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Patrick Buckley 2bfc0f2c5d fix: harden MCP client against misbehaving servers (#296)
* fix: harden MCP client against misbehaving servers

Misbehaving/failed/misconfigured MCP servers could peg CPU at 100% due
to anyio cancel-scope busy-loops (SDK #2147), uncancelled orphaned
futures, and missing application-layer resilience.

Five fixes:

1. Cancel orphaned futures on timeout — future.cancel() in all sync
   bridge methods prevents coroutine accumulation on the event loop

2. Per-server circuit breaker — 3-failure threshold with exponential
   cooldown (30s–5min), per-server jitter, auto-reconnect on half-open
   probe, McpError excluded (protocol errors from healthy servers)

3. Safe transport stream pre-close — store stream refs and close them
   before stack teardown in all error/shutdown paths, preventing the
   anyio zero-buffer CPU busy-loop

4. Notification debounce — 5s per-server rate limit on list_changed
   refresh storms from buggy servers

5. Periodic refresh backoff with auto-reconnect — disconnected servers
   get reconnection attempts with exponential backoff (60s–1hr) instead
   of being silently skipped forever

* docs: add MCP resilience section to architecture docs and diagram

Document the circuit breaker, future cancellation, stream pre-close,
notification debounce, and periodic refresh backoff in the architecture
guide and the MCP architecture PlantUML diagram.

* fix: address review — stack leak on transport error, half-open comment

- Widen _connect_one guard to check _per_server_stacks too, not just
  _sessions. Transport errors in sync dispatch methods evict the session
  but left the stack behind, leaking anyio tasks on reconnect.
- Clarify half-open design: multiple callers are intentionally allowed
  through (reconnects serialize on the event loop, first failure re-trips).
2026-04-04 16:06:42 -07:00
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