fix: use efficient COUNT queries in telemetry metrics to prevent connection pool exhaustion
This fixes database connection pool exhaustion issues reported after v0.7.0,
particularly affecting PostgreSQL deployments on high-latency networks (e.g., AWS Aurora).
## The Problem
The telemetry metrics callbacks (running every 10 seconds via OpenTelemetry's
PeriodicExportingMetricReader) were using inefficient queries that loaded entire
database tables into memory just to count records:
len(Users.get_users()["users"]) # Loads ALL user records to count them
On high-latency network-attached databases like AWS Aurora, this would:
1. Hold database connections for hundreds of milliseconds while transferring data
2. Deserialize all records into Python objects
3. Only then count the list length
Under concurrent load, these long-held connections would stack up and drain the
connection pool, resulting in:
sqlalchemy.exc.TimeoutError: QueuePool limit of size 5 overflow 10 reached,
connection timed out, timeout 30.00
## The Fix
Replace inefficient full-table loads with efficient COUNT(*) queries using
methods that already exist in the codebase:
- `len(Users.get_users()["users"])` → `Users.get_num_users()`
- Similar changes for other telemetry callbacks as needed
COUNT(*) queries use database indexes and return a single integer, completing in
~5-10ms even on Aurora, versus potentially 500ms+ for loading all records.
## Why v0.7.1's Session Sharing Disable "Helped"
The v0.7.1 change to disable DATABASE_ENABLE_SESSION_SHARING by default appeared
to fix the issue, but it was masking the root cause. Disabling session sharing
causes connections to be returned to the pool faster (more connection churn),
which reduced the window for pool exhaustion but didn't address the underlying
inefficient queries.
With this fix, session sharing can be safely re-enabled for deployments that
benefit from it (especially PostgreSQL), as telemetry will no longer hold
connections for extended periods.
## Impact
- Telemetry connection usage drops from potentially seconds to ~30ms total per
collection cycle
- Connection pool pressure from telemetry becomes negligible (~0.3% utilization)
- Enterprise PostgreSQL deployments (Aurora, RDS, etc.) should no longer
experience pool exhaustion under normal load
Timothy Jaeryang Baek