointer to it.
+func Float64(v float64) *float64 {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// Uint32 is a helper routine that allocates a new uint32 value
+// to store v and returns a pointer to it.
+func Uint32(v uint32) *uint32 {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// Uint64 is a helper routine that allocates a new uint64 value
+// to store v and returns a pointer to it.
+func Uint64(v uint64) *uint64 {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// String is a helper routine that allocates a new string value
+// to store v and returns a pointer to it.
+func String(v string) *string {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// EnumName is a helper function to simplify printing protocol buffer enums
+// by name.  Given an enum map and a value, it returns a useful string.
+func EnumName(m map[int32]string, v int32) string {
+	s, ok := m[v]
+	if ok {
+		return s
+	}
+	return strconv.Itoa(int(v))
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSONEnum is a helper function to simplify recovering enum int values
+// from their JSON-encoded representation. Given a map from the enum's symbolic
+// names to its int values, and a byte buffer containing the JSON-encoded
+// value, it returns an int32 that can be cast to the enum type by the caller.
+//
+// The function can deal with both JSON representations, numeric and symbolic.
+func UnmarshalJSONEnum(m map[string]int32, data []byte, enumName string) (int32, error) {
+	if data[0] == '"' {
+		// New style: enums are strings.
+		var repr string
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &repr); err != nil {
+			return -1, err
+		}
+		val, ok := m[repr]
+		if !ok {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("unrecognized enum %s value %q", enumName, repr)
+		}
+		return val, nil
+	}
+	// Old style: enums are ints.
+	var val int32
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &val); err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("cannot unmarshal %#q into enum %s", data, enumName)
+	}
+	return val, nil
+}
+
+// DebugPrint dumps the encoded data in b in a debugging format with a header
+// including the string s. Used in testing but made available for general debugging.
+func (p *Buffer) DebugPrint(s string, b []byte) {
+	var u uint64
+
+	obuf := p.buf
+	sindex := p.index
+	p.buf = b
+	p.index = 0
+	depth := 0
+
+	fmt.Printf("\n--- %s ---\n", s)
+
+out:
+	for {
+		for i := 0; i < depth; i++ {
+			fmt.Print("  ")
+		}
+
+		index := p.index
+		if index == len(p.buf) {
+			break
+		}
+
+		op, err := p.DecodeVarint()
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("%3d: fetching op err %v\n", index, err)
+			break out
+		}
+		tag := op >> 3
+		wire := op & 7
+
+		switch wire {
+		default:
+			fmt.Printf("%3d: t=%3d unknown wire=%d\n",
+				index, tag, wire)
+			break out
+
+		case WireBytes:
+			var r []byte
+
+			r, err = p.DecodeRawBytes(false)
+			if err != nil {
+				break out
+			}
+			fmt.Printf("%3d: t=%3d bytes [%d]", index, tag, len(r))
+			if len(r) <= 6 {
+				for i := 0; i < len(r); i++ {
+					fmt.Printf(" %.2x", r[i])
+				}
+			} else {
+				for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+					fmt.Printf(" %.2x", r[i])
+				}
+				fmt.Printf(" ..")
+				for i := len(r) - 3; i < len(r); i++ {
+					fmt.Printf(" %.2x", r[i])
+				}
+			}
+			fmt.Printf("\n")
+
+		case WireFixed32:
+			u, err = p.DecodeFixed32()
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Printf("%3d: t=%3d fix32 err %v\n", index, tag, err)
+				break out
+			}
+			fmt.Printf("%3d: t=%3d fix32 %d\n", index, tag, u)
+
+		case WireFixed64:
+			u, err = p.DecodeFixed64()
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Printf("%3d: t=%3d fix64 err %v\n", index, tag, err)
+				break out
+			}
+			fmt.Printf("%3d: t=%3d fix64 %d\n", index, tag, u)
+
+		case WireVarint:
+			u, err = p.DecodeVarint()
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Printf("%3d: t=%3d varint err %v\n", index, tag, err)
+				break out
+			}
+			fmt.Printf("%3d: t=%3d varint %d\n", index, tag, u)
+
+		case WireStartGroup:
+			fmt.Printf("%3d: t=%3d start\n", index, tag)
+			depth++
+
+		case WireEndGroup:
+			depth--
+			fmt.Printf("%3d: t=%3d end\n", index, tag)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if depth != 0 {
+		fmt.Printf("%3d: start-end not balanced %d\n", p.index, depth)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+
+	p.buf = obuf
+	p.index = sindex
+}
+
+// SetDefaults sets unset protocol buffer fields to their default values.
+// It only modifies fields that are both unset and have defined defaults.
+// It recursively sets default values in any non-nil sub-messages.
+func SetDefaults(pb Message) {
+	setDefaults(reflect.ValueOf(pb), true, false)
+}
+
+// v is a struct.
+func setDefaults(v reflect.Value, recur, zeros bool) {
+	if v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		v = v.Elem()
+	}
+
+	defaultMu.RLock()
+	dm, ok := defaults[v.Type()]
+	defaultMu.RUnlock()
+	if !ok {
+		dm = buildDefaultMessage(v.Type())
+		defaultMu.Lock()
+		defaults[v.Type()] = dm
+		defaultMu.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	for _, sf := range dm.scalars {
+		f := v.Field(sf.index)
+		if !f.IsNil() {
+			// field already set
+			continue
+		}
+		dv := sf.value
+		if dv == nil && !zeros {
+			// no explicit default, and don't want to set zeros
+			continue
+		}
+		fptr := f.Addr().Interface() // **T
+		// TODO: Consider batching the allocations we do here.
+		switch sf.kind {
+		case reflect.Bool:
+			b := new(bool)
+			if dv != nil {
+				*b = dv.(bool)
+			}
+			*(fptr.(**bool)) = b
+		case reflect.Float32:
+			f := new(float32)
+			if dv != nil {
+				*f = dv.(float32)
+			}
+			*(fptr.(**float32)) = f
+		case reflect.Float64:
+			f := new(float64)
+			if dv != nil {
+				*f = dv.(float64)
+			}
+			*(fptr.(**float64)) = f
+		case reflect.Int32:
+			// might be an enum
+			if ft := f.Type(); ft != int32PtrType {
+				// enum
+				f.Set(reflect.New(ft.Elem()))
+				if dv != nil {
+					f.Elem().SetInt(int64(dv.(int32)))
+				}
+			} else {
+				// int32 field
+				i := new(int32)
+				if dv != nil {
+					*i = dv.(int32)
+				}
+				*(fptr.(**int32)) = i
+			}
+		case reflect.Int64:
+			i := new(int64)
+			if dv != nil {
+				*i = dv.(int64)
+			}
+			*(fptr.(**int64)) = i
+		case reflect.String:
+			s := new(string)
+			if dv != nil {
+				*s = dv.(string)
+			}
+			*(fptr.(**string)) = s
+		case reflect.Uint8:
+			// exceptional case: []byte
+			var b []byte
+			if dv != nil {
+				db := dv.([]byte)
+				b = make([]byte, len(db))
+				copy(b, db)
+			} else {
+				b = []byte{}
+			}
+			*(fptr.(*[]byte)) = b
+		case reflect.Uint32:
+			u := new(uint32)
+			if dv != nil {
+				*u = dv.(uint32)
+			}
+			*(fptr.(**uint32)) = u
+		case reflect.Uint64:
+			u := new(uint64)
+			if dv != nil {
+				*u = dv.(uint64)
+			}
+			*(fptr.(**uint64)) = u
+		default:
+			log.Printf("proto: can't set default for field %v (sf.kind=%v)", f, sf.kind)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, ni := range dm.nested {
+		f := v.Field(ni)
+		// f is *T or T or []*T or []T
+		switch f.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Struct:
+			setDefaults(f, recur, zeros)
+
+		case reflect.Ptr:
+			if f.IsNil() {
+				continue
+			}
+			setDefaults(f, recur, zeros)
+
+		case reflect.Slice:
+			for i := 0; i < f.Len(); i++ {
+				e := f.Index(i)
+				if e.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && e.IsNil() {
+					continue
+				}
+				setDefaults(e, recur, zeros)
+			}
+
+		case reflect.Map:
+			for _, k := range f.MapKeys() {
+				e := f.MapIndex(k)
+				if e.IsNil() {
+					continue
+				}
+				setDefaults(e, recur, zeros)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	// defaults maps a protocol buffer struct type to a slice of the fields,
+	// with its scalar fields set to their proto-declared non-zero default values.
+	defaultMu sync.RWMutex
+	defaults  = make(map[reflect.Type]defaultMessage)
+
+	int32PtrType = reflect.TypeOf((*int32)(nil))
+)
+
+// defaultMessage represents information about the default values of a message.
+type defaultMessage struct {
+	scalars []scalarField
+	nested  []int // struct field index of nested messages
+}
+
+type scalarField struct {
+	index int          // struct field index
+	kind  reflect.Kind // element type (the T in *T or []T)
+	value interface{}  // the proto-declared default value, or nil
+}
+
+// t is a struct type.
+func buildDefaultMessage(t reflect.Type) (dm defaultMessage) {
+	sprop := GetProperties(t)
+	for _, prop := range sprop.Prop {
+		fi, ok := sprop.decoderTags.get(prop.Tag)
+		if !ok {
+			// XXX_unrecognized
+			continue
+		}
+		ft := t.Field(fi).Type
+
+		sf, nested, err := fieldDefault(ft, prop)
+		switch {
+		case err != nil:
+			log.Print(err)
+		case nested:
+			dm.nested = append(dm.nested, fi)
+		case sf != nil:
+			sf.index = fi
+			dm.scalars = append(dm.scalars, *sf)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return dm
+}
+
+// fieldDefault returns the scalarField for field type ft.
+// sf will be nil if the field can not have a default.
+// nestedMessage will be true if this is a nested message.
+// Note that sf.index is not set on return.
+func fieldDefault(ft reflect.Type, prop *Properties) (sf *scalarField, nestedMessage bool, err error) {
+	var canHaveDefault bool
+	switch ft.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		nestedMessage = true // non-nullable
+
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		if ft.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+			nestedMessage = true
+		} else {
+			canHaveDefault = true // proto2 scalar field
+		}
+
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		switch ft.Elem().Kind() {
+		case reflect.Ptr, reflect.Struct:
+			nestedMessage = true // repeated message
+		case reflect.Uint8:
+			canHaveDefault = true // bytes field
+		}
+
+	case reflect.Map:
+		if ft.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			nestedMessage = true // map with message values
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !canHaveDefault {
+		if nestedMessage {
+			return nil, true, nil
+		}
+		return nil, false, nil
+	}
+
+	// We now know that ft is a pointer or slice.
+	sf = &scalarField{kind: ft.Elem().Kind()}
+
+	// scalar fields without defaults
+	if !prop.HasDefault {
+		return sf, false, nil
+	}
+
+	// a scalar field: either *T or []byte
+	switch ft.Elem().Kind() {
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		x, err := strconv.ParseBool(prop.Default)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("proto: bad default bool %q: %v", prop.Default, err)
+		}
+		sf.value = x
+	case reflect.Float32:
+		x, err := strconv.ParseFloat(prop.Default, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("proto: bad default float32 %q: %v", prop.Default, err)
+		}
+		sf.value = float32(x)
+	case reflect.Float64:
+		x, err := strconv.ParseFloat(prop.Default, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("proto: bad default float64 %q: %v", prop.Default, err)
+		}
+		sf.value = x
+	case reflect.Int32:
+		x, err := strconv.ParseInt(prop.Default, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("proto: bad default int32 %q: %v", prop.Default, err)
+		}
+		sf.value = int32(x)
+	case reflect.Int64:
+		x, err := strconv.ParseInt(prop.Default, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("proto: bad default int64 %q: %v", prop.Default, err)
+		}
+		sf.value = x
+	case reflect.String:
+		sf.value = prop.Default
+	case reflect.Uint8:
+		// []byte (not *uint8)
+		sf.value = []byte(prop.Default)
+	case reflect.Uint32:
+		x, err := strconv.ParseUint(prop.Default, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("proto: bad default uint32 %q: %v", prop.Default, err)
+		}
+		sf.value = uint32(x)
+	case reflect.Uint64:
+		x, err := strconv.ParseUint(prop.Default, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("proto: bad default uint64 %q: %v", prop.Default, err)
+		}
+		sf.value = x
+	default:
+		return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("proto: unhandled def kind %v", ft.Elem().Kind())
+	}
+
+	return sf, false, nil
+}
+
+// mapKeys returns a sort.Interface to be used for sorting the map keys.
+// Map fields may have key types of non-float scalars, strings and enums.
+func mapKeys(vs []reflect.Value) sort.Interface {
+	s := mapKeySorter{vs: vs}
+
+	// Type specialization per https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto#maps.
+	if len(vs) == 0 {
+		return s
+	}
+	switch vs[0].Kind() {
+	case reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		s.less = func(a, b reflect.Value) bool { return a.Int() < b.Int() }
+	case reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		s.less = func(a, b reflect.Value) bool { return a.Uint() < b.Uint() }
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		s.less = func(a, b reflect.Value) bool { return !a.Bool() && b.Bool() } // false < true
+	case reflect.String:
+		s.less = func(a, b reflect.Value) bool { return a.String() < b.String() }
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unsupported map key type: %v", vs[0].Kind()))
+	}
+
+	return s
+}
+
+type mapKeySorter struct {
+	vs   []reflect.Value
+	less func(a, b reflect.Value) bool
+}
+
+func (s mapKeySorter) Len() int      { return len(s.vs) }
+func (s mapKeySorter) Swap(i, j int) { s.vs[i], s.vs[j] = s.vs[j], s.vs[i] }
+func (s mapKeySorter) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	return s.less(s.vs[i], s.vs[j])
+}
+
+// isProto3Zero reports whether v is a zero proto3 value.
+func isProto3Zero(v reflect.Value) bool {
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		return !v.Bool()
+	case reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		return v.Int() == 0
+	case reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		return v.Uint() == 0
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		return v.Float() == 0
+	case reflect.String:
+		return v.String() == ""
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+const (
+	// ProtoPackageIsVersion3 is referenced from generated protocol buffer files
+	// to assert that that code is compatible with this version of the proto package.
+	GoGoProtoPackageIsVersion3 = true
+
+	// ProtoPackageIsVersion2 is referenced from generated protocol buffer files
+	// to assert that that code is compatible with this version of the proto package.
+	GoGoProtoPackageIsVersion2 = true
+
+	// ProtoPackageIsVersion1 is referenced from generated protocol buffer files
+	// to assert that that code is compatible with this version of the proto package.
+	GoGoProtoPackageIsVersion1 = true
+)
+
+// InternalMessageInfo is a type used internally by generated .pb.go files.
+// This type is not intended to be used by non-generated code.
+// This type is not subject to any compatibility guarantee.
+type InternalMessageInfo struct {
+	marshal   *marshalInfo
+	unmarshal *unmarshalInfo
+	merge     *mergeInfo
+	discard   *discardInfo
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2013, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+type Sizer interface {
+	Size() int
+}
+
+type ProtoSizer interface {
+	ProtoSize() int
+}
+
+func MarshalJSONEnum(m map[int32]string, value int32) ([]byte, error) {
+	s, ok := m[value]
+	if !ok {
+		s = strconv.Itoa(int(value))
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(s)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+/*
+ * Support for message sets.
+ */
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+)
+
+// errNoMessageTypeID occurs when a protocol buffer does not have a message type ID.
+// A message type ID is required for storing a protocol buffer in a message set.
+var errNoMessageTypeID = errors.New("proto does not have a message type ID")
+
+// The first two types (_MessageSet_Item and messageSet)
+// model what the protocol compiler produces for the following protocol message:
+//   message MessageSet {
+//     repeated group Item = 1 {
+//       required int32 type_id = 2;
+//       required string message = 3;
+//     };
+//   }
+// That is the MessageSet wire format. We can't use a proto to generate these
+// because that would introduce a circular dependency between it and this package.
+
+type _MessageSet_Item struct {
+	TypeId  *int32 `protobuf:"varint,2,req,name=type_id"`
+	Message []byte `protobuf:"bytes,3,req,name=message"`
+}
+
+type messageSet struct {
+	Item             []*_MessageSet_Item `protobuf:"group,1,rep"`
+	XXX_unrecognized []byte
+	// TODO: caching?
+}
+
+// Make sure messageSet is a Message.
+var _ Message = (*messageSet)(nil)
+
+// messageTypeIder is an interface satisfied by a protocol buffer type
+// that may be stored in a MessageSet.
+type messageTypeIder interface {
+	MessageTypeId() int32
+}
+
+func (ms *messageSet) find(pb Message) *_MessageSet_Item {
+	mti, ok := pb.(messageTypeIder)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	id := mti.MessageTypeId()
+	for _, item := range ms.Item {
+		if *item.TypeId == id {
+			return item
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ms *messageSet) Has(pb Message) bool {
+	return ms.find(pb) != nil
+}
+
+func (ms *messageSet) Unmarshal(pb Message) error {
+	if item := ms.find(pb); item != nil {
+		return Unmarshal(item.Message, pb)
+	}
+	if _, ok := pb.(messageTypeIder); !ok {
+		return errNoMessageTypeID
+	}
+	return nil // TODO: return error instead?
+}
+
+func (ms *messageSet) Marshal(pb Message) error {
+	msg, err := Marshal(pb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if item := ms.find(pb); item != nil {
+		// reuse existing item
+		item.Message = msg
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	mti, ok := pb.(messageTypeIder)
+	if !ok {
+		return errNoMessageTypeID
+	}
+
+	mtid := mti.MessageTypeId()
+	ms.Item = append(ms.Item, &_MessageSet_Item{
+		TypeId:  &mtid,
+		Message: msg,
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ms *messageSet) Reset()         { *ms = messageSet{} }
+func (ms *messageSet) String() string { return CompactTextString(ms) }
+func (*messageSet) ProtoMessage()     {}
+
+// Support for the message_set_wire_format message option.
+
+func skipVarint(buf []byte) []byte {
+	i := 0
+	for ; buf[i]&0x80 != 0; i++ {
+	}
+	return buf[i+1:]
+}
+
+// unmarshalMessageSet decodes the extension map encoded in buf in the message set wire format.
+// It is called by Unmarshal methods on protocol buffer messages with the message_set_wire_format option.
+func unmarshalMessageSet(buf []byte, exts interface{}) error {
+	var m map[int32]Extension
+	switch exts := exts.(type) {
+	case *XXX_InternalExtensions:
+		m = exts.extensionsWrite()
+	case map[int32]Extension:
+		m = exts
+	default:
+		return errors.New("proto: not an extension map")
+	}
+
+	ms := new(messageSet)
+	if err := Unmarshal(buf, ms); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, item := range ms.Item {
+		id := *item.TypeId
+		msg := item.Message
+
+		// Restore wire type and field number varint, plus length varint.
+		// Be careful to preserve duplicate items.
+		b := EncodeVarint(uint64(id)<<3 | WireBytes)
+		if ext, ok := m[id]; ok {
+			// Existing data; rip off the tag and length varint
+			// so we join the new data correctly.
+			// We can assume that ext.enc is set because we are unmarshaling.
+			o := ext.enc[len(b):]   // skip wire type and field number
+			_, n := DecodeVarint(o) // calculate length of length varint
+			o = o[n:]               // skip length varint
+			msg = append(o, msg...) // join old data and new data
+		}
+		b = append(b, EncodeVarint(uint64(len(msg)))...)
+		b = append(b, msg...)
+
+		m[id] = Extension{enc: b}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2012 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// +build purego appengine js
+
+// This file contains an implementation of proto field accesses using package reflect.
+// It is slower than the code in pointer_unsafe.go but it avoids package unsafe and can
+// be used on App Engine.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+const unsafeAllowed = false
+
+// A field identifies a field in a struct, accessible from a pointer.
+// In this implementation, a field is identified by the sequence of field indices
+// passed to reflect's FieldByIndex.
+type field []int
+
+// toField returns a field equivalent to the given reflect field.
+func toField(f *reflect.StructField) field {
+	return f.Index
+}
+
+// invalidField is an invalid field identifier.
+var invalidField = field(nil)
+
+// zeroField is a noop when calling pointer.offset.
+var zeroField = field([]int{})
+
+// IsValid reports whether the field identifier is valid.
+func (f field) IsValid() bool { return f != nil }
+
+// The pointer type is for the table-driven decoder.
+// The implementation here uses a reflect.Value of pointer type to
+// create a generic pointer. In pointer_unsafe.go we use unsafe
+// instead of reflect to implement the same (but faster) interface.
+type pointer struct {
+	v reflect.Value
+}
+
+// toPointer converts an interface of pointer type to a pointer
+// that points to the same target.
+func toPointer(i *Message) pointer {
+	return pointer{v: reflect.ValueOf(*i)}
+}
+
+// toAddrPointer converts an interface to a pointer that points to
+// the interface data.
+func toAddrPointer(i *interface{}, isptr bool) pointer {
+	v := reflect.ValueOf(*i)
+	u := reflect.New(v.Type())
+	u.Elem().Set(v)
+	return pointer{v: u}
+}
+
+// valToPointer converts v to a pointer.  v must be of pointer type.
+func valToPointer(v reflect.Value) pointer {
+	return pointer{v: v}
+}
+
+// offset converts from a pointer to a structure to a pointer to
+// one of its fields.
+func (p pointer) offset(f field) pointer {
+	return pointer{v: p.v.Elem().FieldByIndex(f).Addr()}
+}
+
+func (p pointer) isNil() bool {
+	return p.v.IsNil()
+}
+
+// grow updates the slice s in place to make it one element longer.
+// s must be addressable.
+// Returns the (addressable) new element.
+func grow(s reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
+	n, m := s.Len(), s.Cap()
+	if n < m {
+		s.SetLen(n + 1)
+	} else {
+		s.Set(reflect.Append(s, reflect.Zero(s.Type().Elem())))
+	}
+	return s.Index(n)
+}
+
+func (p pointer) toInt64() *int64 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*int64)
+}
+func (p pointer) toInt64Ptr() **int64 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(**int64)
+}
+func (p pointer) toInt64Slice() *[]int64 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*[]int64)
+}
+
+var int32ptr = reflect.TypeOf((*int32)(nil))
+
+func (p pointer) toInt32() *int32 {
+	return p.v.Convert(int32ptr).Interface().(*int32)
+}
+
+// The toInt32Ptr/Slice methods don't work because of enums.
+// Instead, we must use set/get methods for the int32ptr/slice case.
+/*
+	func (p pointer) toInt32Ptr() **int32 {
+		return p.v.Interface().(**int32)
+}
+	func (p pointer) toInt32Slice() *[]int32 {
+		return p.v.Interface().(*[]int32)
+}
+*/
+func (p pointer) getInt32Ptr() *int32 {
+	if p.v.Type().Elem().Elem() == reflect.TypeOf(int32(0)) {
+		// raw int32 type
+		return p.v.Elem().Interface().(*int32)
+	}
+	// an enum
+	return p.v.Elem().Convert(int32PtrType).Interface().(*int32)
+}
+func (p pointer) setInt32Ptr(v int32) {
+	// Allocate value in a *int32. Possibly convert that to a *enum.
+	// Then assign it to a **int32 or **enum.
+	// Note: we can convert *int32 to *enum, but we can't convert
+	// **int32 to **enum!
+	p.v.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(&v).Convert(p.v.Type().Elem()))
+}
+
+// getInt32Slice copies []int32 from p as a new slice.
+// This behavior differs from the implementation in pointer_unsafe.go.
+func (p pointer) getInt32Slice() []int32 {
+	if p.v.Type().Elem().Elem() == reflect.TypeOf(int32(0)) {
+		// raw int32 type
+		return p.v.Elem().Interface().([]int32)
+	}
+	// an enum
+	// Allocate a []int32, then assign []enum's values into it.
+	// Note: we can't convert []enum to []int32.
+	slice := p.v.Elem()
+	s := make([]int32, slice.Len())
+	for i := 0; i < slice.Len(); i++ {
+		s[i] = int32(slice.Index(i).Int())
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// setInt32Slice copies []int32 into p as a new slice.
+// This behavior differs from the implementation in pointer_unsafe.go.
+func (p pointer) setInt32Slice(v []int32) {
+	if p.v.Type().Elem().Elem() == reflect.TypeOf(int32(0)) {
+		// raw int32 type
+		p.v.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(v))
+		return
+	}
+	// an enum
+	// Allocate a []enum, then assign []int32's values into it.
+	// Note: we can't convert []enum to []int32.
+	slice := reflect.MakeSlice(p.v.Type().Elem(), len(v), cap(v))
+	for i, x := range v {
+		slice.Index(i).SetInt(int64(x))
+	}
+	p.v.Elem().Set(slice)
+}
+func (p pointer) appendInt32Slice(v int32) {
+	grow(p.v.Elem()).SetInt(int64(v))
+}
+
+func (p pointer) toUint64() *uint64 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*uint64)
+}
+func (p pointer) toUint64Ptr() **uint64 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(**uint64)
+}
+func (p pointer) toUint64Slice() *[]uint64 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*[]uint64)
+}
+func (p pointer) toUint32() *uint32 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*uint32)
+}
+func (p pointer) toUint32Ptr() **uint32 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(**uint32)
+}
+func (p pointer) toUint32Slice() *[]uint32 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*[]uint32)
+}
+func (p pointer) toBool() *bool {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*bool)
+}
+func (p pointer) toBoolPtr() **bool {
+	return p.v.Interface().(**bool)
+}
+func (p pointer) toBoolSlice() *[]bool {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*[]bool)
+}
+func (p pointer) toFloat64() *float64 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*float64)
+}
+func (p pointer) toFloat64Ptr() **float64 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(**float64)
+}
+func (p pointer) toFloat64Slice() *[]float64 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*[]float64)
+}
+func (p pointer) toFloat32() *float32 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*float32)
+}
+func (p pointer) toFloat32Ptr() **float32 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(**float32)
+}
+func (p pointer) toFloat32Slice() *[]float32 {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*[]float32)
+}
+func (p pointer) toString() *string {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*string)
+}
+func (p pointer) toStringPtr() **string {
+	return p.v.Interface().(**string)
+}
+func (p pointer) toStringSlice() *[]string {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*[]string)
+}
+func (p pointer) toBytes() *[]byte {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*[]byte)
+}
+func (p pointer) toBytesSlice() *[][]byte {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*[][]byte)
+}
+func (p pointer) toExtensions() *XXX_InternalExtensions {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*XXX_InternalExtensions)
+}
+func (p pointer) toOldExtensions() *map[int32]Extension {
+	return p.v.Interface().(*map[int32]Extension)
+}
+func (p pointer) getPointer() pointer {
+	return pointer{v: p.v.Elem()}
+}
+func (p pointer) setPointer(q pointer) {
+	p.v.Elem().Set(q.v)
+}
+func (p pointer) appendPointer(q pointer) {
+	grow(p.v.Elem()).Set(q.v)
+}
+
+// getPointerSlice copies []*T from p as a new []pointer.
+// This behavior differs from the implementation in pointer_unsafe.go.
+func (p pointer) getPointerSlice() []pointer {
+	if p.v.IsNil() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	n := p.v.Elem().Len()
+	s := make([]pointer, n)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		s[i] = pointer{v: p.v.Elem().Index(i)}
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// setPointerSlice copies []pointer into p as a new []*T.
+// This behavior differs from the implementation in pointer_unsafe.go.
+func (p pointer) setPointerSlice(v []pointer) {
+	if v == nil {
+		p.v.Elem().Set(reflect.New(p.v.Elem().Type()).Elem())
+		return
+	}
+	s := reflect.MakeSlice(p.v.Elem().Type(), 0, len(v))
+	for _, p := range v {
+		s = reflect.Append(s, p.v)
+	}
+	p.v.Elem().Set(s)
+}
+
+// getInterfacePointer returns a pointer that points to the
+// interface data of the interface pointed by p.
+func (p pointer) getInterfacePointer() pointer {
+	if p.v.Elem().IsNil() {
+		return pointer{v: p.v.Elem()}
+	}
+	return pointer{v: p.v.Elem().Elem().Elem().Field(0).Addr()} // *interface -> interface -> *struct -> struct
+}
+
+func (p pointer) asPointerTo(t reflect.Type) reflect.Value {
+	// TODO: check that p.v.Type().Elem() == t?
+	return p.v
+}
+
+func atomicLoadUnmarshalInfo(p **unmarshalInfo) *unmarshalInfo {
+	atomicLock.Lock()
+	defer atomicLock.Unlock()
+	return *p
+}
+func atomicStoreUnmarshalInfo(p **unmarshalInfo, v *unmarshalInfo) {
+	atomicLock.Lock()
+	defer atomicLock.Unlock()
+	*p = v
+}
+func atomicLoadMarshalInfo(p **marshalInfo) *marshalInfo {
+	atomicLock.Lock()
+	defer atomicLock.Unlock()
+	return *p
+}
+func atomicStoreMarshalInfo(p **marshalInfo, v *marshalInfo) {
+	atomicLock.Lock()
+	defer atomicLock.Unlock()
+	*p = v
+}
+func atomicLoadMergeInfo(p **mergeInfo) *mergeInfo {
+	atomicLock.Lock()
+	defer atomicLock.Unlock()
+	return *p
+}
+func atomicStoreMergeInfo(p **mergeInfo, v *mergeInfo) {
+	atomicLock.Lock()
+	defer atomicLock.Unlock()
+	*p = v
+}
+func atomicLoadDiscardInfo(p **discardInfo) *discardInfo {
+	atomicLock.Lock()
+	defer atomicLock.Unlock()
+	return *p
+}
+func atomicStoreDiscardInfo(p **discardInfo, v *discardInfo) {
+	atomicLock.Lock()
+	defer atomicLock.Unlock()
+	*p = v
+}
+
+var atomicLock sync.Mutex
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2018, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// +build purego appengine js
+
+// This file contains an implementation of proto field accesses using package reflect.
+// It is slower than the code in pointer_unsafe.go but it avoids package unsafe and can
+// be used on App Engine.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+// TODO: untested, so probably incorrect.
+
+func (p pointer) getRef() pointer {
+	return pointer{v: p.v.Addr()}
+}
+
+func (p pointer) appendRef(v pointer, typ reflect.Type) {
+	slice := p.getSlice(typ)
+	elem := v.asPointerTo(typ).Elem()
+	newSlice := reflect.Append(slice, elem)
+	slice.Set(newSlice)
+}
+
+func (p pointer) getSlice(typ reflect.Type) reflect.Value {
+	sliceTyp := reflect.SliceOf(typ)
+	slice := p.asPointerTo(sliceTyp)
+	slice = slice.Elem()
+	return slice
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2012 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// +build !purego,!appengine,!js
+
+// This file contains the implementation of the proto field accesses using package unsafe.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+const unsafeAllowed = true
+
+// A field identifies a field in a struct, accessible from a pointer.
+// In this implementation, a field is identified by its byte offset from the start of the struct.
+type field uintptr
+
+// toField returns a field equivalent to the given reflect field.
+func toField(f *reflect.StructField) field {
+	return field(f.Offset)
+}
+
+// invalidField is an invalid field identifier.
+const invalidField = ^field(0)
+
+// zeroField is a noop when calling pointer.offset.
+const zeroField = field(0)
+
+// IsValid reports whether the field identifier is valid.
+func (f field) IsValid() bool {
+	return f != invalidField
+}
+
+// The pointer type below is for the new table-driven encoder/decoder.
+// The implementation here uses unsafe.Pointer to create a generic pointer.
+// In pointer_reflect.go we use reflect instead of unsafe to implement
+// the same (but slower) interface.
+type pointer struct {
+	p unsafe.Pointer
+}
+
+// size of pointer
+var ptrSize = unsafe.Sizeof(uintptr(0))
+
+// toPointer converts an interface of pointer type to a pointer
+// that points to the same target.
+func toPointer(i *Message) pointer {
+	// Super-tricky - read pointer out of data word of interface value.
+	// Saves ~25ns over the equivalent:
+	// return valToPointer(reflect.ValueOf(*i))
+	return pointer{p: (*[2]unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(i))[1]}
+}
+
+// toAddrPointer converts an interface to a pointer that points to
+// the interface data.
+func toAddrPointer(i *interface{}, isptr bool) pointer {
+	// Super-tricky - read or get the address of data word of interface value.
+	if isptr {
+		// The interface is of pointer type, thus it is a direct interface.
+		// The data word is the pointer data itself. We take its address.
+		return pointer{p: unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(i)) + ptrSize)}
+	}
+	// The interface is not of pointer type. The data word is the pointer
+	// to the data.
+	return pointer{p: (*[2]unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(i))[1]}
+}
+
+// valToPointer converts v to a pointer. v must be of pointer type.
+func valToPointer(v reflect.Value) pointer {
+	return pointer{p: unsafe.Pointer(v.Pointer())}
+}
+
+// offset converts from a pointer to a structure to a pointer to
+// one of its fields.
+func (p pointer) offset(f field) pointer {
+	// For safety, we should panic if !f.IsValid, however calling panic causes
+	// this to no longer be inlineable, which is a serious performance cost.
+	/*
+		if !f.IsValid() {
+			panic("invalid field")
+		}
+	*/
+	return pointer{p: unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(p.p) + uintptr(f))}
+}
+
+func (p pointer) isNil() bool {
+	return p.p == nil
+}
+
+func (p pointer) toInt64() *int64 {
+	return (*int64)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toInt64Ptr() **int64 {
+	return (**int64)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toInt64Slice() *[]int64 {
+	return (*[]int64)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toInt32() *int32 {
+	return (*int32)(p.p)
+}
+
+// See pointer_reflect.go for why toInt32Ptr/Slice doesn't exist.
+/*
+	func (p pointer) toInt32Ptr() **int32 {
+		return (**int32)(p.p)
+	}
+	func (p pointer) toInt32Slice() *[]int32 {
+		return (*[]int32)(p.p)
+	}
+*/
+func (p pointer) getInt32Ptr() *int32 {
+	return *(**int32)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) setInt32Ptr(v int32) {
+	*(**int32)(p.p) = &v
+}
+
+// getInt32Slice loads a []int32 from p.
+// The value returned is aliased with the original slice.
+// This behavior differs from the implementation in pointer_reflect.go.
+func (p pointer) getInt32Slice() []int32 {
+	return *(*[]int32)(p.p)
+}
+
+// setInt32Slice stores a []int32 to p.
+// The value set is aliased with the input slice.
+// This behavior differs from the implementation in pointer_reflect.go.
+func (p pointer) setInt32Slice(v []int32) {
+	*(*[]int32)(p.p) = v
+}
+
+// TODO: Can we get rid of appendInt32Slice and use setInt32Slice instead?
+func (p pointer) appendInt32Slice(v int32) {
+	s := (*[]int32)(p.p)
+	*s = append(*s, v)
+}
+
+func (p pointer) toUint64() *uint64 {
+	return (*uint64)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toUint64Ptr() **uint64 {
+	return (**uint64)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toUint64Slice() *[]uint64 {
+	return (*[]uint64)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toUint32() *uint32 {
+	return (*uint32)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toUint32Ptr() **uint32 {
+	return (**uint32)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toUint32Slice() *[]uint32 {
+	return (*[]uint32)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toBool() *bool {
+	return (*bool)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toBoolPtr() **bool {
+	return (**bool)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toBoolSlice() *[]bool {
+	return (*[]bool)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toFloat64() *float64 {
+	return (*float64)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toFloat64Ptr() **float64 {
+	return (**float64)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toFloat64Slice() *[]float64 {
+	return (*[]float64)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toFloat32() *float32 {
+	return (*float32)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toFloat32Ptr() **float32 {
+	return (**float32)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toFloat32Slice() *[]float32 {
+	return (*[]float32)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toString() *string {
+	return (*string)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toStringPtr() **string {
+	return (**string)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toStringSlice() *[]string {
+	return (*[]string)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toBytes() *[]byte {
+	return (*[]byte)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toBytesSlice() *[][]byte {
+	return (*[][]byte)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toExtensions() *XXX_InternalExtensions {
+	return (*XXX_InternalExtensions)(p.p)
+}
+func (p pointer) toOldExtensions() *map[int32]Extension {
+	return (*map[int32]Extension)(p.p)
+}
+
+// getPointerSlice loads []*T from p as a []pointer.
+// The value returned is aliased with the original slice.
+// This behavior differs from the implementation in pointer_reflect.go.
+func (p pointer) getPointerSlice() []pointer {
+	// Super-tricky - p should point to a []*T where T is a
+	// message type. We load it as []pointer.
+	return *(*[]pointer)(p.p)
+}
+
+// setPointerSlice stores []pointer into p as a []*T.
+// The value set is aliased with the input slice.
+// This behavior differs from the implementation in pointer_reflect.go.
+func (p pointer) setPointerSlice(v []pointer) {
+	// Super-tricky - p should point to a []*T where T is a
+	// message type. We store it as []pointer.
+	*(*[]pointer)(p.p) = v
+}
+
+// getPointer loads the pointer at p and returns it.
+func (p pointer) getPointer() pointer {
+	return pointer{p: *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p.p)}
+}
+
+// setPointer stores the pointer q at p.
+func (p pointer) setPointer(q pointer) {
+	*(*unsafe.Pointer)(p.p) = q.p
+}
+
+// append q to the slice pointed to by p.
+func (p pointer) appendPointer(q pointer) {
+	s := (*[]unsafe.Pointer)(p.p)
+	*s = append(*s, q.p)
+}
+
+// getInterfacePointer returns a pointer that points to the
+// interface data of the interface pointed by p.
+func (p pointer) getInterfacePointer() pointer {
+	// Super-tricky - read pointer out of data word of interface value.
+	return pointer{p: (*(*[2]unsafe.Pointer)(p.p))[1]}
+}
+
+// asPointerTo returns a reflect.Value that is a pointer to an
+// object of type t stored at p.
+func (p pointer) asPointerTo(t reflect.Type) reflect.Value {
+	return reflect.NewAt(t, p.p)
+}
+
+func atomicLoadUnmarshalInfo(p **unmarshalInfo) *unmarshalInfo {
+	return (*unmarshalInfo)(atomic.LoadPointer((*unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(p))))
+}
+func atomicStoreUnmarshalInfo(p **unmarshalInfo, v *unmarshalInfo) {
+	atomic.StorePointer((*unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(p)), unsafe.Pointer(v))
+}
+func atomicLoadMarshalInfo(p **marshalInfo) *marshalInfo {
+	return (*marshalInfo)(atomic.LoadPointer((*unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(p))))
+}
+func atomicStoreMarshalInfo(p **marshalInfo, v *marshalInfo) {
+	atomic.StorePointer((*unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(p)), unsafe.Pointer(v))
+}
+func atomicLoadMergeInfo(p **mergeInfo) *mergeInfo {
+	return (*mergeInfo)(atomic.LoadPointer((*unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(p))))
+}
+func atomicStoreMergeInfo(p **mergeInfo, v *mergeInfo) {
+	atomic.StorePointer((*unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(p)), unsafe.Pointer(v))
+}
+func atomicLoadDiscardInfo(p **discardInfo) *discardInfo {
+	return (*discardInfo)(atomic.LoadPointer((*unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(p))))
+}
+func atomicStoreDiscardInfo(p **discardInfo, v *discardInfo) {
+	atomic.StorePointer((*unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(p)), unsafe.Pointer(v))
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2018, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// +build !purego,!appengine,!js
+
+// This file contains the implementation of the proto field accesses using package unsafe.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+func (p pointer) getRef() pointer {
+	return pointer{p: (unsafe.Pointer)(&p.p)}
+}
+
+func (p pointer) appendRef(v pointer, typ reflect.Type) {
+	slice := p.getSlice(typ)
+	elem := v.asPointerTo(typ).Elem()
+	newSlice := reflect.Append(slice, elem)
+	slice.Set(newSlice)
+}
+
+func (p pointer) getSlice(typ reflect.Type) reflect.Value {
+	sliceTyp := reflect.SliceOf(typ)
+	slice := p.asPointerTo(sliceTyp)
+	slice = slice.Elem()
+	return slice
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2013, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+/*
+ * Routines for encoding data into the wire format for protocol buffers.
+ */
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+const debug bool = false
+
+// Constants that identify the encoding of a value on the wire.
+const (
+	WireVarint     = 0
+	WireFixed64    = 1
+	WireBytes      = 2
+	WireStartGroup = 3
+	WireEndGroup   = 4
+	WireFixed32    = 5
+)
+
+// tagMap is an optimization over map[int]int for typical protocol buffer
+// use-cases. Encoded protocol buffers are often in tag order with small tag
+// numbers.
+type tagMap struct {
+	fastTags []int
+	slowTags map[int]int
+}
+
+// tagMapFastLimit is the upper bound on the tag number that will be stored in
+// the tagMap slice rather than its map.
+const tagMapFastLimit = 1024
+
+func (p *tagMap) get(t int) (int, bool) {
+	if t > 0 && t < tagMapFastLimit {
+		if t >= len(p.fastTags) {
+			return 0, false
+		}
+		fi := p.fastTags[t]
+		return fi, fi >= 0
+	}
+	fi, ok := p.slowTags[t]
+	return fi, ok
+}
+
+func (p *tagMap) put(t int, fi int) {
+	if t > 0 && t < tagMapFastLimit {
+		for len(p.fastTags) < t+1 {
+			p.fastTags = append(p.fastTags, -1)
+		}
+		p.fastTags[t] = fi
+		return
+	}
+	if p.slowTags == nil {
+		p.slowTags = make(map[int]int)
+	}
+	p.slowTags[t] = fi
+}
+
+// StructProperties represents properties for all the fields of a struct.
+// decoderTags and decoderOrigNames should only be used by the decoder.
+type StructProperties struct {
+	Prop             []*Properties  // properties for each field
+	reqCount         int            // required count
+	decoderTags      tagMap         // map from proto tag to struct field number
+	decoderOrigNames map[string]int // map from original name to struct field number
+	order            []int          // list of struct field numbers in tag order
+
+	// OneofTypes contains information about the oneof fields in this message.
+	// It is keyed by the original name of a field.
+	OneofTypes map[string]*OneofProperties
+}
+
+// OneofProperties represents information about a specific field in a oneof.
+type OneofProperties struct {
+	Type  reflect.Type // pointer to generated struct type for this oneof field
+	Field int          // struct field number of the containing oneof in the message
+	Prop  *Properties
+}
+
+// Implement the sorting interface so we can sort the fields in tag order, as recommended by the spec.
+// See encode.go, (*Buffer).enc_struct.
+
+func (sp *StructProperties) Len() int { return len(sp.order) }
+func (sp *StructProperties) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	return sp.Prop[sp.order[i]].Tag < sp.Prop[sp.order[j]].Tag
+}
+func (sp *StructProperties) Swap(i, j int) { sp.order[i], sp.order[j] = sp.order[j], sp.order[i] }
+
+// Properties represents the protocol-specific behavior of a single struct field.
+type Properties struct {
+	Name     string // name of the field, for error messages
+	OrigName string // original name before protocol compiler (always set)
+	JSONName string // name to use for JSON; determined by protoc
+	Wire     string
+	WireType int
+	Tag      int
+	Required bool
+	Optional bool
+	Repeated bool
+	Packed   bool   // relevant for repeated primitives only
+	Enum     string // set for enum types only
+	proto3   bool   // whether this is known to be a proto3 field
+	oneof    bool   // whether this is a oneof field
+
+	Default     string // default value
+	HasDefault  bool   // whether an explicit default was provided
+	CustomType  string
+	CastType    string
+	StdTime     bool
+	StdDuration bool
+	WktPointer  bool
+
+	stype reflect.Type      // set for struct types only
+	ctype reflect.Type      // set for custom types only
+	sprop *StructProperties // set for struct types only
+
+	mtype      reflect.Type // set for map types only
+	MapKeyProp *Properties  // set for map types only
+	MapValProp *Properties  // set for map types only
+}
+
+// String formats the properties in the protobuf struct field tag style.
+func (p *Properties) String() string {
+	s := p.Wire
+	s += ","
+	s += strconv.Itoa(p.Tag)
+	if p.Required {
+		s += ",req"
+	}
+	if p.Optional {
+		s += ",opt"
+	}
+	if p.Repeated {
+		s += ",rep"
+	}
+	if p.Packed {
+		s += ",packed"
+	}
+	s += ",name=" + p.OrigName
+	if p.JSONName != p.OrigName {
+		s += ",json=" + p.JSONName
+	}
+	if p.proto3 {
+		s += ",proto3"
+	}
+	if p.oneof {
+		s += ",oneof"
+	}
+	if len(p.Enum) > 0 {
+		s += ",enum=" + p.Enum
+	}
+	if p.HasDefault {
+		s += ",def=" + p.Default
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// Parse populates p by parsing a string in the protobuf struct field tag style.
+func (p *Properties) Parse(s string) {
+	// "bytes,49,opt,name=foo,def=hello!"
+	fields := strings.Split(s, ",") // breaks def=, but handled below.
+	if len(fields) < 2 {
+		log.Printf("proto: tag has too few fields: %q", s)
+		return
+	}
+
+	p.Wire = fields[0]
+	switch p.Wire {
+	case "varint":
+		p.WireType = WireVarint
+	case "fixed32":
+		p.WireType = WireFixed32
+	case "fixed64":
+		p.WireType = WireFixed64
+	case "zigzag32":
+		p.WireType = WireVarint
+	case "zigzag64":
+		p.WireType = WireVarint
+	case "bytes", "group":
+		p.WireType = WireBytes
+		// no numeric converter for non-numeric types
+	default:
+		log.Printf("proto: tag has unknown wire type: %q", s)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var err error
+	p.Tag, err = strconv.Atoi(fields[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+outer:
+	for i := 2; i < len(fields); i++ {
+		f := fields[i]
+		switch {
+		case f == "req":
+			p.Required = true
+		case f == "opt":
+			p.Optional = true
+		case f == "rep":
+			p.Repeated = true
+		case f == "packed":
+			p.Packed = true
+		case strings.HasPrefix(f, "name="):
+			p.OrigName = f[5:]
+		case strings.HasPrefix(f, "json="):
+			p.JSONName = f[5:]
+		case strings.HasPrefix(f, "enum="):
+			p.Enum = f[5:]
+		case f == "proto3":
+			p.proto3 = true
+		case f == "oneof":
+			p.oneof = true
+		case strings.HasPrefix(f, "def="):
+			p.HasDefault = true
+			p.Default = f[4:] // rest of string
+			if i+1 < len(fields) {
+				// Commas aren't escaped, and def is always last.
+				p.Default += "," + strings.Join(fields[i+1:], ",")
+				break outer
+			}
+		case strings.HasPrefix(f, "embedded="):
+			p.OrigName = strings.Split(f, "=")[1]
+		case strings.HasPrefix(f, "customtype="):
+			p.CustomType = strings.Split(f, "=")[1]
+		case strings.HasPrefix(f, "casttype="):
+			p.CastType = strings.Split(f, "=")[1]
+		case f == "stdtime":
+			p.StdTime = true
+		case f == "stdduration":
+			p.StdDuration = true
+		case f == "wktptr":
+			p.WktPointer = true
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var protoMessageType = reflect.TypeOf((*Message)(nil)).Elem()
+
+// setFieldProps initializes the field properties for submessages and maps.
+func (p *Properties) setFieldProps(typ reflect.Type, f *reflect.StructField, lockGetProp bool) {
+	isMap := typ.Kind() == reflect.Map
+	if len(p.CustomType) > 0 && !isMap {
+		p.ctype = typ
+		p.setTag(lockGetProp)
+		return
+	}
+	if p.StdTime && !isMap {
+		p.setTag(lockGetProp)
+		return
+	}
+	if p.StdDuration && !isMap {
+		p.setTag(lockGetProp)
+		return
+	}
+	if p.WktPointer && !isMap {
+		p.setTag(lockGetProp)
+		return
+	}
+	switch t1 := typ; t1.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		p.stype = typ
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		if t1.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+			p.stype = t1.Elem()
+		}
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		switch t2 := t1.Elem(); t2.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Ptr:
+			switch t3 := t2.Elem(); t3.Kind() {
+			case reflect.Struct:
+				p.stype = t3
+			}
+		case reflect.Struct:
+			p.stype = t2
+		}
+
+	case reflect.Map:
+
+		p.mtype = t1
+		p.MapKeyProp = &Properties{}
+		p.MapKeyProp.init(reflect.PtrTo(p.mtype.Key()), "Key", f.Tag.Get("protobuf_key"), nil, lockGetProp)
+		p.MapValProp = &Properties{}
+		vtype := p.mtype.Elem()
+		if vtype.Kind() != reflect.Ptr && vtype.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
+			// The value type is not a message (*T) or bytes ([]byte),
+			// so we need encoders for the pointer to this type.
+			vtype = reflect.PtrTo(vtype)
+		}
+
+		p.MapValProp.CustomType = p.CustomType
+		p.MapValProp.StdDuration = p.StdDuration
+		p.MapValProp.StdTime = p.StdTime
+		p.MapValProp.WktPointer = p.WktPointer
+		p.MapValProp.init(vtype, "Value", f.Tag.Get("protobuf_val"), nil, lockGetProp)
+	}
+	p.setTag(lockGetProp)
+}
+
+func (p *Properties) setTag(lockGetProp bool) {
+	if p.stype != nil {
+		if lockGetProp {
+			p.sprop = GetProperties(p.stype)
+		} else {
+			p.sprop = getPropertiesLocked(p.stype)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	marshalerType = reflect.TypeOf((*Marshaler)(nil)).Elem()
+)
+
+// Init populates the properties from a protocol buffer struct tag.
+func (p *Properties) Init(typ reflect.Type, name, tag string, f *reflect.StructField) {
+	p.init(typ, name, tag, f, true)
+}
+
+func (p *Properties) init(typ reflect.Type, name, tag string, f *reflect.StructField, lockGetProp bool) {
+	// "bytes,49,opt,def=hello!"
+	p.Name = name
+	p.OrigName = name
+	if tag == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	p.Parse(tag)
+	p.setFieldProps(typ, f, lockGetProp)
+}
+
+var (
+	propertiesMu  sync.RWMutex
+	propertiesMap = make(map[reflect.Type]*StructProperties)
+)
+
+// GetProperties returns the list of properties for the type represented by t.
+// t must represent a generated struct type of a protocol message.
+func GetProperties(t reflect.Type) *StructProperties {
+	if t.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		panic("proto: type must have kind struct")
+	}
+
+	// Most calls to GetProperties in a long-running program will be
+	// retrieving details for types we have seen before.
+	propertiesMu.RLock()
+	sprop, ok := propertiesMap[t]
+	propertiesMu.RUnlock()
+	if ok {
+		return sprop
+	}
+
+	propertiesMu.Lock()
+	sprop = getPropertiesLocked(t)
+	propertiesMu.Unlock()
+	return sprop
+}
+
+type (
+	oneofFuncsIface interface {
+		XXX_OneofFuncs() (func(Message, *Buffer) error, func(Message, int, int, *Buffer) (bool, error), func(Message) int, []interface{})
+	}
+	oneofWrappersIface interface {
+		XXX_OneofWrappers() []interface{}
+	}
+)
+
+// getPropertiesLocked requires that propertiesMu is held.
+func getPropertiesLocked(t reflect.Type) *StructProperties {
+	if prop, ok := propertiesMap[t]; ok {
+		return prop
+	}
+
+	prop := new(StructProperties)
+	// in case of recursive protos, fill this in now.
+	propertiesMap[t] = prop
+
+	// build properties
+	prop.Prop = make([]*Properties, t.NumField())
+	prop.order = make([]int, t.NumField())
+
+	isOneofMessage := false
+	for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := t.Field(i)
+		p := new(Properties)
+		name := f.Name
+		p.init(f.Type, name, f.Tag.Get("protobuf"), &f, false)
+
+		oneof := f.Tag.Get("protobuf_oneof") // special case
+		if oneof != "" {
+			isOneofMessage = true
+			// Oneof fields don't use the traditional protobuf tag.
+			p.OrigName = oneof
+		}
+		prop.Prop[i] = p
+		prop.order[i] = i
+		if debug {
+			print(i, " ", f.Name, " ", t.String(), " ")
+			if p.Tag > 0 {
+				print(p.String())
+			}
+			print("\n")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Re-order prop.order.
+	sort.Sort(prop)
+
+	if isOneofMessage {
+		var oots []interface{}
+		switch m := reflect.Zero(reflect.PtrTo(t)).Interface().(type) {
+		case oneofFuncsIface:
+			_, _, _, oots = m.XXX_OneofFuncs()
+		case oneofWrappersIface:
+			oots = m.XXX_OneofWrappers()
+		}
+		if len(oots) > 0 {
+			// Interpret oneof metadata.
+			prop.OneofTypes = make(map[string]*OneofProperties)
+			for _, oot := range oots {
+				oop := &OneofProperties{
+					Type: reflect.ValueOf(oot).Type(), // *T
+					Prop: new(Properties),
+				}
+				sft := oop.Type.Elem().Field(0)
+				oop.Prop.Name = sft.Name
+				oop.Prop.Parse(sft.Tag.Get("protobuf"))
+				// There will be exactly one interface field that
+				// this new value is assignable to.
+				for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
+					f := t.Field(i)
+					if f.Type.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+						continue
+					}
+					if !oop.Type.AssignableTo(f.Type) {
+						continue
+					}
+					oop.Field = i
+					break
+				}
+				prop.OneofTypes[oop.Prop.OrigName] = oop
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// build required counts
+	// build tags
+	reqCount := 0
+	prop.decoderOrigNames = make(map[string]int)
+	for i, p := range prop.Prop {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(p.Name, "XXX_") {
+			// Internal fields should not appear in tags/origNames maps.
+			// They are handled specially when encoding and decoding.
+			continue
+		}
+		if p.Required {
+			reqCount++
+		}
+		prop.decoderTags.put(p.Tag, i)
+		prop.decoderOrigNames[p.OrigName] = i
+	}
+	prop.reqCount = reqCount
+
+	return prop
+}
+
+// A global registry of enum types.
+// The generated code will register the generated maps by calling RegisterEnum.
+
+var enumValueMaps = make(map[string]map[string]int32)
+var enumStringMaps = make(map[string]map[int32]string)
+
+// RegisterEnum is called from the generated code to install the enum descriptor
+// maps into the global table to aid parsing text format protocol buffers.
+func RegisterEnum(typeName string, unusedNameMap map[int32]string, valueMap map[string]int32) {
+	if _, ok := enumValueMaps[typeName]; ok {
+		panic("proto: duplicate enum registered: " + typeName)
+	}
+	enumValueMaps[typeName] = valueMap
+	if _, ok := enumStringMaps[typeName]; ok {
+		panic("proto: duplicate enum registered: " + typeName)
+	}
+	enumStringMaps[typeName] = unusedNameMap
+}
+
+// EnumValueMap returns the mapping from names to integers of the
+// enum type enumType, or a nil if not found.
+func EnumValueMap(enumType string) map[string]int32 {
+	return enumValueMaps[enumType]
+}
+
+// A registry of all linked message types.
+// The string is a fully-qualified proto name ("pkg.Message").
+var (
+	protoTypedNils = make(map[string]Message)      // a map from proto names to typed nil pointers
+	protoMapTypes  = make(map[string]reflect.Type) // a map from proto names to map types
+	revProtoTypes  = make(map[reflect.Type]string)
+)
+
+// RegisterType is called from generated code and maps from the fully qualified
+// proto name to the type (pointer to struct) of the protocol buffer.
+func RegisterType(x Message, name string) {
+	if _, ok := protoTypedNils[name]; ok {
+		// TODO: Some day, make this a panic.
+		log.Printf("proto: duplicate proto type registered: %s", name)
+		return
+	}
+	t := reflect.TypeOf(x)
+	if v := reflect.ValueOf(x); v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && v.Pointer() == 0 {
+		// Generated code always calls RegisterType with nil x.
+		// This check is just for extra safety.
+		protoTypedNils[name] = x
+	} else {
+		protoTypedNils[name] = reflect.Zero(t).Interface().(Message)
+	}
+	revProtoTypes[t] = name
+}
+
+// RegisterMapType is called from generated code and maps from the fully qualified
+// proto name to the native map type of the proto map definition.
+func RegisterMapType(x interface{}, name string) {
+	if reflect.TypeOf(x).Kind() != reflect.Map {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("RegisterMapType(%T, %q); want map", x, name))
+	}
+	if _, ok := protoMapTypes[name]; ok {
+		log.Printf("proto: duplicate proto type registered: %s", name)
+		return
+	}
+	t := reflect.TypeOf(x)
+	protoMapTypes[name] = t
+	revProtoTypes[t] = name
+}
+
+// MessageName returns the fully-qualified proto name for the given message type.
+func MessageName(x Message) string {
+	type xname interface {
+		XXX_MessageName() string
+	}
+	if m, ok := x.(xname); ok {
+		return m.XXX_MessageName()
+	}
+	return revProtoTypes[reflect.TypeOf(x)]
+}
+
+// MessageType returns the message type (pointer to struct) for a named message.
+// The type is not guaranteed to implement proto.Message if the name refers to a
+// map entry.
+func MessageType(name string) reflect.Type {
+	if t, ok := protoTypedNils[name]; ok {
+		return reflect.TypeOf(t)
+	}
+	return protoMapTypes[name]
+}
+
+// A registry of all linked proto files.
+var (
+	protoFiles = make(map[string][]byte) // file name => fileDescriptor
+)
+
+// RegisterFile is called from generated code and maps from the
+// full file name of a .proto file to its compressed FileDescriptorProto.
+func RegisterFile(filename string, fileDescriptor []byte) {
+	protoFiles[filename] = fileDescriptor
+}
+
+// FileDescriptor returns the compressed FileDescriptorProto for a .proto file.
+func FileDescriptor(filename string) []byte { return protoFiles[filename] }
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2018, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+var sizerType = reflect.TypeOf((*Sizer)(nil)).Elem()
+var protosizerType = reflect.TypeOf((*ProtoSizer)(nil)).Elem()
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2013, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+)
+
+func Skip(data []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	l := len(data)
+	index := 0
+	for index < l {
+		var wire uint64
+		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+			if index >= l {
+				return 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			b := data[index]
+			index++
+			wire |= (uint64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+			if b < 0x80 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
+		switch wireType {
+		case 0:
+			for {
+				if index >= l {
+					return 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				index++
+				if data[index-1] < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			return index, nil
+		case 1:
+			index += 8
+			return index, nil
+		case 2:
+			var length int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if index >= l {
+					return 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := data[index]
+				index++
+				length |= (int(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			index += length
+			return index, nil
+		case 3:
+			for {
+				var innerWire uint64
+				var start int = index
+				for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+					if index >= l {
+						return 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+					}
+					b := data[index]
+					index++
+					innerWire |= (uint64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+					if b < 0x80 {
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				innerWireType := int(innerWire & 0x7)
+				if innerWireType == 4 {
+					break
+				}
+				next, err := Skip(data[start:])
+				if err != nil {
+					return 0, err
+				}
+				index = start + next
+			}
+			return index, nil
+		case 4:
+			return index, nil
+		case 5:
+			index += 4
+			return index, nil
+		default:
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("proto: illegal wireType %d", wireType)
+		}
+	}
+	panic("unreachable")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2018, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// makeMessageRefMarshaler differs a bit from makeMessageMarshaler
+// It marshal a message T instead of a *T
+func makeMessageRefMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			siz := u.size(ptr)
+			return siz + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + tagsize
+		},
+		func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+			siz := u.cachedsize(ptr)
+			b = appendVarint(b, uint64(siz))
+			return u.marshal(b, ptr, deterministic)
+		}
+}
+
+// makeMessageRefSliceMarshaler differs quite a lot from makeMessageSliceMarshaler
+// It marshals a slice of messages []T instead of []*T
+func makeMessageRefSliceMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			s := ptr.getSlice(u.typ)
+			n := 0
+			for i := 0; i < s.Len(); i++ {
+				elem := s.Index(i)
+				e := elem.Interface()
+				v := toAddrPointer(&e, false)
+				siz := u.size(v)
+				n += siz + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + tagsize
+			}
+			return n
+		},
+		func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			s := ptr.getSlice(u.typ)
+			var err, errreq error
+			for i := 0; i < s.Len(); i++ {
+				elem := s.Index(i)
+				e := elem.Interface()
+				v := toAddrPointer(&e, false)
+				b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+				siz := u.size(v)
+				b = appendVarint(b, uint64(siz))
+				b, err = u.marshal(b, v, deterministic)
+
+				if err != nil {
+					if _, ok := err.(*RequiredNotSetError); ok {
+						// Required field in submessage is not set.
+						// We record the error but keep going, to give a complete marshaling.
+						if errreq == nil {
+							errreq = err
+						}
+						continue
+					}
+					if err == ErrNil {
+						err = errRepeatedHasNil
+					}
+					return b, err
+				}
+			}
+
+			return b, errreq
+		}
+}
+
+func makeCustomPtrMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			if ptr.isNil() {
+				return 0
+			}
+			m := ptr.asPointerTo(reflect.PtrTo(u.typ)).Elem().Interface().(custom)
+			siz := m.Size()
+			return tagsize + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + siz
+		}, func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			if ptr.isNil() {
+				return b, nil
+			}
+			m := ptr.asPointerTo(reflect.PtrTo(u.typ)).Elem().Interface().(custom)
+			siz := m.Size()
+			buf, err := m.Marshal()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+			b = appendVarint(b, uint64(siz))
+			b = append(b, buf...)
+			return b, nil
+		}
+}
+
+func makeCustomMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			m := ptr.asPointerTo(u.typ).Interface().(custom)
+			siz := m.Size()
+			return tagsize + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + siz
+		}, func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			m := ptr.asPointerTo(u.typ).Interface().(custom)
+			siz := m.Size()
+			buf, err := m.Marshal()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+			b = appendVarint(b, uint64(siz))
+			b = append(b, buf...)
+			return b, nil
+		}
+}
+
+func makeTimeMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			t := ptr.asPointerTo(u.typ).Interface().(*time.Time)
+			ts, err := timestampProto(*t)
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0
+			}
+			siz := Size(ts)
+			return tagsize + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + siz
+		}, func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			t := ptr.asPointerTo(u.typ).Interface().(*time.Time)
+			ts, err := timestampProto(*t)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			buf, err := Marshal(ts)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+			b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(buf)))
+			b = append(b, buf...)
+			return b, nil
+		}
+}
+
+func makeTimePtrMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			if ptr.isNil() {
+				return 0
+			}
+			t := ptr.asPointerTo(reflect.PtrTo(u.typ)).Elem().Interface().(*time.Time)
+			ts, err := timestampProto(*t)
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0
+			}
+			siz := Size(ts)
+			return tagsize + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + siz
+		}, func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			if ptr.isNil() {
+				return b, nil
+			}
+			t := ptr.asPointerTo(reflect.PtrTo(u.typ)).Elem().Interface().(*time.Time)
+			ts, err := timestampProto(*t)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			buf, err := Marshal(ts)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+			b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(buf)))
+			b = append(b, buf...)
+			return b, nil
+		}
+}
+
+func makeTimeSliceMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			s := ptr.getSlice(u.typ)
+			n := 0
+			for i := 0; i < s.Len(); i++ {
+				elem := s.Index(i)
+				t := elem.Interface().(time.Time)
+				ts, err := timestampProto(t)
+				if err != nil {
+					return 0
+				}
+				siz := Size(ts)
+				n += siz + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + tagsize
+			}
+			return n
+		},
+		func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			s := ptr.getSlice(u.typ)
+			for i := 0; i < s.Len(); i++ {
+				elem := s.Index(i)
+				t := elem.Interface().(time.Time)
+				ts, err := timestampProto(t)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				siz := Size(ts)
+				buf, err := Marshal(ts)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+				b = appendVarint(b, uint64(siz))
+				b = append(b, buf...)
+			}
+
+			return b, nil
+		}
+}
+
+func makeTimePtrSliceMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			s := ptr.getSlice(reflect.PtrTo(u.typ))
+			n := 0
+			for i := 0; i < s.Len(); i++ {
+				elem := s.Index(i)
+				t := elem.Interface().(*time.Time)
+				ts, err := timestampProto(*t)
+				if err != nil {
+					return 0
+				}
+				siz := Size(ts)
+				n += siz + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + tagsize
+			}
+			return n
+		},
+		func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			s := ptr.getSlice(reflect.PtrTo(u.typ))
+			for i := 0; i < s.Len(); i++ {
+				elem := s.Index(i)
+				t := elem.Interface().(*time.Time)
+				ts, err := timestampProto(*t)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				siz := Size(ts)
+				buf, err := Marshal(ts)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+				b = appendVarint(b, uint64(siz))
+				b = append(b, buf...)
+			}
+
+			return b, nil
+		}
+}
+
+func makeDurationMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			d := ptr.asPointerTo(u.typ).Interface().(*time.Duration)
+			dur := durationProto(*d)
+			siz := Size(dur)
+			return tagsize + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + siz
+		}, func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			d := ptr.asPointerTo(u.typ).Interface().(*time.Duration)
+			dur := durationProto(*d)
+			buf, err := Marshal(dur)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+			b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(buf)))
+			b = append(b, buf...)
+			return b, nil
+		}
+}
+
+func makeDurationPtrMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			if ptr.isNil() {
+				return 0
+			}
+			d := ptr.asPointerTo(reflect.PtrTo(u.typ)).Elem().Interface().(*time.Duration)
+			dur := durationProto(*d)
+			siz := Size(dur)
+			return tagsize + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + siz
+		}, func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			if ptr.isNil() {
+				return b, nil
+			}
+			d := ptr.asPointerTo(reflect.PtrTo(u.typ)).Elem().Interface().(*time.Duration)
+			dur := durationProto(*d)
+			buf, err := Marshal(dur)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+			b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(buf)))
+			b = append(b, buf...)
+			return b, nil
+		}
+}
+
+func makeDurationSliceMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			s := ptr.getSlice(u.typ)
+			n := 0
+			for i := 0; i < s.Len(); i++ {
+				elem := s.Index(i)
+				d := elem.Interface().(time.Duration)
+				dur := durationProto(d)
+				siz := Size(dur)
+				n += siz + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + tagsize
+			}
+			return n
+		},
+		func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			s := ptr.getSlice(u.typ)
+			for i := 0; i < s.Len(); i++ {
+				elem := s.Index(i)
+				d := elem.Interface().(time.Duration)
+				dur := durationProto(d)
+				siz := Size(dur)
+				buf, err := Marshal(dur)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+				b = appendVarint(b, uint64(siz))
+				b = append(b, buf...)
+			}
+
+			return b, nil
+		}
+}
+
+func makeDurationPtrSliceMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			s := ptr.getSlice(reflect.PtrTo(u.typ))
+			n := 0
+			for i := 0; i < s.Len(); i++ {
+				elem := s.Index(i)
+				d := elem.Interface().(*time.Duration)
+				dur := durationProto(*d)
+				siz := Size(dur)
+				n += siz + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + tagsize
+			}
+			return n
+		},
+		func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			s := ptr.getSlice(reflect.PtrTo(u.typ))
+			for i := 0; i < s.Len(); i++ {
+				elem := s.Index(i)
+				d := elem.Interface().(*time.Duration)
+				dur := durationProto(*d)
+				siz := Size(dur)
+				buf, err := Marshal(dur)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+				b = appendVarint(b, uint64(siz))
+				b = append(b, buf...)
+			}
+
+			return b, nil
+		}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,676 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+)
+
+// Merge merges the src message into dst.
+// This assumes that dst and src of the same type and are non-nil.
+func (a *InternalMessageInfo) Merge(dst, src Message) {
+	mi := atomicLoadMergeInfo(&a.merge)
+	if mi == nil {
+		mi = getMergeInfo(reflect.TypeOf(dst).Elem())
+		atomicStoreMergeInfo(&a.merge, mi)
+	}
+	mi.merge(toPointer(&dst), toPointer(&src))
+}
+
+type mergeInfo struct {
+	typ reflect.Type
+
+	initialized int32 // 0: only typ is valid, 1: everything is valid
+	lock        sync.Mutex
+
+	fields       []mergeFieldInfo
+	unrecognized field // Offset of XXX_unrecognized
+}
+
+type mergeFieldInfo struct {
+	field field // Offset of field, guaranteed to be valid
+
+	// isPointer reports whether the value in the field is a pointer.
+	// This is true for the following situations:
+	//	* Pointer to struct
+	//	* Pointer to basic type (proto2 only)
+	//	* Slice (first value in slice header is a pointer)
+	//	* String (first value in string header is a pointer)
+	isPointer bool
+
+	// basicWidth reports the width of the field assuming that it is directly
+	// embedded in the struct (as is the case for basic types in proto3).
+	// The possible values are:
+	// 	0: invalid
+	//	1: bool
+	//	4: int32, uint32, float32
+	//	8: int64, uint64, float64
+	basicWidth int
+
+	// Where dst and src are pointers to the types being merged.
+	merge func(dst, src pointer)
+}
+
+var (
+	mergeInfoMap  = map[reflect.Type]*mergeInfo{}
+	mergeInfoLock sync.Mutex
+)
+
+func getMergeInfo(t reflect.Type) *mergeInfo {
+	mergeInfoLock.Lock()
+	defer mergeInfoLock.Unlock()
+	mi := mergeInfoMap[t]
+	if mi == nil {
+		mi = &mergeInfo{typ: t}
+		mergeInfoMap[t] = mi
+	}
+	return mi
+}
+
+// merge merges src into dst assuming they are both of type *mi.typ.
+func (mi *mergeInfo) merge(dst, src pointer) {
+	if dst.isNil() {
+		panic("proto: nil destination")
+	}
+	if src.isNil() {
+		return // Nothing to do.
+	}
+
+	if atomic.LoadInt32(&mi.initialized) == 0 {
+		mi.computeMergeInfo()
+	}
+
+	for _, fi := range mi.fields {
+		sfp := src.offset(fi.field)
+
+		// As an optimization, we can avoid the merge function call cost
+		// if we know for sure that the source will have no effect
+		// by checking if it is the zero value.
+		if unsafeAllowed {
+			if fi.isPointer && sfp.getPointer().isNil() { // Could be slice or string
+				continue
+			}
+			if fi.basicWidth > 0 {
+				switch {
+				case fi.basicWidth == 1 && !*sfp.toBool():
+					continue
+				case fi.basicWidth == 4 && *sfp.toUint32() == 0:
+					continue
+				case fi.basicWidth == 8 && *sfp.toUint64() == 0:
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		dfp := dst.offset(fi.field)
+		fi.merge(dfp, sfp)
+	}
+
+	// TODO: Make this faster?
+	out := dst.asPointerTo(mi.typ).Elem()
+	in := src.asPointerTo(mi.typ).Elem()
+	if emIn, err := extendable(in.Addr().Interface()); err == nil {
+		emOut, _ := extendable(out.Addr().Interface())
+		mIn, muIn := emIn.extensionsRead()
+		if mIn != nil {
+			mOut := emOut.extensionsWrite()
+			muIn.Lock()
+			mergeExtension(mOut, mIn)
+			muIn.Unlock()
+		}
+	}
+
+	if mi.unrecognized.IsValid() {
+		if b := *src.offset(mi.unrecognized).toBytes(); len(b) > 0 {
+			*dst.offset(mi.unrecognized).toBytes() = append([]byte(nil), b...)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (mi *mergeInfo) computeMergeInfo() {
+	mi.lock.Lock()
+	defer mi.lock.Unlock()
+	if mi.initialized != 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	t := mi.typ
+	n := t.NumField()
+
+	props := GetProperties(t)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		f := t.Field(i)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(f.Name, "XXX_") {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		mfi := mergeFieldInfo{field: toField(&f)}
+		tf := f.Type
+
+		// As an optimization, we can avoid the merge function call cost
+		// if we know for sure that the source will have no effect
+		// by checking if it is the zero value.
+		if unsafeAllowed {
+			switch tf.Kind() {
+			case reflect.Ptr, reflect.Slice, reflect.String:
+				// As a special case, we assume slices and strings are pointers
+				// since we know that the first field in the SliceSlice or
+				// StringHeader is a data pointer.
+				mfi.isPointer = true
+			case reflect.Bool:
+				mfi.basicWidth = 1
+			case reflect.Int32, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Float32:
+				mfi.basicWidth = 4
+			case reflect.Int64, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Float64:
+				mfi.basicWidth = 8
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Unwrap tf to get at its most basic type.
+		var isPointer, isSlice bool
+		if tf.Kind() == reflect.Slice && tf.Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+			isSlice = true
+			tf = tf.Elem()
+		}
+		if tf.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			isPointer = true
+			tf = tf.Elem()
+		}
+		if isPointer && isSlice && tf.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+			panic("both pointer and slice for basic type in " + tf.Name())
+		}
+
+		switch tf.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Int32:
+			switch {
+			case isSlice: // E.g., []int32
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					// NOTE: toInt32Slice is not defined (see pointer_reflect.go).
+					/*
+						sfsp := src.toInt32Slice()
+						if *sfsp != nil {
+							dfsp := dst.toInt32Slice()
+							*dfsp = append(*dfsp, *sfsp...)
+							if *dfsp == nil {
+								*dfsp = []int64{}
+							}
+						}
+					*/
+					sfs := src.getInt32Slice()
+					if sfs != nil {
+						dfs := dst.getInt32Slice()
+						dfs = append(dfs, sfs...)
+						if dfs == nil {
+							dfs = []int32{}
+						}
+						dst.setInt32Slice(dfs)
+					}
+				}
+			case isPointer: // E.g., *int32
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					// NOTE: toInt32Ptr is not defined (see pointer_reflect.go).
+					/*
+						sfpp := src.toInt32Ptr()
+						if *sfpp != nil {
+							dfpp := dst.toInt32Ptr()
+							if *dfpp == nil {
+								*dfpp = Int32(**sfpp)
+							} else {
+								**dfpp = **sfpp
+							}
+						}
+					*/
+					sfp := src.getInt32Ptr()
+					if sfp != nil {
+						dfp := dst.getInt32Ptr()
+						if dfp == nil {
+							dst.setInt32Ptr(*sfp)
+						} else {
+							*dfp = *sfp
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			default: // E.g., int32
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					if v := *src.toInt32(); v != 0 {
+						*dst.toInt32() = v
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Int64:
+			switch {
+			case isSlice: // E.g., []int64
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfsp := src.toInt64Slice()
+					if *sfsp != nil {
+						dfsp := dst.toInt64Slice()
+						*dfsp = append(*dfsp, *sfsp...)
+						if *dfsp == nil {
+							*dfsp = []int64{}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			case isPointer: // E.g., *int64
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfpp := src.toInt64Ptr()
+					if *sfpp != nil {
+						dfpp := dst.toInt64Ptr()
+						if *dfpp == nil {
+							*dfpp = Int64(**sfpp)
+						} else {
+							**dfpp = **sfpp
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			default: // E.g., int64
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					if v := *src.toInt64(); v != 0 {
+						*dst.toInt64() = v
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Uint32:
+			switch {
+			case isSlice: // E.g., []uint32
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfsp := src.toUint32Slice()
+					if *sfsp != nil {
+						dfsp := dst.toUint32Slice()
+						*dfsp = append(*dfsp, *sfsp...)
+						if *dfsp == nil {
+							*dfsp = []uint32{}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			case isPointer: // E.g., *uint32
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfpp := src.toUint32Ptr()
+					if *sfpp != nil {
+						dfpp := dst.toUint32Ptr()
+						if *dfpp == nil {
+							*dfpp = Uint32(**sfpp)
+						} else {
+							**dfpp = **sfpp
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			default: // E.g., uint32
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					if v := *src.toUint32(); v != 0 {
+						*dst.toUint32() = v
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Uint64:
+			switch {
+			case isSlice: // E.g., []uint64
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfsp := src.toUint64Slice()
+					if *sfsp != nil {
+						dfsp := dst.toUint64Slice()
+						*dfsp = append(*dfsp, *sfsp...)
+						if *dfsp == nil {
+							*dfsp = []uint64{}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			case isPointer: // E.g., *uint64
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfpp := src.toUint64Ptr()
+					if *sfpp != nil {
+						dfpp := dst.toUint64Ptr()
+						if *dfpp == nil {
+							*dfpp = Uint64(**sfpp)
+						} else {
+							**dfpp = **sfpp
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			default: // E.g., uint64
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					if v := *src.toUint64(); v != 0 {
+						*dst.toUint64() = v
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Float32:
+			switch {
+			case isSlice: // E.g., []float32
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfsp := src.toFloat32Slice()
+					if *sfsp != nil {
+						dfsp := dst.toFloat32Slice()
+						*dfsp = append(*dfsp, *sfsp...)
+						if *dfsp == nil {
+							*dfsp = []float32{}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			case isPointer: // E.g., *float32
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfpp := src.toFloat32Ptr()
+					if *sfpp != nil {
+						dfpp := dst.toFloat32Ptr()
+						if *dfpp == nil {
+							*dfpp = Float32(**sfpp)
+						} else {
+							**dfpp = **sfpp
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			default: // E.g., float32
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					if v := *src.toFloat32(); v != 0 {
+						*dst.toFloat32() = v
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Float64:
+			switch {
+			case isSlice: // E.g., []float64
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfsp := src.toFloat64Slice()
+					if *sfsp != nil {
+						dfsp := dst.toFloat64Slice()
+						*dfsp = append(*dfsp, *sfsp...)
+						if *dfsp == nil {
+							*dfsp = []float64{}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			case isPointer: // E.g., *float64
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfpp := src.toFloat64Ptr()
+					if *sfpp != nil {
+						dfpp := dst.toFloat64Ptr()
+						if *dfpp == nil {
+							*dfpp = Float64(**sfpp)
+						} else {
+							**dfpp = **sfpp
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			default: // E.g., float64
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					if v := *src.toFloat64(); v != 0 {
+						*dst.toFloat64() = v
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Bool:
+			switch {
+			case isSlice: // E.g., []bool
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfsp := src.toBoolSlice()
+					if *sfsp != nil {
+						dfsp := dst.toBoolSlice()
+						*dfsp = append(*dfsp, *sfsp...)
+						if *dfsp == nil {
+							*dfsp = []bool{}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			case isPointer: // E.g., *bool
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfpp := src.toBoolPtr()
+					if *sfpp != nil {
+						dfpp := dst.toBoolPtr()
+						if *dfpp == nil {
+							*dfpp = Bool(**sfpp)
+						} else {
+							**dfpp = **sfpp
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			default: // E.g., bool
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					if v := *src.toBool(); v {
+						*dst.toBool() = v
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.String:
+			switch {
+			case isSlice: // E.g., []string
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfsp := src.toStringSlice()
+					if *sfsp != nil {
+						dfsp := dst.toStringSlice()
+						*dfsp = append(*dfsp, *sfsp...)
+						if *dfsp == nil {
+							*dfsp = []string{}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			case isPointer: // E.g., *string
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sfpp := src.toStringPtr()
+					if *sfpp != nil {
+						dfpp := dst.toStringPtr()
+						if *dfpp == nil {
+							*dfpp = String(**sfpp)
+						} else {
+							**dfpp = **sfpp
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			default: // E.g., string
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					if v := *src.toString(); v != "" {
+						*dst.toString() = v
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Slice:
+			isProto3 := props.Prop[i].proto3
+			switch {
+			case isPointer:
+				panic("bad pointer in byte slice case in " + tf.Name())
+			case tf.Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8:
+				panic("bad element kind in byte slice case in " + tf.Name())
+			case isSlice: // E.g., [][]byte
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sbsp := src.toBytesSlice()
+					if *sbsp != nil {
+						dbsp := dst.toBytesSlice()
+						for _, sb := range *sbsp {
+							if sb == nil {
+								*dbsp = append(*dbsp, nil)
+							} else {
+								*dbsp = append(*dbsp, append([]byte{}, sb...))
+							}
+						}
+						if *dbsp == nil {
+							*dbsp = [][]byte{}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			default: // E.g., []byte
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sbp := src.toBytes()
+					if *sbp != nil {
+						dbp := dst.toBytes()
+						if !isProto3 || len(*sbp) > 0 {
+							*dbp = append([]byte{}, *sbp...)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Struct:
+			switch {
+			case isSlice && !isPointer: // E.g. []pb.T
+				mergeInfo := getMergeInfo(tf)
+				zero := reflect.Zero(tf)
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					// TODO: Make this faster?
+					dstsp := dst.asPointerTo(f.Type)
+					dsts := dstsp.Elem()
+					srcs := src.asPointerTo(f.Type).Elem()
+					for i := 0; i < srcs.Len(); i++ {
+						dsts = reflect.Append(dsts, zero)
+						srcElement := srcs.Index(i).Addr()
+						dstElement := dsts.Index(dsts.Len() - 1).Addr()
+						mergeInfo.merge(valToPointer(dstElement), valToPointer(srcElement))
+					}
+					if dsts.IsNil() {
+						dsts = reflect.MakeSlice(f.Type, 0, 0)
+					}
+					dstsp.Elem().Set(dsts)
+				}
+			case !isPointer:
+				mergeInfo := getMergeInfo(tf)
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					mergeInfo.merge(dst, src)
+				}
+			case isSlice: // E.g., []*pb.T
+				mergeInfo := getMergeInfo(tf)
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sps := src.getPointerSlice()
+					if sps != nil {
+						dps := dst.getPointerSlice()
+						for _, sp := range sps {
+							var dp pointer
+							if !sp.isNil() {
+								dp = valToPointer(reflect.New(tf))
+								mergeInfo.merge(dp, sp)
+							}
+							dps = append(dps, dp)
+						}
+						if dps == nil {
+							dps = []pointer{}
+						}
+						dst.setPointerSlice(dps)
+					}
+				}
+			default: // E.g., *pb.T
+				mergeInfo := getMergeInfo(tf)
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sp := src.getPointer()
+					if !sp.isNil() {
+						dp := dst.getPointer()
+						if dp.isNil() {
+							dp = valToPointer(reflect.New(tf))
+							dst.setPointer(dp)
+						}
+						mergeInfo.merge(dp, sp)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Map:
+			switch {
+			case isPointer || isSlice:
+				panic("bad pointer or slice in map case in " + tf.Name())
+			default: // E.g., map[K]V
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					sm := src.asPointerTo(tf).Elem()
+					if sm.Len() == 0 {
+						return
+					}
+					dm := dst.asPointerTo(tf).Elem()
+					if dm.IsNil() {
+						dm.Set(reflect.MakeMap(tf))
+					}
+
+					switch tf.Elem().Kind() {
+					case reflect.Ptr: // Proto struct (e.g., *T)
+						for _, key := range sm.MapKeys() {
+							val := sm.MapIndex(key)
+							val = reflect.ValueOf(Clone(val.Interface().(Message)))
+							dm.SetMapIndex(key, val)
+						}
+					case reflect.Slice: // E.g. Bytes type (e.g., []byte)
+						for _, key := range sm.MapKeys() {
+							val := sm.MapIndex(key)
+							val = reflect.ValueOf(append([]byte{}, val.Bytes()...))
+							dm.SetMapIndex(key, val)
+						}
+					default: // Basic type (e.g., string)
+						for _, key := range sm.MapKeys() {
+							val := sm.MapIndex(key)
+							dm.SetMapIndex(key, val)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Interface:
+			// Must be oneof field.
+			switch {
+			case isPointer || isSlice:
+				panic("bad pointer or slice in interface case in " + tf.Name())
+			default: // E.g., interface{}
+				// TODO: Make this faster?
+				mfi.merge = func(dst, src pointer) {
+					su := src.asPointerTo(tf).Elem()
+					if !su.IsNil() {
+						du := dst.asPointerTo(tf).Elem()
+						typ := su.Elem().Type()
+						if du.IsNil() || du.Elem().Type() != typ {
+							du.Set(reflect.New(typ.Elem())) // Initialize interface if empty
+						}
+						sv := su.Elem().Elem().Field(0)
+						if sv.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && sv.IsNil() {
+							return
+						}
+						dv := du.Elem().Elem().Field(0)
+						if dv.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && dv.IsNil() {
+							dv.Set(reflect.New(sv.Type().Elem())) // Initialize proto message if empty
+						}
+						switch sv.Type().Kind() {
+						case reflect.Ptr: // Proto struct (e.g., *T)
+							Merge(dv.Interface().(Message), sv.Interface().(Message))
+						case reflect.Slice: // E.g. Bytes type (e.g., []byte)
+							dv.Set(reflect.ValueOf(append([]byte{}, sv.Bytes()...)))
+						default: // Basic type (e.g., string)
+							dv.Set(sv)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		default:
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("merger not found for type:%s", tf))
+		}
+		mi.fields = append(mi.fields, mfi)
+	}
+
+	mi.unrecognized = invalidField
+	if f, ok := t.FieldByName("XXX_unrecognized"); ok {
+		if f.Type != reflect.TypeOf([]byte{}) {
+			panic("expected XXX_unrecognized to be of type []byte")
+		}
+		mi.unrecognized = toField(&f)
+	}
+
+	atomic.StoreInt32(&mi.initialized, 1)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2018, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+func makeUnmarshalMessage(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		// First read the message field to see if something is there.
+		// The semantics of multiple submessages are weird.  Instead of
+		// the last one winning (as it is for all other fields), multiple
+		// submessages are merged.
+		v := f // gogo: changed from v := f.getPointer()
+		if v.isNil() {
+			v = valToPointer(reflect.New(sub.typ))
+			f.setPointer(v)
+		}
+		err := sub.unmarshal(v, b[:x])
+		if err != nil {
+			if r, ok := err.(*RequiredNotSetError); ok {
+				r.field = name + "." + r.field
+			} else {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		return b[x:], err
+	}
+}
+
+func makeUnmarshalMessageSlice(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		v := valToPointer(reflect.New(sub.typ))
+		err := sub.unmarshal(v, b[:x])
+		if err != nil {
+			if r, ok := err.(*RequiredNotSetError); ok {
+				r.field = name + "." + r.field
+			} else {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		f.appendRef(v, sub.typ) // gogo: changed from f.appendPointer(v)
+		return b[x:], err
+	}
+}
+
+func makeUnmarshalCustomPtr(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+
+		s := f.asPointerTo(reflect.PtrTo(sub.typ)).Elem()
+		s.Set(reflect.New(sub.typ))
+		m := s.Interface().(custom)
+		if err := m.Unmarshal(b[:x]); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return b[x:], nil
+	}
+}
+
+func makeUnmarshalCustomSlice(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		m := reflect.New(sub.typ)
+		c := m.Interface().(custom)
+		if err := c.Unmarshal(b[:x]); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		v := valToPointer(m)
+		f.appendRef(v, sub.typ)
+		return b[x:], nil
+	}
+}
+
+func makeUnmarshalCustom(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+
+		m := f.asPointerTo(sub.typ).Interface().(custom)
+		if err := m.Unmarshal(b[:x]); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return b[x:], nil
+	}
+}
+
+func makeUnmarshalTime(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		m := &timestamp{}
+		if err := Unmarshal(b[:x], m); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		t, err := timestampFromProto(m)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		s := f.asPointerTo(sub.typ).Elem()
+		s.Set(reflect.ValueOf(t))
+		return b[x:], nil
+	}
+}
+
+func makeUnmarshalTimePtr(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		m := &timestamp{}
+		if err := Unmarshal(b[:x], m); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		t, err := timestampFromProto(m)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		s := f.asPointerTo(reflect.PtrTo(sub.typ)).Elem()
+		s.Set(reflect.ValueOf(&t))
+		return b[x:], nil
+	}
+}
+
+func makeUnmarshalTimePtrSlice(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		m := &timestamp{}
+		if err := Unmarshal(b[:x], m); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		t, err := timestampFromProto(m)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		slice := f.getSlice(reflect.PtrTo(sub.typ))
+		newSlice := reflect.Append(slice, reflect.ValueOf(&t))
+		slice.Set(newSlice)
+		return b[x:], nil
+	}
+}
+
+func makeUnmarshalTimeSlice(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		m := &timestamp{}
+		if err := Unmarshal(b[:x], m); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		t, err := timestampFromProto(m)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		slice := f.getSlice(sub.typ)
+		newSlice := reflect.Append(slice, reflect.ValueOf(t))
+		slice.Set(newSlice)
+		return b[x:], nil
+	}
+}
+
+func makeUnmarshalDurationPtr(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		m := &duration{}
+		if err := Unmarshal(b[:x], m); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		d, err := durationFromProto(m)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		s := f.asPointerTo(reflect.PtrTo(sub.typ)).Elem()
+		s.Set(reflect.ValueOf(&d))
+		return b[x:], nil
+	}
+}
+
+func makeUnmarshalDuration(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		m := &duration{}
+		if err := Unmarshal(b[:x], m); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		d, err := durationFromProto(m)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		s := f.asPointerTo(sub.typ).Elem()
+		s.Set(reflect.ValueOf(d))
+		return b[x:], nil
+	}
+}
+
+func makeUnmarshalDurationPtrSlice(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		m := &duration{}
+		if err := Unmarshal(b[:x], m); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		d, err := durationFromProto(m)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		slice := f.getSlice(reflect.PtrTo(sub.typ))
+		newSlice := reflect.Append(slice, reflect.ValueOf(&d))
+		slice.Set(newSlice)
+		return b[x:], nil
+	}
+}
+
+func makeUnmarshalDurationSlice(sub *unmarshalInfo, name string) unmarshaler {
+	return func(b []byte, f pointer, w int) ([]byte, error) {
+		if w != WireBytes {
+			return nil, errInternalBadWireType
+		}
+		x, n := decodeVarint(b)
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		b = b[n:]
+		if x > uint64(len(b)) {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		m := &duration{}
+		if err := Unmarshal(b[:x], m); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		d, err := durationFromProto(m)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		slice := f.getSlice(sub.typ)
+		newSlice := reflect.Append(slice, reflect.ValueOf(d))
+		slice.Set(newSlice)
+		return b[x:], nil
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,930 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2013, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+// Functions for writing the text protocol buffer format.
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"math"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var (
+	newline         = []byte("\n")
+	spaces          = []byte("                                        ")
+	endBraceNewline = []byte("}\n")
+	backslashN      = []byte{'\\', 'n'}
+	backslashR      = []byte{'\\', 'r'}
+	backslashT      = []byte{'\\', 't'}
+	backslashDQ     = []byte{'\\', '"'}
+	backslashBS     = []byte{'\\', '\\'}
+	posInf          = []byte("inf")
+	negInf          = []byte("-inf")
+	nan             = []byte("nan")
+)
+
+type writer interface {
+	io.Writer
+	WriteByte(byte) error
+}
+
+// textWriter is an io.Writer that tracks its indentation level.
+type textWriter struct {
+	ind      int
+	complete bool // if the current position is a complete line
+	compact  bool // whether to write out as a one-liner
+	w        writer
+}
+
+func (w *textWriter) WriteString(s string) (n int, err error) {
+	if !strings.Contains(s, "\n") {
+		if !w.compact && w.complete {
+			w.writeIndent()
+		}
+		w.complete = false
+		return io.WriteString(w.w, s)
+	}
+	// WriteString is typically called without newlines, so this
+	// codepath and its copy are rare.  We copy to avoid
+	// duplicating all of Write's logic here.
+	return w.Write([]byte(s))
+}
+
+func (w *textWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	newlines := bytes.Count(p, newline)
+	if newlines == 0 {
+		if !w.compact && w.complete {
+			w.writeIndent()
+		}
+		n, err = w.w.Write(p)
+		w.complete = false
+		return n, err
+	}
+
+	frags := bytes.SplitN(p, newline, newlines+1)
+	if w.compact {
+		for i, frag := range frags {
+			if i > 0 {
+				if err := w.w.WriteByte(' '); err != nil {
+					return n, err
+				}
+				n++
+			}
+			nn, err := w.w.Write(frag)
+			n += nn
+			if err != nil {
+				return n, err
+			}
+		}
+		return n, nil
+	}
+
+	for i, frag := range frags {
+		if w.complete {
+			w.writeIndent()
+		}
+		nn, err := w.w.Write(frag)
+		n += nn
+		if err != nil {
+			return n, err
+		}
+		if i+1 < len(frags) {
+			if err := w.w.WriteByte('\n'); err != nil {
+				return n, err
+			}
+			n++
+		}
+	}
+	w.complete = len(frags[len(frags)-1]) == 0
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+func (w *textWriter) WriteByte(c byte) error {
+	if w.compact && c == '\n' {
+		c = ' '
+	}
+	if !w.compact && w.complete {
+		w.writeIndent()
+	}
+	err := w.w.WriteByte(c)
+	w.complete = c == '\n'
+	return err
+}
+
+func (w *textWriter) indent() { w.ind++ }
+
+func (w *textWriter) unindent() {
+	if w.ind == 0 {
+		log.Print("proto: textWriter unindented too far")
+		return
+	}
+	w.ind--
+}
+
+func writeName(w *textWriter, props *Properties) error {
+	if _, err := w.WriteString(props.OrigName); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if props.Wire != "group" {
+		return w.WriteByte(':')
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func requiresQuotes(u string) bool {
+	// When type URL contains any characters except [0-9A-Za-z./\-]*, it must be quoted.
+	for _, ch := range u {
+		switch {
+		case ch == '.' || ch == '/' || ch == '_':
+			continue
+		case '0' <= ch && ch <= '9':
+			continue
+		case 'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z':
+			continue
+		case 'a' <= ch && ch <= 'z':
+			continue
+		default:
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// isAny reports whether sv is a google.protobuf.Any message
+func isAny(sv reflect.Value) bool {
+	type wkt interface {
+		XXX_WellKnownType() string
+	}
+	t, ok := sv.Addr().Interface().(wkt)
+	return ok && t.XXX_WellKnownType() == "Any"
+}
+
+// writeProto3Any writes an expanded google.protobuf.Any message.
+//
+// It returns (false, nil) if sv value can't be unmarshaled (e.g. because
+// required messages are not linked in).
+//
+// It returns (true, error) when sv was written in expanded format or an error
+// was encountered.
+func (tm *TextMarshaler) writeProto3Any(w *textWriter, sv reflect.Value) (bool, error) {
+	turl := sv.FieldByName("TypeUrl")
+	val := sv.FieldByName("Value")
+	if !turl.IsValid() || !val.IsValid() {
+		return true, errors.New("proto: invalid google.protobuf.Any message")
+	}
+
+	b, ok := val.Interface().([]byte)
+	if !ok {
+		return true, errors.New("proto: invalid google.protobuf.Any message")
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.Split(turl.String(), "/")
+	mt := MessageType(parts[len(parts)-1])
+	if mt == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	m := reflect.New(mt.Elem())
+	if err := Unmarshal(b, m.Interface().(Message)); err != nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	w.Write([]byte("["))
+	u := turl.String()
+	if requiresQuotes(u) {
+		writeString(w, u)
+	} else {
+		w.Write([]byte(u))
+	}
+	if w.compact {
+		w.Write([]byte("]:<"))
+	} else {
+		w.Write([]byte("]: <\n"))
+		w.ind++
+	}
+	if err := tm.writeStruct(w, m.Elem()); err != nil {
+		return true, err
+	}
+	if w.compact {
+		w.Write([]byte("> "))
+	} else {
+		w.ind--
+		w.Write([]byte(">\n"))
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func (tm *TextMarshaler) writeStruct(w *textWriter, sv reflect.Value) error {
+	if tm.ExpandAny && isAny(sv) {
+		if canExpand, err := tm.writeProto3Any(w, sv); canExpand {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	st := sv.Type()
+	sprops := GetProperties(st)
+	for i := 0; i < sv.NumField(); i++ {
+		fv := sv.Field(i)
+		props := sprops.Prop[i]
+		name := st.Field(i).Name
+
+		if name == "XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if strings.HasPrefix(name, "XXX_") {
+			// There are two XXX_ fields:
+			//   XXX_unrecognized []byte
+			//   XXX_extensions   map[int32]proto.Extension
+			// The first is handled here;
+			// the second is handled at the bottom of this function.
+			if name == "XXX_unrecognized" && !fv.IsNil() {
+				if err := writeUnknownStruct(w, fv.Interface().([]byte)); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if fv.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && fv.IsNil() {
+			// Field not filled in. This could be an optional field or
+			// a required field that wasn't filled in. Either way, there
+			// isn't anything we can show for it.
+			continue
+		}
+		if fv.Kind() == reflect.Slice && fv.IsNil() {
+			// Repeated field that is empty, or a bytes field that is unused.
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if props.Repeated && fv.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
+			// Repeated field.
+			for j := 0; j < fv.Len(); j++ {
+				if err := writeName(w, props); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if !w.compact {
+					if err := w.WriteByte(' '); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				}
+				v := fv.Index(j)
+				if v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && v.IsNil() {
+					// A nil message in a repeated field is not valid,
+					// but we can handle that more gracefully than panicking.
+					if _, err := w.Write([]byte("<nil>\n")); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					continue
+				}
+				if len(props.Enum) > 0 {
+					if err := tm.writeEnum(w, v, props); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				} else if err := tm.writeAny(w, v, props); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if err := w.WriteByte('\n'); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if fv.Kind() == reflect.Map {
+			// Map fields are rendered as a repeated struct with key/value fields.
+			keys := fv.MapKeys()
+			sort.Sort(mapKeys(keys))
+			for _, key := range keys {
+				val := fv.MapIndex(key)
+				if err := writeName(w, props); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if !w.compact {
+					if err := w.WriteByte(' '); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				}
+				// open struct
+				if err := w.WriteByte('<'); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if !w.compact {
+					if err := w.WriteByte('\n'); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				}
+				w.indent()
+				// key
+				if _, err := w.WriteString("key:"); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if !w.compact {
+					if err := w.WriteByte(' '); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				}
+				if err := tm.writeAny(w, key, props.MapKeyProp); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if err := w.WriteByte('\n'); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				// nil values aren't legal, but we can avoid panicking because of them.
+				if val.Kind() != reflect.Ptr || !val.IsNil() {
+					// value
+					if _, err := w.WriteString("value:"); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					if !w.compact {
+						if err := w.WriteByte(' '); err != nil {
+							return err
+						}
+					}
+					if err := tm.writeAny(w, val, props.MapValProp); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					if err := w.WriteByte('\n'); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				}
+				// close struct
+				w.unindent()
+				if err := w.WriteByte('>'); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if err := w.WriteByte('\n'); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if props.proto3 && fv.Kind() == reflect.Slice && fv.Len() == 0 {
+			// empty bytes field
+			continue
+		}
+		if props.proto3 && fv.Kind() != reflect.Ptr && fv.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
+			// proto3 non-repeated scalar field; skip if zero value
+			if isProto3Zero(fv) {
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
+		if fv.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
+			// Check if it is a oneof.
+			if st.Field(i).Tag.Get("protobuf_oneof") != "" {
+				// fv is nil, or holds a pointer to generated struct.
+				// That generated struct has exactly one field,
+				// which has a protobuf struct tag.
+				if fv.IsNil() {
+					continue
+				}
+				inner := fv.Elem().Elem() // interface -> *T -> T
+				tag := inner.Type().Field(0).Tag.Get("protobuf")
+				props = new(Properties) // Overwrite the outer props var, but not its pointee.
+				props.Parse(tag)
+				// Write the value in the oneof, not the oneof itself.
+				fv = inner.Field(0)
+
+				// Special case to cope with malformed messages gracefully:
+				// If the value in the oneof is a nil pointer, don't panic
+				// in writeAny.
+				if fv.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && fv.IsNil() {
+					// Use errors.New so writeAny won't render quotes.
+					msg := errors.New("/* nil */")
+					fv = reflect.ValueOf(&msg).Elem()
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := writeName(w, props); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !w.compact {
+			if err := w.WriteByte(' '); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(props.Enum) > 0 {
+			if err := tm.writeEnum(w, fv, props); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		} else if err := tm.writeAny(w, fv, props); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := w.WriteByte('\n'); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Extensions (the XXX_extensions field).
+	pv := sv
+	if pv.CanAddr() {
+		pv = sv.Addr()
+	} else {
+		pv = reflect.New(sv.Type())
+		pv.Elem().Set(sv)
+	}
+	if _, err := extendable(pv.Interface()); err == nil {
+		if err := tm.writeExtensions(w, pv); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+var textMarshalerType = reflect.TypeOf((*encoding.TextMarshaler)(nil)).Elem()
+
+// writeAny writes an arbitrary field.
+func (tm *TextMarshaler) writeAny(w *textWriter, v reflect.Value, props *Properties) error {
+	v = reflect.Indirect(v)
+
+	if props != nil {
+		if len(props.CustomType) > 0 {
+			custom, ok := v.Interface().(Marshaler)
+			if ok {
+				data, err := custom.Marshal()
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if err := writeString(w, string(data)); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+		} else if len(props.CastType) > 0 {
+			if _, ok := v.Interface().(interface {
+				String() string
+			}); ok {
+				switch v.Kind() {
+				case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64,
+					reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+					_, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d", v.Interface())
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		} else if props.StdTime {
+			t, ok := v.Interface().(time.Time)
+			if !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("stdtime is not time.Time, but %T", v.Interface())
+			}
+			tproto, err := timestampProto(t)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			propsCopy := *props // Make a copy so that this is goroutine-safe
+			propsCopy.StdTime = false
+			err = tm.writeAny(w, reflect.ValueOf(tproto), &propsCopy)
+			return err
+		} else if props.StdDuration {
+			d, ok := v.Interface().(time.Duration)
+			if !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("stdtime is not time.Duration, but %T", v.Interface())
+			}
+			dproto := durationProto(d)
+			propsCopy := *props // Make a copy so that this is goroutine-safe
+			propsCopy.StdDuration = false
+			err := tm.writeAny(w, reflect.ValueOf(dproto), &propsCopy)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Floats have special cases.
+	if v.Kind() == reflect.Float32 || v.Kind() == reflect.Float64 {
+		x := v.Float()
+		var b []byte
+		switch {
+		case math.IsInf(x, 1):
+			b = posInf
+		case math.IsInf(x, -1):
+			b = negInf
+		case math.IsNaN(x):
+			b = nan
+		}
+		if b != nil {
+			_, err := w.Write(b)
+			return err
+		}
+		// Other values are handled below.
+	}
+
+	// We don't attempt to serialise every possible value type; only those
+	// that can occur in protocol buffers.
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		// Should only be a []byte; repeated fields are handled in writeStruct.
+		if err := writeString(w, string(v.Bytes())); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case reflect.String:
+		if err := writeString(w, v.String()); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		// Required/optional group/message.
+		var bra, ket byte = '<', '>'
+		if props != nil && props.Wire == "group" {
+			bra, ket = '{', '}'
+		}
+		if err := w.WriteByte(bra); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !w.compact {
+			if err := w.WriteByte('\n'); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		w.indent()
+		if v.CanAddr() {
+			// Calling v.Interface on a struct causes the reflect package to
+			// copy the entire struct. This is racy with the new Marshaler
+			// since we atomically update the XXX_sizecache.
+			//
+			// Thus, we retrieve a pointer to the struct if possible to avoid
+			// a race since v.Interface on the pointer doesn't copy the struct.
+			//
+			// If v is not addressable, then we are not worried about a race
+			// since it implies that the binary Marshaler cannot possibly be
+			// mutating this value.
+			v = v.Addr()
+		}
+		if v.Type().Implements(textMarshalerType) {
+			text, err := v.Interface().(encoding.TextMarshaler).MarshalText()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if _, err = w.Write(text); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		} else {
+			if v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				v = v.Elem()
+			}
+			if err := tm.writeStruct(w, v); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		w.unindent()
+		if err := w.WriteByte(ket); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	default:
+		_, err := fmt.Fprint(w, v.Interface())
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// equivalent to C's isprint.
+func isprint(c byte) bool {
+	return c >= 0x20 && c < 0x7f
+}
+
+// writeString writes a string in the protocol buffer text format.
+// It is similar to strconv.Quote except we don't use Go escape sequences,
+// we treat the string as a byte sequence, and we use octal escapes.
+// These differences are to maintain interoperability with the other
+// languages' implementations of the text format.
+func writeString(w *textWriter, s string) error {
+	// use WriteByte here to get any needed indent
+	if err := w.WriteByte('"'); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Loop over the bytes, not the runes.
+	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
+		var err error
+		// Divergence from C++: we don't escape apostrophes.
+		// There's no need to escape them, and the C++ parser
+		// copes with a naked apostrophe.
+		switch c := s[i]; c {
+		case '\n':
+			_, err = w.w.Write(backslashN)
+		case '\r':
+			_, err = w.w.Write(backslashR)
+		case '\t':
+			_, err = w.w.Write(backslashT)
+		case '"':
+			_, err = w.w.Write(backslashDQ)
+		case '\\':
+			_, err = w.w.Write(backslashBS)
+		default:
+			if isprint(c) {
+				err = w.w.WriteByte(c)
+			} else {
+				_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w.w, "\\%03o", c)
+			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return w.WriteByte('"')
+}
+
+func writeUnknownStruct(w *textWriter, data []byte) (err error) {
+	if !w.compact {
+		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "/* %d unknown bytes */\n", len(data)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	b := NewBuffer(data)
+	for b.index < len(b.buf) {
+		x, err := b.DecodeVarint()
+		if err != nil {
+			_, ferr := fmt.Fprintf(w, "/* %v */\n", err)
+			return ferr
+		}
+		wire, tag := x&7, x>>3
+		if wire == WireEndGroup {
+			w.unindent()
+			if _, werr := w.Write(endBraceNewline); werr != nil {
+				return werr
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ferr := fmt.Fprint(w, tag); ferr != nil {
+			return ferr
+		}
+		if wire != WireStartGroup {
+			if err = w.WriteByte(':'); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if !w.compact || wire == WireStartGroup {
+			if err = w.WriteByte(' '); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		switch wire {
+		case WireBytes:
+			buf, e := b.DecodeRawBytes(false)
+			if e == nil {
+				_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, "%q", buf)
+			} else {
+				_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, "/* %v */", e)
+			}
+		case WireFixed32:
+			x, err = b.DecodeFixed32()
+			err = writeUnknownInt(w, x, err)
+		case WireFixed64:
+			x, err = b.DecodeFixed64()
+			err = writeUnknownInt(w, x, err)
+		case WireStartGroup:
+			err = w.WriteByte('{')
+			w.indent()
+		case WireVarint:
+			x, err = b.DecodeVarint()
+			err = writeUnknownInt(w, x, err)
+		default:
+			_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, "/* unknown wire type %d */", wire)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := w.WriteByte('\n'); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func writeUnknownInt(w *textWriter, x uint64, err error) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		_, err = fmt.Fprint(w, x)
+	} else {
+		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, "/* %v */", err)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+type int32Slice []int32
+
+func (s int32Slice) Len() int           { return len(s) }
+func (s int32Slice) Less(i, j int) bool { return s[i] < s[j] }
+func (s int32Slice) Swap(i, j int)      { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] }
+
+// writeExtensions writes all the extensions in pv.
+// pv is assumed to be a pointer to a protocol message struct that is extendable.
+func (tm *TextMarshaler) writeExtensions(w *textWriter, pv reflect.Value) error {
+	emap := extensionMaps[pv.Type().Elem()]
+	e := pv.Interface().(Message)
+
+	var m map[int32]Extension
+	var mu sync.Locker
+	if em, ok := e.(extensionsBytes); ok {
+		eb := em.GetExtensions()
+		var err error
+		m, err = BytesToExtensionsMap(*eb)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		mu = notLocker{}
+	} else if _, ok := e.(extendableProto); ok {
+		ep, _ := extendable(e)
+		m, mu = ep.extensionsRead()
+		if m == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Order the extensions by ID.
+	// This isn't strictly necessary, but it will give us
+	// canonical output, which will also make testing easier.
+
+	mu.Lock()
+	ids := make([]int32, 0, len(m))
+	for id := range m {
+		ids = append(ids, id)
+	}
+	sort.Sort(int32Slice(ids))
+	mu.Unlock()
+
+	for _, extNum := range ids {
+		ext := m[extNum]
+		var desc *ExtensionDesc
+		if emap != nil {
+			desc = emap[extNum]
+		}
+		if desc == nil {
+			// Unknown extension.
+			if err := writeUnknownStruct(w, ext.enc); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		pb, err := GetExtension(e, desc)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed getting extension: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		// Repeated extensions will appear as a slice.
+		if !desc.repeated() {
+			if err := tm.writeExtension(w, desc.Name, pb); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		} else {
+			v := reflect.ValueOf(pb)
+			for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
+				if err := tm.writeExtension(w, desc.Name, v.Index(i).Interface()); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (tm *TextMarshaler) writeExtension(w *textWriter, name string, pb interface{}) error {
+	if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "[%s]:", name); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !w.compact {
+		if err := w.WriteByte(' '); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if err := tm.writeAny(w, reflect.ValueOf(pb), nil); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := w.WriteByte('\n'); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (w *textWriter) writeIndent() {
+	if !w.complete {
+		return
+	}
+	remain := w.ind * 2
+	for remain > 0 {
+		n := remain
+		if n > len(spaces) {
+			n = len(spaces)
+		}
+		w.w.Write(spaces[:n])
+		remain -= n
+	}
+	w.complete = false
+}
+
+// TextMarshaler is a configurable text format marshaler.
+type TextMarshaler struct {
+	Compact   bool // use compact text format (one line).
+	ExpandAny bool // expand google.protobuf.Any messages of known types
+}
+
+// Marshal writes a given protocol buffer in text format.
+// The only errors returned are from w.
+func (tm *TextMarshaler) Marshal(w io.Writer, pb Message) error {
+	val := reflect.ValueOf(pb)
+	if pb == nil || val.IsNil() {
+		w.Write([]byte("<nil>"))
+		return nil
+	}
+	var bw *bufio.Writer
+	ww, ok := w.(writer)
+	if !ok {
+		bw = bufio.NewWriter(w)
+		ww = bw
+	}
+	aw := &textWriter{
+		w:        ww,
+		complete: true,
+		compact:  tm.Compact,
+	}
+
+	if etm, ok := pb.(encoding.TextMarshaler); ok {
+		text, err := etm.MarshalText()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if _, err = aw.Write(text); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if bw != nil {
+			return bw.Flush()
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Dereference the received pointer so we don't have outer < and >.
+	v := reflect.Indirect(val)
+	if err := tm.writeStruct(aw, v); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if bw != nil {
+		return bw.Flush()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Text is the same as Marshal, but returns the string directly.
+func (tm *TextMarshaler) Text(pb Message) string {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	tm.Marshal(&buf, pb)
+	return buf.String()
+}
+
+var (
+	defaultTextMarshaler = TextMarshaler{}
+	compactTextMarshaler = TextMarshaler{Compact: true}
+)
+
+// TODO: consider removing some of the Marshal functions below.
+
+// MarshalText writes a given protocol buffer in text format.
+// The only errors returned are from w.
+func MarshalText(w io.Writer, pb Message) error { return defaultTextMarshaler.Marshal(w, pb) }
+
+// MarshalTextString is the same as MarshalText, but returns the string directly.
+func MarshalTextString(pb Message) string { return defaultTextMarshaler.Text(pb) }
+
+// CompactText writes a given protocol buffer in compact text format (one line).
+func CompactText(w io.Writer, pb Message) error { return compactTextMarshaler.Marshal(w, pb) }
+
+// CompactTextString is the same as CompactText, but returns the string directly.
+func CompactTextString(pb Message) string { return compactTextMarshaler.Text(pb) }
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2013, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+func (tm *TextMarshaler) writeEnum(w *textWriter, v reflect.Value, props *Properties) error {
+	m, ok := enumStringMaps[props.Enum]
+	if !ok {
+		if err := tm.writeAny(w, v, props); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	key := int32(0)
+	if v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		key = int32(v.Elem().Int())
+	} else {
+		key = int32(v.Int())
+	}
+	s, ok := m[key]
+	if !ok {
+		if err := tm.writeAny(w, v, props); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	_, err := fmt.Fprint(w, s)
+	return err
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+// This file implements operations on google.protobuf.Timestamp.
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Seconds field of the earliest valid Timestamp.
+	// This is time.Date(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).Unix().
+	minValidSeconds = -62135596800
+	// Seconds field just after the latest valid Timestamp.
+	// This is time.Date(10000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).Unix().
+	maxValidSeconds = 253402300800
+)
+
+// validateTimestamp determines whether a Timestamp is valid.
+// A valid timestamp represents a time in the range
+// [0001-01-01, 10000-01-01) and has a Nanos field
+// in the range [0, 1e9).
+//
+// If the Timestamp is valid, validateTimestamp returns nil.
+// Otherwise, it returns an error that describes
+// the problem.
+//
+// Every valid Timestamp can be represented by a time.Time, but the converse is not true.
+func validateTimestamp(ts *timestamp) error {
+	if ts == nil {
+		return errors.New("timestamp: nil Timestamp")
+	}
+	if ts.Seconds < minValidSeconds {
+		return fmt.Errorf("timestamp: %#v before 0001-01-01", ts)
+	}
+	if ts.Seconds >= maxValidSeconds {
+		return fmt.Errorf("timestamp: %#v after 10000-01-01", ts)
+	}
+	if ts.Nanos < 0 || ts.Nanos >= 1e9 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("timestamp: %#v: nanos not in range [0, 1e9)", ts)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// TimestampFromProto converts a google.protobuf.Timestamp proto to a time.Time.
+// It returns an error if the argument is invalid.
+//
+// Unlike most Go functions, if Timestamp returns an error, the first return value
+// is not the zero time.Time. Instead, it is the value obtained from the
+// time.Unix function when passed the contents of the Timestamp, in the UTC
+// locale. This may or may not be a meaningful time; many invalid Timestamps
+// do map to valid time.Times.
+//
+// A nil Timestamp returns an error. The first return value in that case is
+// undefined.
+func timestampFromProto(ts *timestamp) (time.Time, error) {
+	// Don't return the zero value on error, because corresponds to a valid
+	// timestamp. Instead return whatever time.Unix gives us.
+	var t time.Time
+	if ts == nil {
+		t = time.Unix(0, 0).UTC() // treat nil like the empty Timestamp
+	} else {
+		t = time.Unix(ts.Seconds, int64(ts.Nanos)).UTC()
+	}
+	return t, validateTimestamp(ts)
+}
+
+// TimestampProto converts the time.Time to a google.protobuf.Timestamp proto.
+// It returns an error if the resulting Timestamp is invalid.
+func timestampProto(t time.Time) (*timestamp, error) {
+	seconds := t.Unix()
+	nanos := int32(t.Sub(time.Unix(seconds, 0)))
+	ts := &timestamp{
+		Seconds: seconds,
+		Nanos:   nanos,
+	}
+	if err := validateTimestamp(ts); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ts, nil
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2016, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var timeType = reflect.TypeOf((*time.Time)(nil)).Elem()
+
+type timestamp struct {
+	Seconds int64 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=seconds,proto3" json:"seconds,omitempty"`
+	Nanos   int32 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=nanos,proto3" json:"nanos,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *timestamp) Reset()       { *m = timestamp{} }
+func (*timestamp) ProtoMessage()  {}
+func (*timestamp) String() string { return "timestamp<string>" }
+
+func init() {
+	RegisterType((*timestamp)(nil), "gogo.protobuf.proto.timestamp")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2018, The GoGo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+type float64Value struct {
+	Value float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,1,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *float64Value) Reset()       { *m = float64Value{} }
+func (*float64Value) ProtoMessage()  {}
+func (*float64Value) String() string { return "float64<string>" }
+
+type float32Value struct {
+	Value float32 `protobuf:"fixed32,1,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *float32Value) Reset()       { *m = float32Value{} }
+func (*float32Value) ProtoMessage()  {}
+func (*float32Value) String() string { return "float32<string>" }
+
+type int64Value struct {
+	Value int64 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *int64Value) Reset()       { *m = int64Value{} }
+func (*int64Value) ProtoMessage()  {}
+func (*int64Value) String() string { return "int64<string>" }
+
+type uint64Value struct {
+	Value uint64 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *uint64Value) Reset()       { *m = uint64Value{} }
+func (*uint64Value) ProtoMessage()  {}
+func (*uint64Value) String() string { return "uint64<string>" }
+
+type int32Value struct {
+	Value int32 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *int32Value) Reset()       { *m = int32Value{} }
+func (*int32Value) ProtoMessage()  {}
+func (*int32Value) String() string { return "int32<string>" }
+
+type uint32Value struct {
+	Value uint32 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *uint32Value) Reset()       { *m = uint32Value{} }
+func (*uint32Value) ProtoMessage()  {}
+func (*uint32Value) String() string { return "uint32<string>" }
+
+type boolValue struct {
+	Value bool `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *boolValue) Reset()       { *m = boolValue{} }
+func (*boolValue) ProtoMessage()  {}
+func (*boolValue) String() string { return "bool<string>" }
+
+type stringValue struct {
+	Value string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *stringValue) Reset()       { *m = stringValue{} }
+func (*stringValue) ProtoMessage()  {}
+func (*stringValue) String() string { return "string<string>" }
+
+type bytesValue struct {
+	Value []byte `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *bytesValue) Reset()       { *m = bytesValue{} }
+func (*bytesValue) ProtoMessage()  {}
+func (*bytesValue) String() string { return "[]byte<string>" }
+
+func init() {
+	RegisterType((*float64Value)(nil), "gogo.protobuf.proto.DoubleValue")
+	RegisterType((*float32Value)(nil), "gogo.protobuf.proto.FloatValue")
+	RegisterType((*int64Value)(nil), "gogo.protobuf.proto.Int64Value")
+	RegisterType((*uint64Value)(nil), "gogo.protobuf.proto.UInt64Value")
+	RegisterType((*int32Value)(nil), "gogo.protobuf.proto.Int32Value")
+	RegisterType((*uint32Value)(nil), "gogo.protobuf.proto.UInt32Value")
+	RegisterType((*boolValue)(nil), "gogo.protobuf.proto.BoolValue")
+	RegisterType((*stringValue)(nil), "gogo.protobuf.proto.StringValue")
+	RegisterType((*bytesValue)(nil), "gogo.protobuf.proto.BytesValue")
+}
@@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ const (
 	DiffInsert Operation = 1
 	// DiffEqual item represents an equal diff.
 	DiffEqual Operation = 0
-	//IndexSeparator is used to seperate the array indexes in an index string
-	IndexSeparator = ","
 )

 // Diff represents one diff operation
@@ -406,14 +404,11 @@ func (dmp *DiffMatchPatch) DiffLinesToRunes(text1, text2 string) ([]rune, []rune
 func (dmp *DiffMatchPatch) DiffCharsToLines(diffs []Diff, lineArray []string) []Diff {
 	hydrated := make([]Diff, 0, len(diffs))
 	for _, aDiff := range diffs {
-		chars := strings.Split(aDiff.Text, IndexSeparator)
-		text := make([]string, len(chars))
+		runes := []rune(aDiff.Text)
+		text := make([]string, len(runes))

-		for i, r := range chars {
-			i1, err := strconv.Atoi(r)
-			if err == nil {
-				text[i] = lineArray[i1]
-			}
+		for i, r := range runes {
+			text[i] = lineArray[runeToInt(r)]
 		}

 		aDiff.Text = strings.Join(text, "")
@@ -1151,13 +1146,28 @@ func (dmp *DiffMatchPatch) DiffPrettyText(diffs []Diff) string {

 		switch diff.Type {
 		case DiffInsert:
-			_, _ = buff.WriteString("\x1b[32m")
-			_, _ = buff.WriteString(text)
-			_, _ = buff.WriteString("\x1b[0m")
+			lines := strings.Split(text, "\n")
+			for i, line := range lines {
+				_, _ = buff.WriteString("\x1b[32m")
+				_, _ = buff.WriteString(line)
+				if i < len(lines)-1 {
+					_, _ = buff.WriteString("\x1b[0m\n")
+				} else {
+					_, _ = buff.WriteString("\x1b[0m")
+				}
+			}
+
 		case DiffDelete:
-			_, _ = buff.WriteString("\x1b[31m")
-			_, _ = buff.WriteString(text)
-			_, _ = buff.WriteString("\x1b[0m")
+			lines := strings.Split(text, "\n")
+			for i, line := range lines {
+				_, _ = buff.WriteString("\x1b[31m")
+				_, _ = buff.WriteString(line)
+				if i < len(lines)-1 {
+					_, _ = buff.WriteString("\x1b[0m\n")
+				} else {
+					_, _ = buff.WriteString("\x1b[0m")
+				}
+			}
 		case DiffEqual:
 			_, _ = buff.WriteString(text)
 		}
@@ -1310,7 +1320,6 @@ func (dmp *DiffMatchPatch) DiffFromDelta(text1 string, delta string) (diffs []Di

 // diffLinesToStrings splits two texts into a list of strings. Each string represents one line.
 func (dmp *DiffMatchPatch) diffLinesToStrings(text1, text2 string) (string, string, []string) {
-	// '\x00' is a valid character, but various debuggers don't like it. So we'll insert a junk entry to avoid generating a null character.
 	lineArray := []string{""} // e.g. lineArray[4] == 'Hello\n'

 	lineHash := make(map[string]int)
@@ -1321,12 +1330,11 @@ func (dmp *DiffMatchPatch) diffLinesToStrings(text1, text2 string) (string, stri
 	return intArrayToString(strIndexArray1), intArrayToString(strIndexArray2), lineArray
 }

-// diffLinesToStringsMunge splits a text into an array of strings, and reduces the texts to a []string.
-func (dmp *DiffMatchPatch) diffLinesToStringsMunge(text string, lineArray *[]string, lineHash map[string]int) []uint32 {
-	// Walk the text, pulling out a substring for each line. text.split('\n') would would temporarily double our memory footprint. Modifying text would create many large strings to garbage collect.
+// diffLinesToStringsMunge splits a text into an array of strings, and reduces the texts to a []index.
+func (dmp *DiffMatchPatch) diffLinesToStringsMunge(text string, lineArray *[]string, lineHash map[string]int) []index {
 	lineStart := 0
 	lineEnd := -1
-	strs := []uint32{}
+	strs := []index{}

 	for lineEnd < len(text)-1 {
 		lineEnd = indexOf(text, "\n", lineStart)
@@ -1340,11 +1348,11 @@ func (dmp *DiffMatchPatch) diffLinesToStringsMunge(text string, lineArray *[]str
 		lineValue, ok := lineHash[line]

 		if ok {
-			strs = append(strs, uint32(lineValue))
+			strs = append(strs, index(lineValue))
 		} else {
 			*lineArray = append(*lineArray, line)
 			lineHash[line] = len(*lineArray) - 1
-			strs = append(strs, uint32(len(*lineArray)-1))
+			strs = append(strs, index(len(*lineArray)-1))
 		}
 	}

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package diffmatchpatch
+
+type index uint32
+
+const runeSkipStart = 0xd800
+const runeSkipEnd = 0xdfff + 1
+const runeMax = 0x110000 // next invalid code point
+
+func stringToIndex(text string) []index {
+	runes := []rune(text)
+	indexes := make([]index, len(runes))
+	for i, r := range runes {
+		if r < runeSkipEnd {
+			indexes[i] = index(r)
+		} else {
+			indexes[i] = index(r) - (runeSkipEnd - runeSkipStart)
+		}
+	}
+	return indexes
+}
+
+func indexesToString(indexes []index) string {
+	runes := make([]rune, len(indexes))
+	for i, index := range indexes {
+		if index < runeSkipStart {
+			runes[i] = rune(index)
+		} else {
+			runes[i] = rune(index + (runeSkipEnd - runeSkipStart))
+		}
+	}
+	return string(runes)
+}
@@ -9,11 +9,16 @@
 package diffmatchpatch

 import (
-	"strconv"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 )

+const UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_START = 0xD800
+const UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_END = 0xDFFF
+const UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_DELTA = UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_END - UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_START + 1
+const UNICODE_RANGE_MAX = 0x10FFFF
+
 // unescaper unescapes selected chars for compatibility with JavaScript's encodeURI.
 // In speed critical applications this could be dropped since the receiving application will certainly decode these fine. Note that this function is case-sensitive.  Thus "%3F" would not be unescaped.  But this is ok because it is only called with the output of HttpUtility.UrlEncode which returns lowercase hex. Example: "%3f" -> "?", "%24" -> "$", etc.
 var unescaper = strings.NewReplacer(
@@ -88,19 +93,98 @@ func runesIndex(r1, r2 []rune) int {
 	return -1
 }

-func intArrayToString(ns []uint32) string {
+func intArrayToString(ns []index) string {
 	if len(ns) == 0 {
 		return ""
 	}

-	indexSeparator := IndexSeparator[0]
-
-	// Appr. 3 chars per num plus the comma.
-	b := []byte{}
+	b := []rune{}
 	for _, n := range ns {
-		b = strconv.AppendInt(b, int64(n), 10)
-		b = append(b, indexSeparator)
+		b = append(b, intToRune(uint32(n)))
 	}
-	b = b[:len(b)-1]
 	return string(b)
 }
+
+// These constants define the number of bits representable
+// in 1,2,3,4 byte utf8 sequences, respectively.
+const ONE_BYTE_BITS = 7
+const TWO_BYTE_BITS = 11
+const THREE_BYTE_BITS = 16
+const FOUR_BYTE_BITS = 21
+
+// Helper for getting a sequence of bits from an integer.
+func getBits(i uint32, cnt byte, from byte) byte {
+	return byte((i >> from) & ((1 << cnt) - 1))
+}
+
+// Converts an integer in the range 0~1112060 into a rune.
+// Based on the ranges table in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
+func intToRune(i uint32) rune {
+	if i < (1 << ONE_BYTE_BITS) {
+		return rune(i)
+	}
+
+	if i < (1 << TWO_BYTE_BITS) {
+		r, size := utf8.DecodeRune([]byte{0b11000000 | getBits(i, 5, 6), 0b10000000 | getBits(i, 6, 0)})
+		if size != 2 || r == utf8.RuneError {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Error encoding an int %d with size 2, got rune %v and size %d", size, r, i))
+		}
+		return r
+	}
+
+	// Last -3 here needed because for some reason 3rd to last codepoint 65533 in this range
+	// was returning utf8.RuneError during encoding.
+	if i < ((1 << THREE_BYTE_BITS) - UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_DELTA - 3) {
+		if i >= UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_START {
+			i += UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_DELTA
+		}
+
+		r, size := utf8.DecodeRune([]byte{0b11100000 | getBits(i, 4, 12), 0b10000000 | getBits(i, 6, 6), 0b10000000 | getBits(i, 6, 0)})
+		if size != 3 || r == utf8.RuneError {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Error encoding an int %d with size 3, got rune %v and size %d", size, r, i))
+		}
+		return r
+	}
+
+	if i < (1<<FOUR_BYTE_BITS - UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_DELTA - 3) {
+		i += UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_DELTA + 3
+		r, size := utf8.DecodeRune([]byte{0b11110000 | getBits(i, 3, 18), 0b10000000 | getBits(i, 6, 12), 0b10000000 | getBits(i, 6, 6), 0b10000000 | getBits(i, 6, 0)})
+		if size != 4 || r == utf8.RuneError {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Error encoding an int %d with size 4, got rune %v and size %d", size, r, i))
+		}
+		return r
+	}
+	panic(fmt.Sprintf("The integer %d is too large for runeToInt()", i))
+}
+
+// Converts a rune generated by intToRune back to an integer
+func runeToInt(r rune) uint32 {
+	i := uint32(r)
+	if i < (1 << ONE_BYTE_BITS) {
+		return i
+	}
+
+	bytes := []byte{0, 0, 0, 0}
+
+	size := utf8.EncodeRune(bytes, r)
+
+	if size == 2 {
+		return uint32(bytes[0]&0b11111)<<6 | uint32(bytes[1]&0b111111)
+	}
+
+	if size == 3 {
+		result := uint32(bytes[0]&0b1111)<<12 | uint32(bytes[1]&0b111111)<<6 | uint32(bytes[2]&0b111111)
+		if result >= UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_END {
+			return result - UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_DELTA
+		}
+
+		return result
+	}
+
+	if size == 4 {
+		result := uint32(bytes[0]&0b111)<<18 | uint32(bytes[1]&0b111111)<<12 | uint32(bytes[2]&0b111111)<<6 | uint32(bytes[3]&0b111111)
+		return result - UNICODE_INVALID_RANGE_DELTA - 3
+	}
+
+	panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unexpected state decoding rune=%v size=%d", r, size))
+}
@@ -284,6 +284,33 @@ func main() {
 }
 ```

+### Using pflag with go test
+`pflag` does not parse the shorthand versions of go test's built-in flags (i.e., those starting with `-test.`).
+For more context, see issues [#63](https://github.com/spf13/pflag/issues/63) and [#238](https://github.com/spf13/pflag/issues/238) for more details.
+
+For example, if you use pflag in your `TestMain` function and call `pflag.Parse()` after defining your custom flags, running a test like this:
+```bash
+go test /your/tests -run ^YourTest -v --your-test-pflags
+```
+will result in the `-v` flag being ignored. This happens because of the way pflag handles flag parsing, skipping over go test's built-in shorthand flags.
+To work around this, you can use the `ParseSkippedFlags` function, which ensures that go test's flags are parsed separately using the standard flag package.
+
+**Example**: You want to parse go test flags that are otherwise ignore by `pflag.Parse()`
+```go
+import (
+	goflag "flag"
+	flag "github.com/spf13/pflag"
+)
+
+var ip *int = flag.Int("flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname")
+
+func main() {
+	flag.CommandLine.AddGoFlagSet(goflag.CommandLine)
+    flag.ParseSkippedFlags(os.Args[1:], goflag.CommandLine)
+	flag.Parse()
+}
+```
+
 ## More info

 You can see the full reference documentation of the pflag package
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package pflag
+
+// -- func Value
+type boolfuncValue func(string) error
+
+func (f boolfuncValue) Set(s string) error { return f(s) }
+
+func (f boolfuncValue) Type() string { return "boolfunc" }
+
+func (f boolfuncValue) String() string { return "" } // same behavior as stdlib 'flag' package
+
+func (f boolfuncValue) IsBoolFlag() bool { return true }
+
+// BoolFunc defines a func flag with specified name, callback function and usage string.
+//
+// The callback function will be called every time "--{name}" (or any form that matches the flag) is parsed
+// on the command line.
+func (f *FlagSet) BoolFunc(name string, usage string, fn func(string) error) {
+	f.BoolFuncP(name, "", usage, fn)
+}
+
+// BoolFuncP is like BoolFunc, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
+func (f *FlagSet) BoolFuncP(name, shorthand string, usage string, fn func(string) error) {
+	var val Value = boolfuncValue(fn)
+	flag := f.VarPF(val, name, shorthand, usage)
+	flag.NoOptDefVal = "true"
+}
+
+// BoolFunc defines a func flag with specified name, callback function and usage string.
+//
+// The callback function will be called every time "--{name}" (or any form that matches the flag) is parsed
+// on the command line.
+func BoolFunc(name string, usage string, fn func(string) error) {
+	CommandLine.BoolFuncP(name, "", usage, fn)
+}
+
+// BoolFuncP is like BoolFunc, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
+func BoolFuncP(name, shorthand string, usage string, fn func(string) error) {
+	CommandLine.BoolFuncP(name, shorthand, usage, fn)
+}
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) CountP(name, shorthand string, usage string) *int {

 // Count defines a count flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
 // The return value is the address of an int variable that stores the value of the flag.
-// A count flag will add 1 to its value evey time it is found on the command line
+// A count flag will add 1 to its value every time it is found on the command line
 func Count(name string, usage string) *int {
 	return CommandLine.CountP(name, "", usage)
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package pflag
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// notExistErrorMessageType specifies which flavor of "flag does not exist"
+// is printed by NotExistError. This allows the related errors to be grouped
+// under a single NotExistError struct without making a breaking change to
+// the error message text.
+type notExistErrorMessageType int
+
+const (
+	flagNotExistMessage notExistErrorMessageType = iota
+	flagNotDefinedMessage
+	flagNoSuchFlagMessage
+	flagUnknownFlagMessage
+	flagUnknownShorthandFlagMessage
+)
+
+// NotExistError is the error returned when trying to access a flag that
+// does not exist in the FlagSet.
+type NotExistError struct {
+	name                string
+	specifiedShorthands string
+	messageType         notExistErrorMessageType
+}
+
+// Error implements error.
+func (e *NotExistError) Error() string {
+	switch e.messageType {
+	case flagNotExistMessage:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("flag %q does not exist", e.name)
+
+	case flagNotDefinedMessage:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("flag accessed but not defined: %s", e.name)
+
+	case flagNoSuchFlagMessage:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("no such flag -%v", e.name)
+
+	case flagUnknownFlagMessage:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("unknown flag: --%s", e.name)
+
+	case flagUnknownShorthandFlagMessage:
+		c := rune(e.name[0])
+		return fmt.Sprintf("unknown shorthand flag: %q in -%s", c, e.specifiedShorthands)
+	}
+
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("unknown flagNotExistErrorMessageType: %v", e.messageType))
+}
+
+// GetSpecifiedName returns the name of the flag (without dashes) as it
+// appeared in the parsed arguments.
+func (e *NotExistError) GetSpecifiedName() string {
+	return e.name
+}
+
+// GetSpecifiedShortnames returns the group of shorthand arguments
+// (without dashes) that the flag appeared within. If the flag was not in a
+// shorthand group, this will return an empty string.
+func (e *NotExistError) GetSpecifiedShortnames() string {
+	return e.specifiedShorthands
+}
+
+// ValueRequiredError is the error returned when a flag needs an argument but
+// no argument was provided.
+type ValueRequiredError struct {
+	flag                *Flag
+	specifiedName       string
+	specifiedShorthands string
+}
+
+// Error implements error.
+func (e *ValueRequiredError) Error() string {
+	if len(e.specifiedShorthands) > 0 {
+		c := rune(e.specifiedName[0])
+		return fmt.Sprintf("flag needs an argument: %q in -%s", c, e.specifiedShorthands)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("flag needs an argument: --%s", e.specifiedName)
+}
+
+// GetFlag returns the flag for which the error occurred.
+func (e *ValueRequiredError) GetFlag() *Flag {
+	return e.flag
+}
+
+// GetSpecifiedName returns the name of the flag (without dashes) as it
+// appeared in the parsed arguments.
+func (e *ValueRequiredError) GetSpecifiedName() string {
+	return e.specifiedName
+}
+
+// GetSpecifiedShortnames returns the group of shorthand arguments
+// (without dashes) that the flag appeared within. If the flag was not in a
+// shorthand group, this will return an empty string.
+func (e *ValueRequiredError) GetSpecifiedShortnames() string {
+	return e.specifiedShorthands
+}
+
+// InvalidValueError is the error returned when an invalid value is used
+// for a flag.
+type InvalidValueError struct {
+	flag  *Flag
+	value string
+	cause error
+}
+
+// Error implements error.
+func (e *InvalidValueError) Error() string {
+	flag := e.flag
+	var flagName string
+	if flag.Shorthand != "" && flag.ShorthandDeprecated == "" {
+		flagName = fmt.Sprintf("-%s, --%s", flag.Shorthand, flag.Name)
+	} else {
+		flagName = fmt.Sprintf("--%s", flag.Name)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("invalid argument %q for %q flag: %v", e.value, flagName, e.cause)
+}
+
+// Unwrap implements errors.Unwrap.
+func (e *InvalidValueError) Unwrap() error {
+	return e.cause
+}
+
+// GetFlag returns the flag for which the error occurred.
+func (e *InvalidValueError) GetFlag() *Flag {
+	return e.flag
+}
+
+// GetValue returns the invalid value that was provided.
+func (e *InvalidValueError) GetValue() string {
+	return e.value
+}
+
+// InvalidSyntaxError is the error returned when a bad flag name is passed on
+// the command line.
+type InvalidSyntaxError struct {
+	specifiedFlag string
+}
+
+// Error implements error.
+func (e *InvalidSyntaxError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("bad flag syntax: %s", e.specifiedFlag)
+}
+
+// GetSpecifiedName returns the exact flag (with dashes) as it
+// appeared in the parsed arguments.
+func (e *InvalidSyntaxError) GetSpecifiedFlag() string {
+	return e.specifiedFlag
+}
@@ -27,23 +27,32 @@ unaffected.
 Define flags using flag.String(), Bool(), Int(), etc.

 This declares an integer flag, -flagname, stored in the pointer ip, with type *int.
+
 	var ip = flag.Int("flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname")
+
 If you like, you can bind the flag to a variable using the Var() functions.
+
 	var flagvar int
 	func init() {
 		flag.IntVar(&flagvar, "flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname")
 	}
+
 Or you can create custom flags that satisfy the Value interface (with
 pointer receivers) and couple them to flag parsing by
+
 	flag.Var(&flagVal, "name", "help message for flagname")
+
 For such flags, the default value is just the initial value of the variable.

 After all flags are defined, call
+
 	flag.Parse()
+
 to parse the command line into the defined flags.

 Flags may then be used directly. If you're using the flags themselves,
 they are all pointers; if you bind to variables, they're values.
+
 	fmt.Println("ip has value ", *ip)
 	fmt.Println("flagvar has value ", flagvar)

@@ -54,22 +63,26 @@ The arguments are indexed from 0 through flag.NArg()-1.
 The pflag package also defines some new functions that are not in flag,
 that give one-letter shorthands for flags. You can use these by appending
 'P' to the name of any function that defines a flag.
+
 	var ip = flag.IntP("flagname", "f", 1234, "help message")
 	var flagvar bool
 	func init() {
 		flag.BoolVarP(&flagvar, "boolname", "b", true, "help message")
 	}
 	flag.VarP(&flagval, "varname", "v", "help message")
+
 Shorthand letters can be used with single dashes on the command line.
 Boolean shorthand flags can be combined with other shorthand flags.

 Command line flag syntax:
+
 	--flag    // boolean flags only
 	--flag=x

 Unlike the flag package, a single dash before an option means something
 different than a double dash. Single dashes signify a series of shorthand
 letters for flags. All but the last shorthand letter must be boolean flags.
+
 	// boolean flags
 	-f
 	-abc
@@ -381,7 +394,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) lookup(name NormalizedName) *Flag {
 func (f *FlagSet) getFlagType(name string, ftype string, convFunc func(sval string) (interface{}, error)) (interface{}, error) {
 	flag := f.Lookup(name)
 	if flag == nil {
-		err := fmt.Errorf("flag accessed but not defined: %s", name)
+		err := &NotExistError{name: name, messageType: flagNotDefinedMessage}
 		return nil, err
 	}

@@ -411,7 +424,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) ArgsLenAtDash() int {
 func (f *FlagSet) MarkDeprecated(name string, usageMessage string) error {
 	flag := f.Lookup(name)
 	if flag == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("flag %q does not exist", name)
+		return &NotExistError{name: name, messageType: flagNotExistMessage}
 	}
 	if usageMessage == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("deprecated message for flag %q must be set", name)
@@ -427,7 +440,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) MarkDeprecated(name string, usageMessage string) error {
 func (f *FlagSet) MarkShorthandDeprecated(name string, usageMessage string) error {
 	flag := f.Lookup(name)
 	if flag == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("flag %q does not exist", name)
+		return &NotExistError{name: name, messageType: flagNotExistMessage}
 	}
 	if usageMessage == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("deprecated message for flag %q must be set", name)
@@ -441,7 +454,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) MarkShorthandDeprecated(name string, usageMessage string) erro
 func (f *FlagSet) MarkHidden(name string) error {
 	flag := f.Lookup(name)
 	if flag == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("flag %q does not exist", name)
+		return &NotExistError{name: name, messageType: flagNotExistMessage}
 	}
 	flag.Hidden = true
 	return nil
@@ -464,18 +477,16 @@ func (f *FlagSet) Set(name, value string) error {
 	normalName := f.normalizeFlagName(name)
 	flag, ok := f.formal[normalName]
 	if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no such flag -%v", name)
+		return &NotExistError{name: name, messageType: flagNoSuchFlagMessage}
 	}

 	err := flag.Value.Set(value)
 	if err != nil {
-		var flagName string
-		if flag.Shorthand != "" && flag.ShorthandDeprecated == "" {
-			flagName = fmt.Sprintf("-%s, --%s", flag.Shorthand, flag.Name)
-		} else {
-			flagName = fmt.Sprintf("--%s", flag.Name)
+		return &InvalidValueError{
+			flag:  flag,
+			value: value,
+			cause: err,
 		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid argument %q for %q flag: %v", value, flagName, err)
 	}

 	if !flag.Changed {
@@ -501,7 +512,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) SetAnnotation(name, key string, values []string) error {
 	normalName := f.normalizeFlagName(name)
 	flag, ok := f.formal[normalName]
 	if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no such flag -%v", name)
+		return &NotExistError{name: name, messageType: flagNoSuchFlagMessage}
 	}
 	if flag.Annotations == nil {
 		flag.Annotations = map[string][]string{}
@@ -538,7 +549,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) PrintDefaults() {
 func (f *Flag) defaultIsZeroValue() bool {
 	switch f.Value.(type) {
 	case boolFlag:
-		return f.DefValue == "false"
+		return f.DefValue == "false" || f.DefValue == ""
 	case *durationValue:
 		// Beginning in Go 1.7, duration zero values are "0s"
 		return f.DefValue == "0" || f.DefValue == "0s"
@@ -551,7 +562,7 @@ func (f *Flag) defaultIsZeroValue() bool {
 	case *intSliceValue, *stringSliceValue, *stringArrayValue:
 		return f.DefValue == "[]"
 	default:
-		switch f.Value.String() {
+		switch f.DefValue {
 		case "false":
 			return true
 		case "<nil>":
@@ -588,8 +599,10 @@ func UnquoteUsage(flag *Flag) (name string, usage string) {

 	name = flag.Value.Type()
 	switch name {
-	case "bool":
+	case "bool", "boolfunc":
 		name = ""
+	case "func":
+		name = "value"
 	case "float64":
 		name = "float"
 	case "int64":
@@ -707,7 +720,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) FlagUsagesWrapped(cols int) string {
 			switch flag.Value.Type() {
 			case "string":
 				line += fmt.Sprintf("[=\"%s\"]", flag.NoOptDefVal)
-			case "bool":
+			case "bool", "boolfunc":
 				if flag.NoOptDefVal != "true" {
 					line += fmt.Sprintf("[=%s]", flag.NoOptDefVal)
 				}
@@ -911,10 +924,9 @@ func VarP(value Value, name, shorthand, usage string) {
 	CommandLine.VarP(value, name, shorthand, usage)
 }

-// failf prints to standard error a formatted error and usage message and
+// fail prints an error message and usage message to standard error and
 // returns the error.
-func (f *FlagSet) failf(format string, a ...interface{}) error {
-	err := fmt.Errorf(format, a...)
+func (f *FlagSet) fail(err error) error {
 	if f.errorHandling != ContinueOnError {
 		fmt.Fprintln(f.Output(), err)
 		f.usage()
@@ -934,9 +946,9 @@ func (f *FlagSet) usage() {
 	}
 }

-//--unknown (args will be empty)
-//--unknown --next-flag ... (args will be --next-flag ...)
-//--unknown arg ... (args will be arg ...)
+// --unknown (args will be empty)
+// --unknown --next-flag ... (args will be --next-flag ...)
+// --unknown arg ... (args will be arg ...)
 func stripUnknownFlagValue(args []string) []string {
 	if len(args) == 0 {
 		//--unknown
@@ -960,7 +972,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) parseLongArg(s string, args []string, fn parseFunc) (a []strin
 	a = args
 	name := s[2:]
 	if len(name) == 0 || name[0] == '-' || name[0] == '=' {
-		err = f.failf("bad flag syntax: %s", s)
+		err = f.fail(&InvalidSyntaxError{specifiedFlag: s})
 		return
 	}

@@ -982,7 +994,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) parseLongArg(s string, args []string, fn parseFunc) (a []strin

 			return stripUnknownFlagValue(a), nil
 		default:
-			err = f.failf("unknown flag: --%s", name)
+			err = f.fail(&NotExistError{name: name, messageType: flagUnknownFlagMessage})
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -1000,13 +1012,16 @@ func (f *FlagSet) parseLongArg(s string, args []string, fn parseFunc) (a []strin
 		a = a[1:]
 	} else {
 		// '--flag' (arg was required)
-		err = f.failf("flag needs an argument: %s", s)
+		err = f.fail(&ValueRequiredError{
+			flag:          flag,
+			specifiedName: name,
+		})
 		return
 	}

 	err = fn(flag, value)
 	if err != nil {
-		f.failf(err.Error())
+		f.fail(err)
 	}
 	return
 }
@@ -1014,7 +1029,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) parseLongArg(s string, args []string, fn parseFunc) (a []strin
 func (f *FlagSet) parseSingleShortArg(shorthands string, args []string, fn parseFunc) (outShorts string, outArgs []string, err error) {
 	outArgs = args

-	if strings.HasPrefix(shorthands, "test.") {
+	if isGotestShorthandFlag(shorthands) {
 		return
 	}

@@ -1039,7 +1054,11 @@ func (f *FlagSet) parseSingleShortArg(shorthands string, args []string, fn parse
 			outArgs = stripUnknownFlagValue(outArgs)
 			return
 		default:
-			err = f.failf("unknown shorthand flag: %q in -%s", c, shorthands)
+			err = f.fail(&NotExistError{
+				name:                string(c),
+				specifiedShorthands: shorthands,
+				messageType:         flagUnknownShorthandFlagMessage,
+			})
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -1062,7 +1081,11 @@ func (f *FlagSet) parseSingleShortArg(shorthands string, args []string, fn parse
 		outArgs = args[1:]
 	} else {
 		// '-f' (arg was required)
-		err = f.failf("flag needs an argument: %q in -%s", c, shorthands)
+		err = f.fail(&ValueRequiredError{
+			flag:                flag,
+			specifiedName:       string(c),
+			specifiedShorthands: shorthands,
+		})
 		return
 	}

@@ -1072,7 +1095,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) parseSingleShortArg(shorthands string, args []string, fn parse

 	err = fn(flag, value)
 	if err != nil {
-		f.failf(err.Error())
+		f.fail(err)
 	}
 	return
 }
@@ -1135,7 +1158,7 @@ func (f *FlagSet) Parse(arguments []string) error {
 	}
 	f.parsed = true

-	if len(arguments) < 0 {
+	if len(arguments) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package pflag
+
+// -- func Value
+type funcValue func(string) error
+
+func (f funcValue) Set(s string) error { return f(s) }
+
+func (f funcValue) Type() string { return "func" }
+
+func (f funcValue) String() string { return "" } // same behavior as stdlib 'flag' package
+
+// Func defines a func flag with specified name, callback function and usage string.
+//
+// The callback function will be called every time "--{name}={value}" (or equivalent) is
+// parsed on the command line, with "{value}" as an argument.
+func (f *FlagSet) Func(name string, usage string, fn func(string) error) {
+	f.FuncP(name, "", usage, fn)
+}
+
+// FuncP is like Func, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
+func (f *FlagSet) FuncP(name string, shorthand string, usage string, fn func(string) error) {
+	var val Value = funcValue(fn)
+	f.VarP(val, name, shorthand, usage)
+}
+
+// Func defines a func flag with specified name, callback function and usage string.
+//
+// The callback function will be called every time "--{name}={value}" (or equivalent) is
+// parsed on the command line, with "{value}" as an argument.
+func Func(name string, usage string, fn func(string) error) {
+	CommandLine.FuncP(name, "", usage, fn)
+}
+
+// FuncP is like Func, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
+func FuncP(name, shorthand string, usage string, fn func(string) error) {
+	CommandLine.FuncP(name, shorthand, usage, fn)
+}
@@ -10,6 +10,15 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )

+// go test flags prefixes
+func isGotestFlag(flag string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(flag, "-test.")
+}
+
+func isGotestShorthandFlag(flag string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(flag, "test.")
+}
+
 // flagValueWrapper implements pflag.Value around a flag.Value.  The main
 // difference here is the addition of the Type method that returns a string
 // name of the type.  As this is generally unknown, we approximate that with
@@ -103,3 +112,16 @@ func (f *FlagSet) AddGoFlagSet(newSet *goflag.FlagSet) {
 	}
 	f.addedGoFlagSets = append(f.addedGoFlagSets, newSet)
 }
+
+// ParseSkippedFlags explicitly Parses go test flags (i.e. the one starting with '-test.') with goflag.Parse(),
+// since by default those are skipped by pflag.Parse().
+// Typical usage example: `ParseGoTestFlags(os.Args[1:], goflag.CommandLine)`
+func ParseSkippedFlags(osArgs []string, goFlagSet *goflag.FlagSet) error {
+	var skippedFlags []string
+	for _, f := range osArgs {
+		if isGotestFlag(f) {
+			skippedFlags = append(skippedFlags, f)
+		}
+	}
+	return goFlagSet.Parse(skippedFlags)
+}
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func (s *ipNetSliceValue) String() string {

 func ipNetSliceConv(val string) (interface{}, error) {
 	val = strings.Trim(val, "[]")
-	// Emtpy string would cause a slice with one (empty) entry
+	// Empty string would cause a slice with one (empty) entry
 	if len(val) == 0 {
 		return []net.IPNet{}, nil
 	}
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package pflag
+
+import (
+	"encoding"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+// following is copied from go 1.23.4 flag.go
+type textValue struct{ p encoding.TextUnmarshaler }
+
+func newTextValue(val encoding.TextMarshaler, p encoding.TextUnmarshaler) textValue {
+	ptrVal := reflect.ValueOf(p)
+	if ptrVal.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+		panic("variable value type must be a pointer")
+	}
+	defVal := reflect.ValueOf(val)
+	if defVal.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		defVal = defVal.Elem()
+	}
+	if defVal.Type() != ptrVal.Type().Elem() {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("default type does not match variable type: %v != %v", defVal.Type(), ptrVal.Type().Elem()))
+	}
+	ptrVal.Elem().Set(defVal)
+	return textValue{p}
+}
+
+func (v textValue) Set(s string) error {
+	return v.p.UnmarshalText([]byte(s))
+}
+
+func (v textValue) Get() interface{} {
+	return v.p
+}
+
+func (v textValue) String() string {
+	if m, ok := v.p.(encoding.TextMarshaler); ok {
+		if b, err := m.MarshalText(); err == nil {
+			return string(b)
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+//end of copy
+
+func (v textValue) Type() string {
+	return reflect.ValueOf(v.p).Type().Name()
+}
+
+// GetText set out, which implements encoding.UnmarshalText, to the value of a flag with given name
+func (f *FlagSet) GetText(name string, out encoding.TextUnmarshaler) error {
+	flag := f.Lookup(name)
+	if flag == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("flag accessed but not defined: %s", name)
+	}
+	if flag.Value.Type() != reflect.TypeOf(out).Name() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("trying to get %s value of flag of type %s", reflect.TypeOf(out).Name(), flag.Value.Type())
+	}
+	return out.UnmarshalText([]byte(flag.Value.String()))
+}
+
+// TextVar defines a flag with a specified name, default value, and usage string. The argument p must be a pointer to a variable that will hold the value of the flag, and p must implement encoding.TextUnmarshaler. If the flag is used, the flag value will be passed to p's UnmarshalText method. The type of the default value must be the same as the type of p.
+func (f *FlagSet) TextVar(p encoding.TextUnmarshaler, name string, value encoding.TextMarshaler, usage string) {
+	f.VarP(newTextValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
+}
+
+// TextVarP is like TextVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
+func (f *FlagSet) TextVarP(p encoding.TextUnmarshaler, name, shorthand string, value encoding.TextMarshaler, usage string) {
+	f.VarP(newTextValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
+}
+
+// TextVar defines a flag with a specified name, default value, and usage string. The argument p must be a pointer to a variable that will hold the value of the flag, and p must implement encoding.TextUnmarshaler. If the flag is used, the flag value will be passed to p's UnmarshalText method. The type of the default value must be the same as the type of p.
+func TextVar(p encoding.TextUnmarshaler, name string, value encoding.TextMarshaler, usage string) {
+	CommandLine.VarP(newTextValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
+}
+
+// TextVarP is like TextVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
+func TextVarP(p encoding.TextUnmarshaler, name, shorthand string, value encoding.TextMarshaler, usage string) {
+	CommandLine.VarP(newTextValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package pflag
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TimeValue adapts time.Time for use as a flag.
+type timeValue struct {
+	*time.Time
+	formats []string
+}
+
+func newTimeValue(val time.Time, p *time.Time, formats []string) *timeValue {
+	*p = val
+	return &timeValue{
+		Time:    p,
+		formats: formats,
+	}
+}
+
+// Set time.Time value from string based on accepted formats.
+func (d *timeValue) Set(s string) error {
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	for _, f := range d.formats {
+		v, err := time.Parse(f, s)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		*d.Time = v
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	formatsString := ""
+	for i, f := range d.formats {
+		if i > 0 {
+			formatsString += ", "
+		}
+		formatsString += fmt.Sprintf("`%s`", f)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("invalid time format `%s` must be one of: %s", s, formatsString)
+}
+
+// Type name for time.Time flags.
+func (d *timeValue) Type() string {
+	return "time"
+}
+
+func (d *timeValue) String() string { return d.Time.Format(time.RFC3339Nano) }
+
+// GetTime return the time value of a flag with the given name
+func (f *FlagSet) GetTime(name string) (time.Time, error) {
+	flag := f.Lookup(name)
+	if flag == nil {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("flag accessed but not defined: %s", name)
+		return time.Time{}, err
+	}
+
+	if flag.Value.Type() != "time" {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("trying to get %s value of flag of type %s", "time", flag.Value.Type())
+		return time.Time{}, err
+	}
+
+	val, ok := flag.Value.(*timeValue)
+	if !ok {
+		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("value %s is not a time", flag.Value)
+	}
+
+	return *val.Time, nil
+}
+
+// TimeVar defines a time.Time flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
+// The argument p points to a time.Time variable in which to store the value of the flag.
+func (f *FlagSet) TimeVar(p *time.Time, name string, value time.Time, formats []string, usage string) {
+	f.TimeVarP(p, name, "", value, formats, usage)
+}
+
+// TimeVarP is like TimeVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
+func (f *FlagSet) TimeVarP(p *time.Time, name, shorthand string, value time.Time, formats []string, usage string) {
+	f.VarP(newTimeValue(value, p, formats), name, shorthand, usage)
+}
+
+// TimeVar defines a time.Time flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
+// The argument p points to a time.Time variable in which to store the value of the flag.
+func TimeVar(p *time.Time, name string, value time.Time, formats []string, usage string) {
+	CommandLine.TimeVarP(p, name, "", value, formats, usage)
+}
+
+// TimeVarP is like TimeVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
+func TimeVarP(p *time.Time, name, shorthand string, value time.Time, formats []string, usage string) {
+	CommandLine.VarP(newTimeValue(value, p, formats), name, shorthand, usage)
+}
+
+// Time defines a time.Time flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
+// The return value is the address of a time.Time variable that stores the value of the flag.
+func (f *FlagSet) Time(name string, value time.Time, formats []string, usage string) *time.Time {
+	return f.TimeP(name, "", value, formats, usage)
+}
+
+// TimeP is like Time, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
+func (f *FlagSet) TimeP(name, shorthand string, value time.Time, formats []string, usage string) *time.Time {
+	p := new(time.Time)
+	f.TimeVarP(p, name, shorthand, value, formats, usage)
+	return p
+}
+
+// Time defines a time.Time flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
+// The return value is the address of a time.Time variable that stores the value of the flag.
+func Time(name string, value time.Time, formats []string, usage string) *time.Time {
+	return CommandLine.TimeP(name, "", value, formats, usage)
+}
+
+// TimeP is like Time, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
+func TimeP(name, shorthand string, value time.Time, formats []string, usage string) *time.Time {
+	return CommandLine.TimeP(name, shorthand, value, formats, usage)
+}
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ func (trie *Trie) compact() *Trie {
 	// If any item is set, we cannot compact since we want to retain
 	// the ability to do searching by key. This makes compaction less usable,
 	// but that simply cannot be avoided.
-	if trie.item != nil || child.item != nil {
+	if child == nil || trie.item != nil || child.item != nil {
 		return trie
 	}

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package core
+
+import (
+	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/gqlerror"
+)
+
+type AddErrFunc func(options ...ErrorOption)
+
+type RuleFunc func(observers *Events, addError AddErrFunc)
+
+type Rule struct {
+	Name     string
+	RuleFunc RuleFunc
+}
+
+// NameSorter sorts Rules by name.
+// usage: sort.Sort(core.NameSorter(specifiedRules))
+type NameSorter []Rule
+
+func (a NameSorter) Len() int           { return len(a) }
+func (a NameSorter) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
+func (a NameSorter) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i].Name < a[j].Name }
+
+type ErrorOption func(err *gqlerror.Error)
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+package core
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/agnivade/levenshtein"
+	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"
+	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/gqlerror"
+)
+
+func Message(msg string, args ...interface{}) ErrorOption {
+	return func(err *gqlerror.Error) {
+		err.Message += fmt.Sprintf(msg, args...)
+	}
+}
+
+func At(position *ast.Position) ErrorOption {
+	return func(err *gqlerror.Error) {
+		if position == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		err.Locations = append(err.Locations, gqlerror.Location{
+			Line:   position.Line,
+			Column: position.Column,
+		})
+		if position.Src.Name != "" {
+			err.SetFile(position.Src.Name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func SuggestListQuoted(prefix string, typed string, suggestions []string) ErrorOption {
+	suggested := SuggestionList(typed, suggestions)
+	return func(err *gqlerror.Error) {
+		if len(suggested) > 0 {
+			err.Message += " " + prefix + " " + QuotedOrList(suggested...) + "?"
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func SuggestListUnquoted(prefix string, typed string, suggestions []string) ErrorOption {
+	suggested := SuggestionList(typed, suggestions)
+	return func(err *gqlerror.Error) {
+		if len(suggested) > 0 {
+			err.Message += " " + prefix + " " + OrList(suggested...) + "?"
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Suggestf(suggestion string, args ...interface{}) ErrorOption {
+	return func(err *gqlerror.Error) {
+		err.Message += " Did you mean " + fmt.Sprintf(suggestion, args...) + "?"
+	}
+}
+
+// Given [ A, B, C ] return '"A", "B", or "C"'.
+func QuotedOrList(items ...string) string {
+	itemsQuoted := make([]string, len(items))
+	for i, item := range items {
+		itemsQuoted[i] = `"` + item + `"`
+	}
+	return OrList(itemsQuoted...)
+}
+
+// Given [ A, B, C ] return 'A, B, or C'.
+func OrList(items ...string) string {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+	if len(items) > 5 {
+		items = items[:5]
+	}
+	if len(items) == 2 {
+		buf.WriteString(items[0])
+		buf.WriteString(" or ")
+		buf.WriteString(items[1])
+		return buf.String()
+	}
+
+	for i, item := range items {
+		if i != 0 {
+			if i == len(items)-1 {
+				buf.WriteString(", or ")
+			} else {
+				buf.WriteString(", ")
+			}
+		}
+		buf.WriteString(item)
+	}
+	return buf.String()
+}
+
+// Given an invalid input string and a list of valid options, returns a filtered
+// list of valid options sorted based on their similarity with the input.
+func SuggestionList(input string, options []string) []string {
+	var results []string
+	optionsByDistance := map[string]int{}
+
+	for _, option := range options {
+		distance := lexicalDistance(input, option)
+		threshold := calcThreshold(input)
+		if distance <= threshold {
+			results = append(results, option)
+			optionsByDistance[option] = distance
+		}
+	}
+
+	sort.Slice(results, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return optionsByDistance[results[i]] < optionsByDistance[results[j]]
+	})
+	return results
+}
+
+func calcThreshold(a string) (threshold int) {
+	// the logic is copied from here
+	// https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/blob/47bd8c8897c72d3efc17ecb1599a95cee6bac5e8/src/jsutils/suggestionList.ts#L14
+	threshold = int(math.Floor(float64(len(a))*0.4) + 1)
+
+	if threshold < 1 {
+		threshold = 1
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// Computes the lexical distance between strings A and B.
+//
+// The "distance" between two strings is given by counting the minimum number
+// of edits needed to transform string A into string B. An edit can be an
+// insertion, deletion, or substitution of a single character, or a swap of two
+// adjacent characters.
+//
+// Includes a custom alteration from Damerau-Levenshtein to treat case changes
+// as a single edit which helps identify mis-cased values with an edit distance
+// of 1.
+//
+// This distance can be useful for detecting typos in input or sorting
+func lexicalDistance(a, b string) int {
+	if a == b {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	a = strings.ToLower(a)
+	b = strings.ToLower(b)
+
+	// Any case change counts as a single edit
+	if a == b {
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	return levenshtein.ComputeDistance(a, b)
+}
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package validator
+package core

 import (
 	"context"
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-package validator
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"
-	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/gqlerror"
-)
-
-type ErrorOption func(err *gqlerror.Error)
-
-func Message(msg string, args ...interface{}) ErrorOption {
-	return func(err *gqlerror.Error) {
-		err.Message += fmt.Sprintf(msg, args...)
-	}
-}
-
-func At(position *ast.Position) ErrorOption {
-	return func(err *gqlerror.Error) {
-		if position == nil {
-			return
-		}
-		err.Locations = append(err.Locations, gqlerror.Location{
-			Line:   position.Line,
-			Column: position.Column,
-		})
-		if position.Src.Name != "" {
-			err.SetFile(position.Src.Name)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func SuggestListQuoted(prefix string, typed string, suggestions []string) ErrorOption {
-	suggested := SuggestionList(typed, suggestions)
-	return func(err *gqlerror.Error) {
-		if len(suggested) > 0 {
-			err.Message += " " + prefix + " " + QuotedOrList(suggested...) + "?"
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func SuggestListUnquoted(prefix string, typed string, suggestions []string) ErrorOption {
-	suggested := SuggestionList(typed, suggestions)
-	return func(err *gqlerror.Error) {
-		if len(suggested) > 0 {
-			err.Message += " " + prefix + " " + OrList(suggested...) + "?"
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func Suggestf(suggestion string, args ...interface{}) ErrorOption {
-	return func(err *gqlerror.Error) {
-		err.Message += " Did you mean " + fmt.Sprintf(suggestion, args...) + "?"
-	}
-}
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-package validator
-
-import "bytes"
-
-// Given [ A, B, C ] return '"A", "B", or "C"'.
-func QuotedOrList(items ...string) string {
-	itemsQuoted := make([]string, len(items))
-	for i, item := range items {
-		itemsQuoted[i] = `"` + item + `"`
-	}
-	return OrList(itemsQuoted...)
-}
-
-// Given [ A, B, C ] return 'A, B, or C'.
-func OrList(items ...string) string {
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-
-	if len(items) > 5 {
-		items = items[:5]
-	}
-	if len(items) == 2 {
-		buf.WriteString(items[0])
-		buf.WriteString(" or ")
-		buf.WriteString(items[1])
-		return buf.String()
-	}
-
-	for i, item := range items {
-		if i != 0 {
-			if i == len(items)-1 {
-				buf.WriteString(", or ")
-			} else {
-				buf.WriteString(", ")
-			}
-		}
-		buf.WriteString(item)
-	}
-	return buf.String()
-}
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 func ruleFuncFieldsOnCorrectType(observers *Events, addError AddErrFunc, disableSuggestion bool) {
@@ -48,10 +48,6 @@ var FieldsOnCorrectTypeRuleWithoutSuggestions = Rule{
 	},
 }

-func init() {
-	AddRule(FieldsOnCorrectTypeRule.Name, FieldsOnCorrectTypeRule.RuleFunc)
-}
-
 // Go through all the implementations of type, as well as the interfaces
 // that they implement. If any of those types include the provided field,
 // suggest them, sorted by how often the type is referenced,  starting
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var FragmentsOnCompositeTypesRule = Rule{
@@ -40,7 +40,3 @@ var FragmentsOnCompositeTypesRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(FragmentsOnCompositeTypesRule.Name, FragmentsOnCompositeTypesRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 func ruleFuncKnownArgumentNames(observers *Events, addError AddErrFunc, disableSuggestion bool) {
@@ -82,7 +82,3 @@ var KnownArgumentNamesRuleWithoutSuggestions = Rule{
 		ruleFuncKnownArgumentNames(observers, addError, true)
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(KnownArgumentNamesRule.Name, KnownArgumentNamesRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var KnownDirectivesRule = Rule{
@@ -48,7 +48,3 @@ var KnownDirectivesRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(KnownDirectivesRule.Name, KnownDirectivesRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var KnownFragmentNamesRule = Rule{
@@ -20,7 +20,3 @@ var KnownFragmentNamesRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(KnownFragmentNamesRule.Name, KnownFragmentNamesRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var KnownRootTypeRule = Rule{
@@ -36,7 +36,3 @@ var KnownRootTypeRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(KnownRootTypeRule.Name, KnownRootTypeRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 func ruleFuncKnownTypeNames(observers *Events, addError AddErrFunc, disableSuggestion bool) {
@@ -78,7 +78,3 @@ var KnownTypeNamesRuleWithoutSuggestions = Rule{
 		ruleFuncKnownTypeNames(observers, addError, true)
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(KnownTypeNamesRule.Name, KnownTypeNamesRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var LoneAnonymousOperationRule = Rule{
@@ -20,7 +20,3 @@ var LoneAnonymousOperationRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(LoneAnonymousOperationRule.Name, LoneAnonymousOperationRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 const maxListsDepth = 3
@@ -84,7 +84,3 @@ func checkDepthFragmentSpread(fragmentSpread *ast.FragmentSpread, visitedFragmen
 	defer delete(visitedFragments, fragmentName)
 	return checkDepthSelectionSet(fragment.SelectionSet, visitedFragments, depth)
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(MaxIntrospectionDepth.Name, MaxIntrospectionDepth.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var NoFragmentCyclesRule = Rule{
@@ -71,10 +71,6 @@ var NoFragmentCyclesRule = Rule{
 	},
 }

-func init() {
-	AddRule(NoFragmentCyclesRule.Name, NoFragmentCyclesRule.RuleFunc)
-}
-
 func getFragmentSpreads(node ast.SelectionSet) []*ast.FragmentSpread {
 	var spreads []*ast.FragmentSpread

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var NoUndefinedVariablesRule = Rule{
@@ -29,7 +29,3 @@ var NoUndefinedVariablesRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(NoUndefinedVariablesRule.Name, NoUndefinedVariablesRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var NoUnusedFragmentsRule = Rule{
@@ -30,7 +30,3 @@ var NoUnusedFragmentsRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(NoUnusedFragmentsRule.Name, NoUnusedFragmentsRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var NoUnusedVariablesRule = Rule{
@@ -31,7 +31,3 @@ var NoUnusedVariablesRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(NoUnusedVariablesRule.Name, NoUnusedVariablesRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var OverlappingFieldsCanBeMergedRule = Rule{
@@ -108,10 +108,6 @@ var OverlappingFieldsCanBeMergedRule = Rule{
 	},
 }

-func init() {
-	AddRule(OverlappingFieldsCanBeMergedRule.Name, OverlappingFieldsCanBeMergedRule.RuleFunc)
-}
-
 type pairSet struct {
 	data map[string]map[string]bool
 }
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var PossibleFragmentSpreadsRule = Rule{
@@ -68,7 +68,3 @@ var PossibleFragmentSpreadsRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(PossibleFragmentSpreadsRule.Name, PossibleFragmentSpreadsRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package rules
 import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"
 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var ProvidedRequiredArgumentsRule = Rule{
@@ -62,7 +62,3 @@ var ProvidedRequiredArgumentsRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(ProvidedRequiredArgumentsRule.Name, ProvidedRequiredArgumentsRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+package rules
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
+)
+
+// Rules manages GraphQL validation rules.
+type Rules struct {
+	rules        map[string]core.RuleFunc
+	ruleNameKeys []string // for deterministic order
+}
+
+// NewRules creates a Rules instance with the specified rules.
+func NewRules(rs ...core.Rule) *Rules {
+	r := &Rules{
+		rules: make(map[string]core.RuleFunc),
+	}
+
+	for _, rule := range rs {
+		r.AddRule(rule.Name, rule.RuleFunc)
+	}
+
+	return r
+}
+
+// NewDefaultRules creates a Rules instance containing the default GraphQL validation rule set.
+func NewDefaultRules() *Rules {
+	rules := []core.Rule{
+		FieldsOnCorrectTypeRule,
+		FragmentsOnCompositeTypesRule,
+		KnownArgumentNamesRule,
+		KnownDirectivesRule,
+		KnownFragmentNamesRule,
+		KnownRootTypeRule,
+		KnownTypeNamesRule,
+		LoneAnonymousOperationRule,
+		MaxIntrospectionDepth,
+		NoFragmentCyclesRule,
+		NoUndefinedVariablesRule,
+		NoUnusedFragmentsRule,
+		NoUnusedVariablesRule,
+		OverlappingFieldsCanBeMergedRule,
+		PossibleFragmentSpreadsRule,
+		ProvidedRequiredArgumentsRule,
+		ScalarLeafsRule,
+		SingleFieldSubscriptionsRule,
+		UniqueArgumentNamesRule,
+		UniqueDirectivesPerLocationRule,
+		UniqueFragmentNamesRule,
+		UniqueInputFieldNamesRule,
+		UniqueOperationNamesRule,
+		UniqueVariableNamesRule,
+		ValuesOfCorrectTypeRule,
+		VariablesAreInputTypesRule,
+		VariablesInAllowedPositionRule,
+	}
+
+	r := NewRules(rules...)
+
+	return r
+}
+
+// AddRule adds a rule with the specified name and rule function to the rule set.
+// If a rule with the same name already exists, it will not be added.
+func (r *Rules) AddRule(name string, ruleFunc core.RuleFunc) {
+	if r.rules == nil {
+		r.rules = make(map[string]core.RuleFunc)
+	}
+
+	if _, exists := r.rules[name]; !exists {
+		r.rules[name] = ruleFunc
+		r.ruleNameKeys = append(r.ruleNameKeys, name)
+	}
+}
+
+// GetInner returns the internal rule map.
+// If the map is not initialized, it returns an empty map.
+func (r *Rules) GetInner() map[string]core.RuleFunc {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil // impossible nonsense, hopefully
+	}
+	if r.rules == nil {
+		return make(map[string]core.RuleFunc)
+	}
+	return r.rules
+}
+
+// RemoveRule removes a rule with the specified name from the rule set.
+// If no rule with the specified name exists, it does nothing.
+func (r *Rules) RemoveRule(name string) {
+	if r == nil {
+		return // impossible nonsense, hopefully
+	}
+	if r.rules != nil {
+		delete(r.rules, name)
+	}
+
+	if len(r.ruleNameKeys) > 0 {
+		r.ruleNameKeys = slices.DeleteFunc(r.ruleNameKeys, func(s string) bool {
+			return s == name // delete the name rule key
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// ReplaceRule replaces a rule with the specified name with a new rule function.
+// If no rule with the specified name exists, it does nothing.
+func (r *Rules) ReplaceRule(name string, ruleFunc core.RuleFunc) {
+	if r == nil {
+		return // impossible nonsense, hopefully
+	}
+	if r.rules == nil {
+		r.rules = make(map[string]core.RuleFunc)
+	}
+	if _, exists := r.rules[name]; exists {
+		r.rules[name] = ruleFunc
+	}
+}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var ScalarLeafsRule = Rule{
@@ -37,7 +37,3 @@ var ScalarLeafsRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(ScalarLeafsRule.Name, ScalarLeafsRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var SingleFieldSubscriptionsRule = Rule{
@@ -44,10 +44,6 @@ var SingleFieldSubscriptionsRule = Rule{
 	},
 }

-func init() {
-	AddRule(SingleFieldSubscriptionsRule.Name, SingleFieldSubscriptionsRule.RuleFunc)
-}
-
 type topField struct {
 	name     string
 	position *ast.Position
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var UniqueArgumentNamesRule = Rule{
@@ -20,10 +20,6 @@ var UniqueArgumentNamesRule = Rule{
 	},
 }

-func init() {
-	AddRule(UniqueArgumentNamesRule.Name, UniqueArgumentNamesRule.RuleFunc)
-}
-
 func checkUniqueArgs(args ast.ArgumentList, addError AddErrFunc) {
 	knownArgNames := map[string]int{}

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var UniqueDirectivesPerLocationRule = Rule{
@@ -25,7 +25,3 @@ var UniqueDirectivesPerLocationRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(UniqueDirectivesPerLocationRule.Name, UniqueDirectivesPerLocationRule.RuleFunc)
-}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/ast"

 	//nolint:staticcheck // Validator rules each use dot imports for convenience.
-	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator"
+	. "github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2/validator/core"
 )

 var UniqueFragmentNamesRule = Rule{
@@ -23,7 +23,3 @@ var UniqueFragmentNamesRule = Rule{
 		})
 	},
 }
-
-func init() {
-	AddRule(UniqueFragmentNamesRule.Name, UniqueFragmentNamesRule.RuleFunc)
-}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More