diff --git a/tests/test_coordinator_page.py b/tests/test_coordinator_page.py
index 472394cb..cf0c2d39 100644
--- a/tests/test_coordinator_page.py
+++ b/tests/test_coordinator_page.py
@@ -55,13 +55,16 @@ def test_uppercase_hex_rejected(client):
 
 
 def test_coordinator_js_exposes_inline_approval_helpers():
-    """Smoke guard for the Chunk 3 frontend wiring — the new helper
-    function names must remain reachable in the served JS so a refactor
-    accidentally renaming/removing them surfaces here instead of in
-    production where the children-tree's inline approve/deny buttons
-    silently stop rendering. Asserts string presence only — no DOM
-    parsing — since coord.js has no JS test framework today (per the
-    plan's testing notes)."""
+    """Smoke guard for two layers of the coord chat frontend: the
+    children-tree inline approve/deny block (the original Chunk 3
+    landing) and the PR #447 tool-batch construct that replaced the
+    pinned approval dock for the coord-self surface.  Both layers'
+    helper symbols must remain reachable in the served JS so a
+    refactor that accidentally renames or removes them surfaces here
+    instead of in production where the affected gates silently stop
+    rendering.  Asserts string presence only — no DOM parsing —
+    since coord.js has no JS test framework today (per the plan's
+    testing notes)."""
     from pathlib import Path
 
     coord_js = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / (
@@ -119,3 +122,33 @@ def test_coordinator_js_exposes_inline_approval_helpers():
     # call short-circuits on non-visible rows, leaving them stuck.
     assert "_maybeStartJudgePoll" in body
     assert "_judgePollTick" in body
+    # Reload parity for the coord-self approval gate: init() must
+    # consume the authoritative GET /workstreams snapshot's
+    # pending_approval_detail so a freshly opened tab can render
+    # Approve/Deny before SSE replay arrives.
+    assert "wsSnapshot.pending_approval_detail" in body
+    assert "appendToolBatch(pendingDetail.items" in body
+    # Tool-batch construct (PR #447) — the inline replacement for the
+    # pinned approval-dock pattern.  These helpers carry the
+    # state-machine that pairs each tool call with its result and
+    # embeds the approval flow.  Refactors that rename or drop them
+    # silently regress the entire coord-self approval surface — the
+    # most novel and risky behavior in the PR.
+    assert "function appendToolBatch" in body
+    assert "function _morphBatchResolved" in body
+    assert "function _resolveBatchAction" in body
+    assert "function _refreshBatchTier" in body
+    assert "function _refreshRowStatus" in body
+    # State modifiers driven by the upgrade-in-place path
+    # (--running orphan promoted to --pending or --auto when SSE
+    # arrives with the authoritative shape).  Both class names must
+    # remain reachable from JS — dropping either breaks the reload
+    # state machine that PR #447's review pass surfaced.
+    assert "coord-tool-batch--running" in body
+    assert "coord-tool-batch--pending" in body
+    # History replay's outcome classifier — denied / errored tool
+    # turns must render with the correct batch state on reload, not
+    # the contradictory "✓ approved" pill that pre-fix showed for
+    # any prior denial.  bug-1 / bug-3 from the second /review pass.
+    assert "Denied by user" in body
+    assert "callOutcomes" in body
diff --git a/tests/test_workstream_endpoints.py b/tests/test_workstream_endpoints.py
index f83a09bc..07d082d1 100644
--- a/tests/test_workstream_endpoints.py
+++ b/tests/test_workstream_endpoints.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import pytest
 from starlette.applications import Starlette
 from starlette.middleware import Middleware
 from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
 from starlette.routing import Mount, Route
 from starlette.testclient import TestClient
 
@@ -740,26 +741,38 @@ class TestUpdateInterfaceSetting:
 # These tests pin the interactive wiring against the same factory.
 
 
-def _interactive_endpoint_cfg(mock_mgr: Any) -> SessionEndpointConfig:
+def _interactive_endpoint_cfg(
+    mock_mgr: Any,
+    tenant_check: Any = None,
+) -> SessionEndpointConfig:
     """Interactive-shaped cfg wired the same way ``server.py`` does.
 
     Shared by both :func:`_build_history_app` and :func:`_build_detail_app`
     — every field both factories actually read is present (the detail
     factory ignores ``list_kind`` since it relies on ``mgr.open()`` for
     cross-kind isolation, but the field is harmless to set).
+
+    The optional ``tenant_check`` lets a regression test wire the same
+    cross-tenant gate ``server.py`` uses (``_interactive_tenant_check``)
+    so the lifted handlers can be exercised with the production-shape
+    auth posture, not just the bypass shape.
     """
     return SessionEndpointConfig(
         permission_gate=None,  # auth middleware covers it
         manager_lookup=lambda _r: (mock_mgr, None),
-        tenant_check=None,
+        tenant_check=tenant_check,
         not_found_label="Workstream not found",
         audit_action_prefix="workstream",
         list_kind=WorkstreamKind.INTERACTIVE,
     )
 
 
-def _build_history_app(mock_mgr: Any, storage: Any) -> TestClient:
-    cfg = _interactive_endpoint_cfg(mock_mgr)
+def _build_history_app(
+    mock_mgr: Any,
+    storage: Any,
+    tenant_check: Any = None,
+) -> TestClient:
+    cfg = _interactive_endpoint_cfg(mock_mgr, tenant_check=tenant_check)
     handler = make_history_handler(cfg)
     app = Starlette(
         routes=[
@@ -777,8 +790,11 @@ def _build_history_app(mock_mgr: Any, storage: Any) -> TestClient:
     return TestClient(app)
 
 
-def _build_detail_app(mock_mgr: Any) -> TestClient:
-    cfg = _interactive_endpoint_cfg(mock_mgr)
+def _build_detail_app(
+    mock_mgr: Any,
+    tenant_check: Any = None,
+) -> TestClient:
+    cfg = _interactive_endpoint_cfg(mock_mgr, tenant_check=tenant_check)
     handler = make_detail_handler(cfg)
     app = Starlette(
         routes=[
@@ -906,6 +922,10 @@ class TestDetailInteractive:
         loaded_ws.state = ws_state
         loaded_ws.user_id = "test-user"
         loaded_ws.kind = "interactive"
+        # No pending approval — leave .ui's MagicMock attrs alone; the
+        # handler isinstance-checks ``_pending_approval`` against ``dict``
+        # before treating it as live, so MagicMock attribute pollution
+        # doesn't trigger the pending path.
         mock_mgr = MagicMock()
         mock_mgr.get.return_value = loaded_ws
         client = _build_detail_app(mock_mgr)
@@ -919,8 +939,102 @@ class TestDetailInteractive:
             "state": "idle",
             "user_id": "test-user",
             "kind": "interactive",
+            "pending_approval": False,
+            "pending_approval_detail": None,
         }
 
+    def test_pending_approval_fields_propagate_from_ui(self):
+        """When the workstream's UI is parked on an approval, the detail
+        response surfaces ``pending_approval=True`` + the serialized
+        ``pending_approval_detail`` so a freshly-loaded chat tab can
+        paint the inline gate without waiting for the SSE
+        ``approve_request`` replay (which would otherwise produce a
+        brief ``--running`` flash on reload)."""
+        ws_id = "ws-pending-1"
+        ws_state = MagicMock()
+        ws_state.value = "attention"
+        loaded_ws = MagicMock()
+        loaded_ws.id = ws_id
+        loaded_ws.name = "coord-1"
+        loaded_ws.state = ws_state
+        loaded_ws.user_id = "test-user"
+        loaded_ws.kind = "coordinator"
+        # Realistic _pending_approval shape (mirrors what
+        # SessionUIBase.approve_tools assigns) + a serializer that
+        # returns the merged-with-verdicts payload.
+        loaded_ws.ui._pending_approval = {
+            "type": "approve_request",
+            "items": [
+                {
+                    "call_id": "c-1",
+                    "func_name": "spawn_workstream",
+                    "needs_approval": True,
+                },
+            ],
+            "judge_pending": True,
+        }
+        loaded_ws.ui.serialize_pending_approval_detail = MagicMock(
+            return_value={
+                "call_id": "c-1",
+                "judge_pending": True,
+                "items": [
+                    {
+                        "call_id": "c-1",
+                        "func_name": "spawn_workstream",
+                        "needs_approval": True,
+                        "heuristic_verdict": {
+                            "recommendation": "approve",
+                            "risk_level": "low",
+                            "confidence": 0.9,
+                        },
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        )
+        mock_mgr = MagicMock()
+        mock_mgr.get.return_value = loaded_ws
+        client = _build_detail_app(mock_mgr)
+
+        r = client.get(f"/v1/api/workstreams/{ws_id}")
+        assert r.status_code == 200
+        body = r.json()
+        assert body["pending_approval"] is True
+        assert body["pending_approval_detail"]["call_id"] == "c-1"
+        assert body["pending_approval_detail"]["judge_pending"] is True
+        items = body["pending_approval_detail"]["items"]
+        assert len(items) == 1
+        assert items[0]["func_name"] == "spawn_workstream"
+        assert items[0]["needs_approval"] is True
+
+    def test_pending_serializer_failure_falls_back_to_bool_only(self):
+        """A malformed verdict that crashes ``serialize_pending_approval_detail``
+        must NOT fail the detail response — the boolean still informs
+        the UI that an approval is pending; SSE replay carries the
+        authoritative payload.  Defensive against a future serializer
+        regression silently 500ing every page load."""
+        ws_id = "ws-pending-broken"
+        ws_state = MagicMock()
+        ws_state.value = "attention"
+        loaded_ws = MagicMock()
+        loaded_ws.id = ws_id
+        loaded_ws.name = "coord-broken"
+        loaded_ws.state = ws_state
+        loaded_ws.user_id = "test-user"
+        loaded_ws.kind = "coordinator"
+        loaded_ws.ui._pending_approval = {"items": []}
+        loaded_ws.ui.serialize_pending_approval_detail = MagicMock(
+            side_effect=RuntimeError("verdict object is malformed"),
+        )
+        mock_mgr = MagicMock()
+        mock_mgr.get.return_value = loaded_ws
+        client = _build_detail_app(mock_mgr)
+
+        r = client.get(f"/v1/api/workstreams/{ws_id}")
+        assert r.status_code == 200
+        body = r.json()
+        assert body["pending_approval"] is True
+        assert body["pending_approval_detail"] is None
+
     def test_lazy_rehydrates_on_miss(self):
         """``mgr.get`` miss → ``mgr.open`` rehydrate. Same flow as coord;
         pre-lift interactive had no detail endpoint so this is the
@@ -986,3 +1100,116 @@ class TestDetailInteractive:
         assert "correlation_id=" in body["error"]
         # Per-kind noun via cfg.audit_action_prefix.
         assert "workstream" in body["error"]
+
+
+class TestTenantCheckOnReadEndpoints:
+    """Regression coverage for the cross-tenant gate on the lifted
+    ``GET /workstreams/{ws_id}`` (detail) and ``/history`` endpoints.
+
+    Both handlers used to skip ``cfg.tenant_check`` while every other
+    lifted session verb invoked it.  Pre-PR-447 the gap was a minor
+    info leak (5 display fields on detail; conversation history); PR
+    #447 made it real by adding ``pending_approval_detail`` to detail
+    (tool previews + LLM judge reasoning).  These tests pin the gate
+    so a future cfg refactor can't silently regress it.
+    """
+
+    def test_detail_404s_when_tenant_check_rejects(self):
+        """A non-owning interactive caller reading another user's ws_id
+        through the detail endpoint must 404 before any data flows."""
+        ws_id = "ws-other-user"
+        loaded_ws = MagicMock()
+        loaded_ws.id = ws_id
+        loaded_ws.name = "owned-by-stranger"
+        loaded_ws.state = MagicMock()
+        loaded_ws.state.value = "idle"
+        loaded_ws.user_id = "owner"
+        loaded_ws.kind = "interactive"
+        mock_mgr = MagicMock()
+        mock_mgr.get.return_value = loaded_ws
+
+        # Tenant check returns a 404 just like ``_require_ws_access``
+        # does on owner-mismatch.  We can't import the production
+        # helper here (it pulls the whole server module into the test
+        # graph) so we ape its return shape.
+        def deny(_request: Any, _ws_id: str, _mgr: Any) -> JSONResponse:
+            return JSONResponse({"error": "Workstream not found"}, status_code=404)
+
+        client = _build_detail_app(mock_mgr, tenant_check=deny)
+
+        r = client.get(f"/v1/api/workstreams/{ws_id}")
+        assert r.status_code == 404
+        body = r.json()
+        # Sensitive fields the PR added must not surface for a
+        # non-owning caller.
+        assert "name" not in body
+        assert "pending_approval_detail" not in body
+        assert "user_id" not in body
+        # And mgr.get was NEVER consulted — the gate fires first.
+        mock_mgr.get.assert_not_called()
+        mock_mgr.open.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_detail_succeeds_when_tenant_check_allows(self):
+        """A passing tenant_check (returns ``None``) lets the handler
+        proceed normally — the ``pending_approval`` defaults still
+        appear in the response."""
+        ws_id = "ws-mine"
+        loaded_ws = MagicMock()
+        loaded_ws.id = ws_id
+        loaded_ws.name = "owned"
+        loaded_ws.state = MagicMock()
+        loaded_ws.state.value = "idle"
+        loaded_ws.user_id = "test-user"
+        loaded_ws.kind = "interactive"
+        mock_mgr = MagicMock()
+        mock_mgr.get.return_value = loaded_ws
+
+        def allow(_request: Any, _ws_id: str, _mgr: Any) -> None:
+            return None
+
+        client = _build_detail_app(mock_mgr, tenant_check=allow)
+
+        r = client.get(f"/v1/api/workstreams/{ws_id}")
+        assert r.status_code == 200
+        body = r.json()
+        assert body["ws_id"] == ws_id
+        assert body["pending_approval"] is False
+        assert body["pending_approval_detail"] is None
+
+    def test_history_404s_when_tenant_check_rejects(self, _inject_storage):
+        """A non-owning interactive caller reading another user's ws_id
+        through the history endpoint must 404 before any storage
+        access — owner messages are sensitive content."""
+        ws_id = "ws-other-user-hist"
+        _inject_storage.register_workstream(ws_id, kind="interactive", user_id="owner")
+        _inject_storage.save_message(ws_id, "user", "private message")
+        mock_mgr = MagicMock()
+        mock_mgr.get.return_value = None
+
+        def deny(_request: Any, _ws_id: str, _mgr: Any) -> JSONResponse:
+            return JSONResponse({"error": "Workstream not found"}, status_code=404)
+
+        client = _build_history_app(mock_mgr, _inject_storage, tenant_check=deny)
+
+        r = client.get(f"/v1/api/workstreams/{ws_id}/history")
+        assert r.status_code == 404
+        # Owner's content must not have leaked into the response.
+        assert "private message" not in r.text
+
+    def test_history_succeeds_when_tenant_check_allows(self, _inject_storage):
+        ws_id = "ws-mine-hist"
+        _inject_storage.register_workstream(ws_id, kind="interactive", user_id="test-user")
+        _inject_storage.save_message(ws_id, "user", "hello")
+        mock_ws = MagicMock()
+        mock_ws.id = ws_id
+        mock_mgr = MagicMock()
+        mock_mgr.get.return_value = mock_ws
+
+        def allow(_request: Any, _ws_id: str, _mgr: Any) -> None:
+            return None
+
+        client = _build_history_app(mock_mgr, _inject_storage, tenant_check=allow)
+
+        r = client.get(f"/v1/api/workstreams/{ws_id}/history")
+        assert r.status_code == 200
+        assert any(m.get("content") == "hello" for m in r.json()["messages"])
diff --git a/turnstone/api/server_schemas.py b/turnstone/api/server_schemas.py
index d1bde837..7a1f399b 100644
--- a/turnstone/api/server_schemas.py
+++ b/turnstone/api/server_schemas.py
@@ -424,6 +424,26 @@ class WorkstreamDetailResponse(BaseModel):
     state: str
     user_id: str
     kind: WorkstreamKind = WorkstreamKind.INTERACTIVE
+    pending_approval: bool = Field(
+        default=False,
+        description=(
+            "True when the workstream is parked on ``_approval_event`` "
+            "awaiting an operator approve/deny.  Mirrors the same field "
+            "on ``DashboardWorkstream`` / cluster live projections so a "
+            "freshly-loaded chat tab can render the inline approval gate "
+            "from the detail snapshot before SSE replay arrives."
+        ),
+    )
+    pending_approval_detail: PendingApprovalDetail | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description=(
+            "Inline approval payload — same shape as ``DashboardWorkstream"
+            ".pending_approval_detail``.  ``None`` when no approval is "
+            "pending.  Lets a reload paint the action row + judge "
+            "verdicts immediately instead of relying on the SSE "
+            "approve_request replay timing window."
+        ),
+    )
 
 
 class WorkstreamHistoryResponse(BaseModel):
diff --git a/turnstone/console/static/coordinator/coordinator.css b/turnstone/console/static/coordinator/coordinator.css
index c1f8dbd1..8613e6c3 100644
--- a/turnstone/console/static/coordinator/coordinator.css
+++ b/turnstone/console/static/coordinator/coordinator.css
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
    Tokens (--panel, --hair, --ok, --warn, etc.) come from shared_static/
    base.css.  Form controls + .btn / .ghost / .appbar primitives come
    from shared_static/ui-base.css.  This file holds the patterns specific
-   to the coordinator view: the right-rail sidebar and the pinned approval
-   dock.
+   to the coordinator view: the right-rail sidebar, the inline tool-batch
+   construct (paired tool calls + approval flow + results), and the
+   drag-and-drop overlay.
    ========================================================================== */
 
 /* ==========================================================================
@@ -40,235 +41,6 @@
   color: var(--ink-4);
 }
 
-/* ==========================================================================
-   Approval dock — bottom-pinned strip that appears when pending approvals
-   exist.  Signature product pattern: a neutral dock (not a modal, not
-   inline) that surfaces the approval contract without hijacking focus.
-
-   Layout:
-     .approval-dock        position: fixed bottom
-       .dhead              11px uppercase warn kicker + count on right
-       .dcall              risk pill + function name + arg preview
-       .dctx               context code snippets
-       .drow               right-aligned action cluster + nav spacer
-
-   Actions (action cluster):
-     button.act           neutral default ("dismiss" / "view")
-     button.act.primary   ok-tinted green per the .ts-approval-btn--approve
-                          convention in shared_static/chat.css.  The original
-                          Claude Design spec preferred amber; turnstone
-                          deliberately broke from it to keep colour-family
-                          parity with the Approve button's existing green.
-                          1.5px border, --r-md squared.
-     button.act.always    dashed border — "Always approve for this rule"
-     button.act.danger    err-tinted red — "Deny"
-
-   Keyboard shortcuts (wired in coordinator.js):
-     Enter  → primary approve
-     D      → deny
-     ⇧A     → always approve
-
-   Focus policy: when the dock opens, move focus to button.act.primary so
-   keyboard users can confirm without hunting.  Do NOT trap focus.
-   ========================================================================== */
-.approval-dock {
-  position: fixed;
-  left: 0;
-  right: 0;
-  bottom: 22px; /* clears the statusbar if one is present */
-  z-index: 20;
-  display: flex;
-  flex-direction: column;
-  gap: 10px;
-  padding: 14px 20px;
-  background: var(--panel);
-  border-top: 1px solid var(--hair);
-  box-shadow: 0 -6px 24px -12px rgba(21, 24, 27, 0.18);
-}
-
-.approval-dock::before {
-  content: "";
-  position: absolute;
-  top: -1px;
-  left: 0;
-  right: 0;
-  height: 2px;
-  background: linear-gradient(
-    to right,
-    transparent,
-    color-mix(in srgb, var(--warn) 50%, transparent),
-    transparent
-  );
-}
-
-.approval-dock .dhead {
-  display: flex;
-  align-items: center;
-  gap: 8px;
-  font-size: 11px;
-  font-weight: 600;
-  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
-  text-transform: uppercase;
-  color: var(--warn);
-}
-
-.approval-dock .dhead::before {
-  content: "⚠";
-  font-size: 12px;
-}
-
-.approval-dock .dhead .dcount {
-  margin-left: auto;
-  font-family: var(--font-mono);
-  font-size: 10px;
-  font-weight: 500;
-  letter-spacing: 0;
-  text-transform: none;
-  color: var(--ink-3);
-}
-
-/* Inline code-panel framing — the .dcall row reads as "the exact call you
-   are approving," so we frame it like a mini inspectable code line rather
-   than bare text on the dock surface. */
-.approval-dock .dcall {
-  display: flex;
-  align-items: center;
-  gap: 10px;
-  min-width: 0;
-  padding: 6px 10px;
-  background: var(--panel);
-  border: 1px solid var(--hair);
-  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
-}
-
-.approval-dock .dcall .risk { flex-shrink: 0; }
-
-.approval-dock .dcall .dfn {
-  font-family: var(--font-mono);
-  font-weight: 600;
-  color: var(--ink);
-}
-
-.approval-dock .dcall .dargs {
-  flex: 1;
-  min-width: 0;
-  overflow: hidden;
-  text-overflow: ellipsis;
-  white-space: nowrap;
-  font-family: var(--font-mono);
-  font-size: 12px;
-  color: var(--ink-3);
-}
-
-.approval-dock .dctx {
-  display: flex;
-  gap: 14px;
-  flex-wrap: wrap;
-  font-size: 11px;
-  color: var(--ink-3);
-}
-
-.approval-dock .dctx code {
-  padding: 0 4px;
-  font-family: var(--font-mono);
-  font-size: 10px;
-  color: var(--ink-2);
-  background: var(--panel-2);
-  border: 1px solid var(--hair);
-  border-radius: 3px;
-}
-
-.approval-dock .drow {
-  display: flex;
-  align-items: center;
-  gap: 6px;
-}
-
-.approval-dock .drow .spacer { flex: 1; }
-
-.approval-dock .drow .nav {
-  padding: 4px 8px;
-  font-family: var(--font-mono);
-  font-size: 11px;
-  color: var(--ink-3);
-  background: transparent;
-  border: 1px solid transparent;
-  border-radius: 3px;
-  cursor: pointer;
-}
-
-.approval-dock .drow .nav:hover {
-  background: var(--panel-2);
-  color: var(--ink);
-}
-
-/* Action buttons — 1.5px border, --r-md squared (NOT pill — these are
-   primary-action surfaces, not inline buttons). */
-.approval-dock button.act {
-  padding: 7px 16px;
-  font: inherit;
-  font-size: 12px;
-  font-weight: 500;
-  color: var(--ink-2);
-  background: var(--panel);
-  border: 1.5px solid var(--hair-2);
-  border-radius: var(--r-md);
-  cursor: pointer;
-  transition: background 120ms ease, border-color 120ms ease, color 120ms ease;
-}
-
-.approval-dock button.act:hover {
-  color: var(--ink);
-  border-color: var(--ink-4);
-}
-
-.approval-dock button.act:focus-visible {
-  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
-  outline-offset: 2px;
-}
-
-/* Approve and Always are siblings — same ok hue, differentiated by fill
-   (filled vs outlined) and border-style (solid vs dashed).  Matches the
-   .ts-approval-btn--approve convention in shared_static/chat.css.  Four
-   stacked non-colour cues for WCAG 1.4.1: fill state, border style,
-   label, position. */
-.approval-dock button.act.primary {
-  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 28%, var(--panel));
-  color: var(--ok-text);
-  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 65%, var(--hair));
-  font-weight: 600;
-}
-
-.approval-dock button.act.primary:hover {
-  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 40%, var(--panel));
-  color: var(--ink);
-  border-color: var(--ok);
-}
-
-.approval-dock button.act.always {
-  background: transparent;
-  border-style: dashed;
-  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 65%, var(--hair));
-  color: var(--ok-text);
-}
-
-.approval-dock button.act.always:hover {
-  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 15%, var(--panel));
-  color: var(--ink);
-  border-color: var(--ok);
-}
-
-.approval-dock button.act.danger {
-  color: var(--err);
-  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--err) 42%, var(--hair));
-}
-
-.approval-dock button.act.danger:hover {
-  background: var(--err-soft);
-  color: var(--err);
-  border-color: var(--err);
-}
-
 /* ==========================================================================
    Drag-and-drop overlay — applied to #coord-main while the user is
    dragging files from the OS over the chat pane. Composer wires this on
@@ -301,9 +73,432 @@
   z-index: 10;
 }
 
-/* Match .btn .kbd (in shared_static/ui-base.css) — --ink-3 clears AA at
-   10px, --ink-4 is borderline on light panels. */
-.approval-dock button.act .kbd {
+/* ==========================================================================
+   Tool batch construct — pairs tool calls with their results and
+   embeds the approval flow.  Replaces the bottom approval dock + the
+   duplicate .msg.tool bubbles for tool-call rendering.
+
+   One construct per dispatch turn:
+     - solo (1 call, serial):       .coord-tool-batch--solo
+     - parallel (≥2 calls):         .coord-tool-batch--parallel
+                                    rows share a left rail so the
+                                    operator reads them as siblings
+                                    of one assistant decision.
+
+   Sub-elements:
+     .coord-tool-batch-head      label + count + tier glyph
+     .coord-tool-row             per-call row (call line + verdict + result)
+       .coord-tool-row-call      [idx] name args ellipsized
+       .coord-tool-row-verdict   judge verdict chip + rationale teaser
+       .coord-tool-row-result    paired tool_result <pre> under the row
+       .coord-tool-row-status    per-row pill (auto-approved / error)
+     .coord-tool-actions         approve / deny / always
+     .coord-tool-status          resolved status pill (replaces actions)
+
+   States (modifiers on the batch):
+     .coord-tool-batch--pending  approval gate visible
+     .coord-tool-batch--approved resolved approve
+     .coord-tool-batch--denied   resolved deny — rows dimmed
+     .coord-tool-batch--auto     all auto-approved, no gate ever shown
+     .coord-tool-batch--running  replay-time orphan (dispatched but no
+                                 matching tool_result yet) — no actions.
+                                 SSE upgrades to --pending or --auto
+                                 when it knows more.
+   ========================================================================== */
+.coord-tool-batch {
+  margin: 4px 0;
+  background: var(--panel);
+  border: 1px solid var(--hair);
+  border-left: 3px solid var(--hair-2);
+  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 12px;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+/* State left-stripe — neutral default; warn when gating; ok when
+   resolved-approved; err when denied or any row errored.  Three stacked
+   non-colour cues for WCAG 1.4.1: pill text in the head, rail colour,
+   row dimming on deny. */
+.coord-tool-batch--pending {
+  border-left-color: var(--warn);
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--approved {
+  border-left-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 65%, var(--hair-2));
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--auto {
+  border-left-color: var(--hair-2);
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--running {
+  /* Subtle accent stripe so the operator can tell a still-in-flight
+     replayed batch apart from a resolved one without it screaming
+     for attention.  Not warn (which would imply approval-needed). */
+  border-left-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 50%, var(--hair-2));
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--denied,
+.coord-tool-batch--error {
+  border-left-color: var(--err);
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--denied .coord-tool-row {
+  opacity: 0.6;
+}
+
+/* Header strip — small uppercase kicker + per-batch metadata. */
+.coord-tool-batch-head {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  align-items: baseline;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  background: var(--panel-2);
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hair);
+  font-size: 10px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  color: var(--ink-3);
+}
+.coord-tool-batch-kicker {
+  color: var(--ink-3);
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--pending .coord-tool-batch-kicker {
+  color: var(--warn);
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--approved .coord-tool-batch-kicker {
+  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 70%, var(--ink-2));
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--denied .coord-tool-batch-kicker {
+  color: var(--err);
+}
+.coord-tool-batch-summary {
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-weight: 500;
+  letter-spacing: 0;
+  text-transform: none;
+  color: var(--ink-2);
+}
+.coord-tool-batch-tier {
+  margin-left: auto;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-weight: 400;
+  letter-spacing: 0;
+  text-transform: none;
+  color: var(--ink-4);
+  font-size: 10px;
+}
+
+/* Row container.  In parallel batches, rows are framed by a left rail
+   so they read as siblings of a single assistant decision; in solo
+   batches the rail is suppressed to keep visual weight low. */
+.coord-tool-row {
+  position: relative;
+  padding: 8px 10px;
+}
+.coord-tool-row + .coord-tool-row {
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--hair);
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--parallel .coord-tool-row {
+  padding-left: 28px;
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--parallel .coord-tool-row::before {
+  /* Vertical rail tick — connects rows visually as a parallel group.
+     Stops 4px short of the row's top + bottom edges so consecutive
+     rows look continuous; the dot at the row's center marks the call. */
+  content: "";
+  position: absolute;
+  left: 14px;
+  top: 0;
+  bottom: 0;
+  width: 1px;
+  background: var(--hair-2);
+}
+/* Tuck the rail 4px in from the very first / last row's edge so the
+   line doesn't butt against the batch's inner top/bottom.  Class
+   markers (set in JS at row-build time) instead of :first-of-type /
+   :last-of-type because the batch contains other ``<div>`` siblings
+   (.coord-tool-batch-head, .coord-tool-actions / .coord-tool-status)
+   that are also of type ``div`` — :first-of-type would never select
+   the first .coord-tool-row, and the rule would silently no-op. */
+.coord-tool-batch--parallel .coord-tool-row.coord-tool-row--first::before {
+  top: 4px;
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--parallel .coord-tool-row.coord-tool-row--last::before {
+  bottom: 4px;
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--parallel .coord-tool-row::after {
+  content: "";
+  position: absolute;
+  left: 11px;
+  top: 14px;
+  width: 7px;
+  height: 7px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--panel);
+  border: 1.5px solid var(--hair-2);
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--parallel.coord-tool-batch--approved .coord-tool-row::after {
+  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 65%, var(--hair-2));
+}
+.coord-tool-batch--parallel.coord-tool-batch--denied .coord-tool-row::after,
+.coord-tool-row.error::after {
+  border-color: var(--err);
+}
+
+/* Call line — index/N pill, monospace tool name, ellipsized args. */
+.coord-tool-row-call {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: baseline;
+  gap: 8px;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+.coord-tool-row-idx {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  padding: 1px 6px;
+  font-size: 10px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+  color: var(--ink-3);
+  background: var(--panel-2);
+  border: 1px solid var(--hair);
+  border-radius: 3px;
+}
+.coord-tool-row-name {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--ink);
+}
+.coord-tool-row.error .coord-tool-row-name {
+  color: var(--err);
+}
+.coord-tool-row-args {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  color: var(--ink-3);
+}
+
+/* Verdict line — judge chip + optional rationale teaser. */
+.coord-tool-row-verdict {
+  margin-top: 4px;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--ink-3);
+}
+.coord-tool-row-verdict code {
+  padding: 1px 6px;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 10px;
+  color: var(--ink-2);
+  background: var(--panel-2);
+  border: 1px solid var(--hair);
+  border-radius: 3px;
+}
+.coord-tool-row-verdict code.rec-approve {
+  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 70%, var(--ink-2));
+  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 38%, var(--hair));
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 12%, var(--panel-2));
+}
+.coord-tool-row-verdict code.rec-review {
+  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--warn) 70%, var(--ink-2));
+  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--warn) 38%, var(--hair));
+  background: var(--warn-tint);
+}
+.coord-tool-row-verdict code.rec-deny {
+  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--err) 70%, var(--ink-2));
+  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--err) 38%, var(--hair));
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--err) 12%, var(--panel-2));
+}
+.coord-tool-row-verdict code.judging {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 5px;
+  color: var(--ink-3);
+}
+.coord-tool-row-verdict code.judging .spin {
+  width: 8px;
+  height: 8px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  border: 1.5px solid var(--accent);
+  border-top-color: transparent;
+  animation: ts-spin 0.9s linear infinite;
+}
+@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
+  .coord-tool-row-verdict code.judging .spin { animation: none; }
+}
+
+/* Rationale disclosure — collapsible block under a row.  Renders the
+   judge's reasoning prose; `details` element so a click toggles without
+   stealing focus. */
+.coord-tool-row-rationale {
+  margin-top: 4px;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--ink-3);
+}
+.coord-tool-row-rationale > summary {
+  cursor: pointer;
+  color: var(--accent);
+  font-size: 11px;
+  list-style: none;
+  user-select: none;
+}
+.coord-tool-row-rationale > summary::before {
+  content: "▸ ";
+  display: inline-block;
+  margin-right: 2px;
+  transition: transform 120ms ease;
+}
+.coord-tool-row-rationale[open] > summary::before {
+  transform: rotate(90deg);
+}
+.coord-tool-row-rationale-body {
+  margin: 4px 0 0 14px;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 11px;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  color: var(--ink-3);
+  background: var(--panel-2);
+  border-left: 2px solid var(--hair);
+  border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+}
+
+/* Per-row status pill (auto-approved, error). */
+.coord-tool-row-status {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 4px;
+  padding: 1px 6px;
+  font-size: 10px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  border-radius: 3px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--hair);
+  color: var(--ink-3);
+}
+.coord-tool-row-status--auto {
+  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 70%, var(--ink-2));
+  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 38%, var(--hair));
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 12%, var(--panel-2));
+}
+.coord-tool-row-status--error {
+  color: var(--err);
+  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--err) 38%, var(--hair));
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--err) 12%, var(--panel-2));
+}
+
+/* Tool result block — paired under its row, mono pre-block.  Capped
+   at 240px with internal scroll so a long tool output doesn't push
+   the rest of the chat off-screen.  The interactive UI uses a
+   click-to-expand "collapsed" affordance (see ui/static/style.css
+   .tool-output.collapsed) — coord deliberately doesn't, since the
+   construct is read-only history once results land and a scroll
+   pane is the lower-friction read for a diagnostic surface. */
+.coord-tool-row-result {
+  margin-top: 6px;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 11px;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  color: var(--ink-2);
+  background: var(--panel-2);
+  border-left: 2px solid var(--hair);
+  border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-break: break-word;
+  max-height: 240px;
+  overflow: auto;
+}
+.coord-tool-row.error .coord-tool-row-result {
+  border-left-color: var(--err);
+  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--err) 75%, var(--ink-2));
+}
+.coord-tool-row-result-lead {
+  display: inline-block;
+  margin-right: 4px;
+  color: var(--ink-4);
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+/* Action row — Approve / Deny / Always.  Renders inside a pending
+   tool-batch construct as the operator's gate for the dispatch.  The
+   .act button vocabulary (primary/always/danger) is local to this
+   surface; the children-tree's .ch-row .approval-actions reuses the
+   same colour/border treatment in compact .sm sizing. */
+.coord-tool-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  padding: 8px 10px;
+  background: var(--panel-2);
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--hair);
+}
+.coord-tool-actions .spacer { flex: 1; }
+.coord-tool-actions button.act {
+  padding: 6px 14px;
+  font: inherit;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--ink-2);
+  background: var(--panel);
+  border: 1.5px solid var(--hair-2);
+  border-radius: var(--r-md);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 120ms ease, border-color 120ms ease, color 120ms ease;
+}
+.coord-tool-actions button.act:hover {
+  color: var(--ink);
+  border-color: var(--ink-4);
+}
+.coord-tool-actions button.act:focus-visible {
+  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
+  outline-offset: 2px;
+}
+.coord-tool-actions button.act:disabled {
+  opacity: 0.5;
+  cursor: not-allowed;
+}
+.coord-tool-actions button.act.primary {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 28%, var(--panel));
+  color: var(--ok-text);
+  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 65%, var(--hair));
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+.coord-tool-actions button.act.primary:hover {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 40%, var(--panel));
+  color: var(--ink);
+  border-color: var(--ok);
+}
+.coord-tool-actions button.act.always {
+  background: transparent;
+  border-style: dashed;
+  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 65%, var(--hair));
+  color: var(--ok-text);
+}
+.coord-tool-actions button.act.always:hover {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 15%, var(--panel));
+  color: var(--ink);
+  border-color: var(--ok);
+}
+.coord-tool-actions button.act.danger {
+  color: var(--err);
+  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--err) 42%, var(--hair));
+}
+.coord-tool-actions button.act.danger:hover {
+  background: var(--err-soft);
+  color: var(--err);
+  border-color: var(--err);
+}
+.coord-tool-actions button.act .kbd {
   margin-left: 6px;
   padding: 0 3px;
   font-family: var(--font-mono);
@@ -312,10 +507,44 @@
   border: 1px solid var(--hair);
   border-radius: 2px;
 }
-
-/* Tinted keycap on the primary Approve button — uses the parent's
-   --ok hue so the keycap reads as part of the green action surface. */
-.approval-dock button.act.primary .kbd {
+.coord-tool-actions button.act.primary .kbd {
   color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 70%, var(--ink-3));
   border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 40%, var(--hair));
 }
+
+/* Resolved status pill — replaces the action row after approve/deny. */
+.coord-tool-status {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  background: var(--panel-2);
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--hair);
+  font-size: 11px;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--ink-3);
+}
+.coord-tool-status--approved {
+  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 70%, var(--ink-2));
+}
+.coord-tool-status--denied,
+.coord-tool-status--error {
+  color: var(--err);
+}
+.coord-tool-status-feedback {
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--ink-3);
+}
+
+/* Mobile (<700px) — keep action targets ≥44px for WCAG 2.5.5. */
+@media (max-width: 700px) {
+  .coord-tool-actions {
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+  }
+  .coord-tool-actions button.act {
+    flex: 1 1 30%;
+    min-height: 44px;
+    font-size: 13px;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/turnstone/console/static/coordinator/coordinator.js b/turnstone/console/static/coordinator/coordinator.js
index 5f7e7155..729a457a 100644
--- a/turnstone/console/static/coordinator/coordinator.js
+++ b/turnstone/console/static/coordinator/coordinator.js
@@ -102,14 +102,28 @@
   const statusEl = document.getElementById("coord-status");
   const sseEl = document.getElementById("coord-sse-status");
   const nameEl = document.getElementById("coord-name");
-  const approvalBar = document.getElementById("coord-approval-bar");
-  const approvalTools = document.getElementById("coord-approval-tools");
   const childrenTreeEl = document.getElementById("coord-children-tree");
   const childrenCountEl = document.getElementById("coord-children-count");
   const childrenRefreshBtn = document.getElementById("coord-children-refresh");
   const tasksEl = document.getElementById("coord-tasks");
   const tasksCountEl = document.getElementById("coord-tasks-count");
   const tasksRefreshBtn = document.getElementById("coord-tasks-refresh");
+  // Off-screen aria-live="assertive" region — pending tool-batches
+  // append into the polite messages log, which gets flipped to
+  // aria-live="off" during streaming.  Routing the action-required
+  // announcement through this dedicated region ensures SR users hear
+  // the gate land regardless of streaming state.
+  const srAnnouncerEl = document.getElementById("coord-sr-announcer");
+  function _announceAssertive(text) {
+    if (!srAnnouncerEl) return;
+    // Briefly clearing then setting forces SR reading even if the
+    // text is identical to the previous announcement (some SRs only
+    // read on textContent change).
+    srAnnouncerEl.textContent = "";
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      srAnnouncerEl.textContent = text;
+    });
+  }
 
   // Status bar — model alias, token / context-window usage, tool calls
   // this turn, conversation turn.  Driven by the connected + status
@@ -123,24 +137,31 @@
   let coordModelAlias = "";
   let lastStatusEvt = null;
 
-  let pendingApprovalCallId = null;
   let evtSource = null;
   let reconnectAttempts = 0;
   let reconnectTimer = null;
 
-  // Cache of judge verdicts keyed by call_id.  Judge events (intent_verdict)
-  // and approval events (approve_request) are async and can arrive in either
-  // order; the cache lets each handler apply data to the other without
-  // assuming ordering.
+  // Cache of judge verdicts keyed by call_id.  intent_verdict and
+  // approve_request are async and may arrive in either order; the
+  // cache lets each handler apply data to the other without assuming
+  // ordering.  Soft-capped at JUDGE_VERDICTS_CAP entries — Maps
+  // preserve insertion order, so the oldest entry is the one yielded
+  // by .keys().next() and is evicted when the cap is exceeded.  Cap
+  // is generous because verdicts are small (~few hundred bytes each)
+  // and the only consumer is the rare race where SSE re-fires
+  // approve_request after the originally-cached entry has been
+  // applied.
+  const JUDGE_VERDICTS_CAP = 500;
   const judgeVerdicts = new Map();
-
-  // Approval focus is deferred until the judge returns a verdict so the
-  // Approve button doesn't pre-emptively light up (could read as "already
-  // approved").  No fallback — if the judge never responds (disabled /
-  // slow), focus simply never moves; keyboard users tab from the
-  // composer to reach the buttons manually.  A fallback would produce
-  // an ambiguous focus ring that could be misread as "judge approved."
-  let approvalFocusClaimed = false;
+  function _cacheJudgeVerdict(callId, verdict) {
+    if (!callId) return;
+    judgeVerdicts.set(callId, verdict);
+    while (judgeVerdicts.size > JUDGE_VERDICTS_CAP) {
+      const oldest = judgeVerdicts.keys().next().value;
+      if (oldest === undefined) break;
+      judgeVerdicts.delete(oldest);
+    }
+  }
 
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------
   // HTML escaping and safe ws_id linkification
@@ -158,6 +179,18 @@
       .replace(/'/g, "&#39;");
   }
 
+  // ANSI-escape stripper — mirrors ui/static/app.js so a tool that
+  // emits CSI sequences (rare on the coord tool surface, but bash
+  // through MCP / the underlying child node still can) lands as
+  // readable text inside the tool-batch result block.
+  function stripAnsi(s) {
+    return String(s == null ? "" : s).replace(
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex
+      /\x1b(?:\[[0-9;?]*[@-~]|\][^\x07\x1b]*(?:\x07|\x1b\\)?|[()#][A-Za-z0-9]|.)/g,
+      "",
+    );
+  }
+
   // Post-process tool-output JSON: wrap known ws_id + node_id pairs in a
   // link pointing at /node/{node_id}/?ws_id={child_ws_id}.  Only applies
   // when BOTH keys are present and look like valid hex ids.
@@ -241,6 +274,21 @@
   // Message append helpers
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+  // Coalesce scrollTop writes through requestAnimationFrame so the
+  // bulk history-replay loop doesn't fire one synchronous reflow per
+  // appended message — for histories with hundreds of turns the
+  // un-coalesced version visibly stalls the page.  Live SSE streaming
+  // also benefits: token-rate scrolls collapse into one paint.
+  let _scrollPending = false;
+  function _scheduleScroll() {
+    if (_scrollPending) return;
+    _scrollPending = true;
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      _scrollPending = false;
+      messagesEl.scrollTop = messagesEl.scrollHeight;
+    });
+  }
+
   // Map raw role → .msg variant (DS primitives/message.css).  "error"
   // overloads the role slot for styling; opts.label still carries the
   // tool name so SR text like "error · bash" stays meaningful on the
@@ -279,7 +327,7 @@
     body.innerHTML = html;
     el.appendChild(body);
     messagesEl.appendChild(el);
-    messagesEl.scrollTop = messagesEl.scrollHeight;
+    _scheduleScroll();
     return el;
   }
 
@@ -287,17 +335,7 @@
     return appendMsg(role, esc(text), opts);
   }
 
-  function appendToolCall(item) {
-    const label = item.func_name || "tool";
-    const html =
-      "<strong>" +
-      esc(item.header || label) +
-      "</strong>" +
-      (item.preview ? "<pre>" + esc(item.preview) + "</pre>" : "");
-    return appendMsg("tool", html, { label: label, callId: item.call_id });
-  }
-
-  // Build an appendToolCall-shaped item from a persisted assistant
+  // Build a tool-batch item from a persisted assistant
   // tool_call.  Live calls land here with header / preview already
   // computed by ChatSession._prepare_tool; history replay never sees
   // those (only `function.name` + `function.arguments`), so synthesise
@@ -355,6 +393,16 @@
   }
 
   function appendToolResult(name, callId, output, isError) {
+    if (callId && toolRows.has(callId)) {
+      const entry = toolRows.get(callId);
+      _appendResultToRow(entry.row, output, isError);
+      // Result blocks grow scrollHeight; without this the user pinned
+      // at the bottom loses their pin when the row inflates.  appendMsg
+      // already routes through _scheduleScroll on the legacy path; this
+      // branch was the gap.
+      _scheduleScroll();
+      return entry.row;
+    }
     const html = renderToolOutput(output);
     const el = appendMsg(isError ? "error" : "tool", html, {
       label: (isError ? "error · " : "") + (name || "tool"),
@@ -363,6 +411,806 @@
     return el;
   }
 
+  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Tool batch construct — paired tool calls + approval + results
+  //
+  // Replaces the prior pinned approval dock + duplicate .msg.tool
+  // bubble pattern.  One construct per dispatch turn:
+  //   - solo (1 call, serial):  .coord-tool-batch--solo
+  //   - parallel (≥2 calls):    .coord-tool-batch--parallel
+  // The approval gate, judge verdicts, and tool results all render
+  // inside the construct so the operator reads call → verdict → result
+  // as one cohesive unit.
+  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // call_id → { batch, row }.  Routes intent_verdict + tool_result
+  // events to the correct row.  Holds DOM refs only; the originating
+  // item payload is intentionally not retained (long sessions would
+  // pin per-call preview / parsed-args memory for the page lifetime).
+  const toolRows = new Map();
+
+  // Most-recently-rendered batch with an open approval gate.  Used for
+  // keyboard focus claiming and approval_resolved fallbacks.
+  let activeBatch = null;
+
+  function _formatBatchArgs(item) {
+    let s = item.header || item.approval_label || item.preview || "";
+    if (item.func_name && s.startsWith(item.func_name + ":")) {
+      s = s.slice(item.func_name.length + 1).trim();
+    } else if (item.func_name === "bash" && s.startsWith("$ ")) {
+      s = s.slice(2);
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  // Single source of truth for the batch tier badge text.  Both the
+  // initial-render path (_pickBatchTier reading from items[]) and the
+  // live-refresh path (_refreshBatchTier reading from row dataset)
+  // route through here so the literal label can't drift between
+  // surfaces.
+  function _formatTierLabel(llmModel, hasHeuristic) {
+    if (llmModel !== null) {
+      return "⚖ llm" + (llmModel ? ":" + llmModel : "");
+    }
+    if (hasHeuristic) {
+      return "⚙ heuristic";
+    }
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  // Pick the highest-tier verdict across items for the initial batch
+  // tier badge.  LLM beats heuristic; first LLM verdict's judge_model
+  // wins (heterogeneous models within a single envelope is unusual but
+  // we default to the leading one for stability).
+  function _pickBatchTier(items) {
+    let llmModel = null;
+    let hasHeuristic = false;
+    for (const it of items) {
+      const v = it.judge_verdict || it.heuristic_verdict;
+      if (!v) continue;
+      const tier = v.tier || (it.judge_verdict ? "llm" : "heuristic");
+      if (tier === "llm" && llmModel === null) {
+        llmModel = v.judge_model || "";
+      } else if (tier === "heuristic") {
+        hasHeuristic = true;
+      }
+    }
+    return _formatTierLabel(llmModel, hasHeuristic);
+  }
+
+  // Coalesce _refreshBatchTier scans across a microtask so a burst of
+  // verdict updates on the same batch (e.g. 10 intent_verdict SSE
+  // events for a 10-row fan-out arriving in the same tick) collapse
+  // into ONE querySelectorAll + DOM compare.  Without this each
+  // verdict triggered an O(N-rows) scan, yielding O(N²) DOM walks
+  // per batch render or burst.
+  const _tierDirtyBatches = new Set();
+  let _tierFlushScheduled = false;
+  function _refreshBatchTier(batch) {
+    if (!batch) return;
+    _tierDirtyBatches.add(batch);
+    if (_tierFlushScheduled) return;
+    _tierFlushScheduled = true;
+    queueMicrotask(() => {
+      _tierFlushScheduled = false;
+      const dirty = Array.from(_tierDirtyBatches);
+      _tierDirtyBatches.clear();
+      dirty.forEach(_refreshBatchTierImmediate);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Synchronous tier-badge recompute.  Called from the microtask
+  // flush; do not invoke directly from render-hot paths — go through
+  // _refreshBatchTier for the burst-coalescing benefit.
+  function _refreshBatchTierImmediate(batch) {
+    if (!batch || !batch.isConnected) return;
+    let llmModel = null;
+    let hasHeuristic = false;
+    batch.querySelectorAll(".coord-tool-row").forEach((r) => {
+      const t = r.dataset.verdictTier;
+      if (t === "llm" && llmModel === null) {
+        llmModel = r.dataset.verdictModel || "";
+      } else if (t === "heuristic") {
+        hasHeuristic = true;
+      }
+    });
+    const head = batch.querySelector(".coord-tool-batch-head");
+    if (!head) return;
+    let tierEl = head.querySelector(".coord-tool-batch-tier");
+    const label = _formatTierLabel(llmModel, hasHeuristic);
+    if (label) {
+      if (!tierEl) {
+        tierEl = document.createElement("span");
+        tierEl.className = "coord-tool-batch-tier";
+        head.appendChild(tierEl);
+      }
+      if (tierEl.textContent !== label) tierEl.textContent = label;
+    } else if (tierEl) {
+      tierEl.remove();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Apply / refresh per-row status state from an item payload:
+  //  - data-needs-approval="1" when item.needs_approval && !item.error
+  //  - .coord-tool-row-status--auto pill when item.auto_approved
+  //  - .coord-tool-row-status--error pill + .error class when policy-
+  //    blocked (item.error && !needs_approval)
+  // Idempotent: clears any prior status pills + the data attribute
+  // before re-applying so an upgrade-in-place (e.g. SSE folding tool
+  // _info / approve_request items into a previously rendered
+  // --running batch) doesn't leave stale markers.  Runtime errors
+  // arriving via tool_result are tracked via row.classList.add("error")
+  // in _appendResultToRow and intentionally not cleared here — they
+  // reflect execution outcome, not the static item payload.
+  function _refreshRowStatus(row, item) {
+    if (!row || !item) return;
+    const callLine = row.querySelector(".coord-tool-row-call");
+    if (callLine) {
+      callLine
+        .querySelectorAll(".coord-tool-row-status")
+        .forEach((p) => p.remove());
+    }
+    delete row.dataset.needsApproval;
+    // Don't clear .error here when it came from a result (no
+    // matching item.error); only clear the static-policy marker.
+    // Approximate by re-deriving solely from item below.
+    row.classList.remove("error");
+    if (item.needs_approval && !item.error) {
+      row.dataset.needsApproval = "1";
+    }
+    if (callLine && item.auto_approved && !item.needs_approval) {
+      const pill = document.createElement("span");
+      pill.className = "coord-tool-row-status coord-tool-row-status--auto";
+      const reason = _normaliseAutoApproveReason(item.auto_approve_reason);
+      pill.textContent = "✓ " + reason;
+      pill.title = "auto-approved (no operator prompt) — reason: " + reason;
+      callLine.appendChild(pill);
+    }
+    if (callLine && item.error && !item.needs_approval) {
+      const errPill = document.createElement("span");
+      errPill.className = "coord-tool-row-status coord-tool-row-status--error";
+      errPill.textContent = "✗ " + (item.error || "blocked");
+      callLine.appendChild(errPill);
+      row.classList.add("error");
+    }
+    // If a runtime tool_result already landed an .error on this row,
+    // re-derive it from the result block's presence so we don't
+    // accidentally drop the cue when refreshing from a non-error
+    // item shape.
+    if (
+      row.querySelector(".coord-tool-row-result.coord-tool-row-result--error")
+    ) {
+      row.classList.add("error");
+    }
+  }
+
+  function _renderBatchRow(item, indexLabel) {
+    const row = document.createElement("div");
+    row.className = "coord-tool-row";
+    if (item.call_id) row.dataset.callId = item.call_id;
+
+    const callLine = document.createElement("div");
+    callLine.className = "coord-tool-row-call";
+
+    if (indexLabel) {
+      const idx = document.createElement("span");
+      idx.className = "coord-tool-row-idx";
+      idx.textContent = indexLabel;
+      callLine.appendChild(idx);
+    }
+
+    const name = document.createElement("span");
+    name.className = "coord-tool-row-name";
+    name.textContent = item.func_name || "(unknown tool)";
+    callLine.appendChild(name);
+
+    const args = document.createElement("span");
+    args.className = "coord-tool-row-args";
+    args.textContent = _formatBatchArgs(item);
+    callLine.appendChild(args);
+
+    row.appendChild(callLine);
+    // Apply status pills + data-needs-approval through the shared
+    // helper so initial render and upgrade-in-place can't drift.
+    _refreshRowStatus(row, item);
+    return row;
+  }
+
+  // Stable signature for a verdict — used to skip the DOM rebuild when
+  // an SSE replay (or duplicate intent_verdict event) carries the same
+  // verdict body we already painted.  Any field change (rec/risk/conf
+  // /reasoning) flips the signature and re-renders.
+  function _verdictSig(verdict) {
+    if (!verdict) return "";
+    // ``tier`` + ``judge_model`` are part of the signature because a
+    // heuristic→llm transition can otherwise share the four core
+    // fields (rec / risk / conf / reasoning).  ``dataset.verdictTier``
+    // is only updated when the rebuild runs, so dropping the tier from
+    // the signature would lock the header on ``⚙ heuristic`` even
+    // after the LLM verdict lands.
+    return [
+      verdict.recommendation || "",
+      verdict.risk_level || "",
+      verdict.confidence != null ? String(verdict.confidence) : "",
+      verdict.reasoning || "",
+      verdict.tier || "",
+      verdict.judge_model || "",
+    ].join("");
+  }
+
+  function _appendVerdictLineTo(row, verdict) {
+    // Dedupe by signature so reconnect storms don't tear down + rebuild
+    // an unchanged verdict line.  _appendVerdictLineTo(row, null) is
+    // used by _appendJudgePendingLineTo to clear and start fresh — that
+    // path explicitly bypasses the dedupe (sig of null is "").
+    const sig = _verdictSig(verdict);
+    if (verdict && row.dataset.verdictSig === sig) {
+      return row.querySelector(".coord-tool-row-verdict");
+    }
+    row.dataset.verdictSig = sig;
+
+    let line = row.querySelector(".coord-tool-row-verdict");
+    if (!line) {
+      line = document.createElement("div");
+      line.className = "coord-tool-row-verdict";
+      const callEl = row.querySelector(".coord-tool-row-call");
+      if (callEl && callEl.nextSibling) {
+        row.insertBefore(line, callEl.nextSibling);
+      } else {
+        row.appendChild(line);
+      }
+    }
+    line.replaceChildren();
+    if (verdict) {
+      const chip = document.createElement("code");
+      const rec = verdict.recommendation || "?";
+      const risk = verdict.risk_level || "?";
+      chip.textContent = "judge: " + rec + " · risk: " + risk;
+      if (rec === "approve") chip.classList.add("rec-approve");
+      else if (rec === "review") chip.classList.add("rec-review");
+      else if (rec === "deny") chip.classList.add("rec-deny");
+      line.appendChild(chip);
+      if (verdict.confidence != null) {
+        const conf = document.createElement("code");
+        const v = verdict.confidence;
+        conf.textContent = typeof v === "number" ? v.toFixed(2) : String(v);
+        line.appendChild(conf);
+      }
+    }
+    const oldRationale = row.querySelector(".coord-tool-row-rationale");
+    if (oldRationale) oldRationale.remove();
+    if (verdict && verdict.reasoning) {
+      const det = document.createElement("details");
+      det.className = "coord-tool-row-rationale";
+      const sum = document.createElement("summary");
+      sum.textContent = "rationale";
+      det.appendChild(sum);
+      const body = document.createElement("div");
+      body.className = "coord-tool-row-rationale-body";
+      body.textContent = verdict.reasoning;
+      det.appendChild(body);
+      // Insert immediately after the verdict line so the rationale
+      // stays adjacent to the chip even when a result block has
+      // already landed below — DOM order otherwise reads as
+      // [call, verdict, result, rationale], which visually disconnects
+      // the rationale from the chip it explains.
+      line.insertAdjacentElement("afterend", det);
+    }
+    // Persist the verdict's tier on the row so the batch's header
+    // tier badge can escalate from ⚙ heuristic → ⚖ llm when a later
+    // intent_verdict lands an LLM verdict.  Default to "heuristic"
+    // when tier is absent — heuristic verdicts ship without an
+    // explicit tier marker on every server emitter.
+    if (verdict) {
+      row.dataset.verdictTier = verdict.tier || "heuristic";
+      if (verdict.judge_model) {
+        row.dataset.verdictModel = verdict.judge_model;
+      } else {
+        delete row.dataset.verdictModel;
+      }
+    } else {
+      delete row.dataset.verdictTier;
+      delete row.dataset.verdictModel;
+    }
+    _refreshBatchTier(row.closest(".coord-tool-batch"));
+    return line;
+  }
+
+  function _appendJudgePendingLineTo(row) {
+    const line = _appendVerdictLineTo(row, null);
+    const chip = document.createElement("code");
+    chip.className = "judging";
+    const spin = document.createElement("span");
+    spin.className = "spin";
+    spin.setAttribute("aria-hidden", "true");
+    chip.appendChild(spin);
+    chip.appendChild(document.createTextNode("judge evaluating…"));
+    line.appendChild(chip);
+  }
+
+  function _appendResultToRow(row, output, isError) {
+    if (!row) return;
+    const existing = row.querySelector(".coord-tool-row-result");
+    if (existing) existing.remove();
+    if (isError) {
+      row.classList.add("error");
+      // Lift the row's error onto the enclosing batch so the left
+      // stripe + status pill (--error) cue the operator at the batch
+      // level too.  Idempotent — re-fires don't stack.
+      const batch = row.closest(".coord-tool-batch");
+      if (batch) batch.classList.add("coord-tool-batch--error");
+    }
+    const block = document.createElement("div");
+    block.className = "coord-tool-row-result";
+    // Marker class so _refreshRowStatus can preserve the row's
+    // .error state across upgrade-in-place when the error came from
+    // a tool_result (not a static item.error).
+    if (isError) block.classList.add("coord-tool-row-result--error");
+    const lead = document.createElement("span");
+    lead.className = "coord-tool-row-result-lead";
+    lead.textContent = isError ? "✗ error: " : "↳ result: ";
+    block.appendChild(lead);
+    // Pretty-print JSON when the output parses; coord tool surfaces
+    // (list_nodes, tasks, spawn_workstream, ...) emit JSON by default,
+    // and a single-line dump is unreadable for a multi-key result.
+    // The parent .coord-tool-row-result has white-space: pre-wrap, so
+    // a textContent assignment with embedded \n preserves the
+    // formatting without needing a nested <pre>.
+    const cleaned = stripAnsi(output || "");
+    const body = document.createElement("span");
+    let pretty = cleaned;
+    // Pretty-print JSON only when:
+    //  - the payload looks like JSON (first non-space char is { or [),
+    //    so we don't waste a parse on plain text or HTML, AND
+    //  - it's small enough that the parse + restringify is cheap
+    //    (cap at 32 KiB).  A 100 KiB tool output can deepen into a
+    //    multi-MB object graph and stall the main thread for hundreds
+    //    of ms; the parent CSS is white-space: pre-wrap so raw text
+    //    still wraps and stays readable past the cap.
+    const PRETTY_PRINT_CAP = 32 * 1024;
+    if (cleaned && cleaned.length <= PRETTY_PRINT_CAP) {
+      const head = cleaned.charCodeAt(0);
+      // 0x7B = '{', 0x5B = '['  — leading whitespace would also fail
+      // the cheap heuristic; that's intentional, the pretty-print is
+      // a UX nice-to-have not a contract.
+      if (head === 0x7b || head === 0x5b) {
+        try {
+          const parsed = JSON.parse(cleaned);
+          if (parsed && typeof parsed === "object") {
+            pretty = JSON.stringify(parsed, null, 2);
+          }
+        } catch (_) {
+          /* not JSON — fall through to raw text */
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    body.textContent = pretty;
+    block.appendChild(body);
+    row.appendChild(block);
+  }
+
+  function _makeActionButton(label, role, kbdHint, ariaLabel) {
+    const btn = document.createElement("button");
+    btn.type = "button";
+    btn.className = "act";
+    btn.dataset.role = role;
+    btn.appendChild(document.createTextNode(label));
+    if (kbdHint) {
+      const kbd = document.createElement("span");
+      kbd.className = "kbd";
+      kbd.setAttribute("aria-hidden", "true");
+      kbd.textContent = kbdHint;
+      btn.appendChild(kbd);
+    }
+    if (ariaLabel) btn.setAttribute("aria-label", ariaLabel);
+    return btn;
+  }
+
+  // Concise, screen-reader friendly summary of a pending batch — used
+  // both as the .coord-tool-batch[role=region] aria-label and as the
+  // text fed to the off-screen assertive announcer when the gate
+  // appears.  "Approval required: spawn_workstream + 9 more" reads
+  // cleanly through a SR without revealing every nested arg.
+  function _approvalAriaLabel(items) {
+    const first =
+      (items && items[0] && (items[0].func_name || items[0].approval_label)) ||
+      "tool";
+    const rest = items.length > 1 ? " + " + (items.length - 1) + " more" : "";
+    return "Approval required: " + first + rest;
+  }
+
+  // Header kicker text for a pending batch.  Both the upgrade-in-place
+  // and fresh-build paths in appendToolBatch render this; pulling the
+  // string into one place keeps the two paths from drifting on a
+  // future label tweak.
+  function _pendingKickerText(items) {
+    return items.length >= 2
+      ? "⚠ Approval · Parallel " + items.length
+      : "⚠ Approval";
+  }
+
+  function _buildBatchActions(batch, items) {
+    const actions = document.createElement("div");
+    actions.className = "coord-tool-actions";
+    const spacer = document.createElement("div");
+    spacer.className = "spacer";
+    actions.appendChild(spacer);
+
+    const denyBtn = _makeActionButton("Deny", "deny", "D", "Deny (D)");
+    denyBtn.classList.add("danger");
+    denyBtn.addEventListener("click", () =>
+      _resolveBatchAction(batch, false, false),
+    );
+    actions.appendChild(denyBtn);
+
+    const alwaysNames = items
+      .filter(
+        (it) =>
+          it.needs_approval &&
+          it.func_name &&
+          it.func_name !== "__budget_override__" &&
+          !it.error,
+      )
+      .map((it) => it.approval_label || it.func_name);
+    if (alwaysNames.length > 0) {
+      const ariaAlways = "Always approve " + alwaysNames.join(", ");
+      const alwaysBtn = _makeActionButton("Always", "always", "⇧A", ariaAlways);
+      alwaysBtn.classList.add("always");
+      alwaysBtn.title = ariaAlways;
+      alwaysBtn.addEventListener("click", () =>
+        _resolveBatchAction(batch, true, true),
+      );
+      actions.appendChild(alwaysBtn);
+    }
+
+    const approveBtn = _makeActionButton(
+      "Approve",
+      "approve",
+      "⏎",
+      "Approve (Enter)",
+    );
+    approveBtn.classList.add("primary");
+    approveBtn.addEventListener("click", () =>
+      _resolveBatchAction(batch, true, false),
+    );
+    actions.appendChild(approveBtn);
+
+    return actions;
+  }
+
+  async function _resolveBatchAction(batch, approved, always) {
+    // Pick a call_id from a row that's actually in the server's
+    // pending_items (data-needs-approval="1").  approve_request
+    // envelopes carry the FULL items list including auto-approved /
+    // policy-blocked siblings; resolving against one of those would
+    // 409 since the server's pending_items wouldn't recognise it.
+    const pendingRow = batch.querySelector(
+      '.coord-tool-row[data-needs-approval="1"][data-call-id]',
+    );
+    const callId = pendingRow && pendingRow.dataset.callId;
+    if (!callId) return;
+    _setBatchActionsDisabled(batch, true);
+    // Stash the "always" intent on the batch as a backward-compat
+    // fallback for the approval_resolved SSE handler.  Server now
+    // echoes `always` on the resolved event (post-PR-447) so peer
+    // tabs render the right status pill in cross-tab scenarios; the
+    // dataset is only consulted during a hot-deploy window where the
+    // SSE event might briefly omit the field.  Also echoes back to
+    // the operator that the click landed.
+    batch.dataset.requestedAlways = always ? "1" : "";
+    try {
+      const resp = await approveWorkstream(wsId, {
+        approved: !!approved,
+        always: !!always,
+        call_id: callId,
+      });
+      if (!resp.ok) throw new Error("approve failed: HTTP " + resp.status);
+    } catch (e) {
+      _setBatchActionsDisabled(batch, false);
+      delete batch.dataset.requestedAlways;
+      if (typeof toast !== "undefined" && toast.error) toast.error(String(e));
+      else console.error(e);
+      return;
+    }
+    // approval_resolved SSE event will morph the batch authoritatively.
+  }
+
+  function _setBatchActionsDisabled(batch, disabled) {
+    batch.querySelectorAll(".coord-tool-actions button").forEach((b) => {
+      b.disabled = !!disabled;
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Build the resolved-state status pill.  Shared between the live
+  // _morphBatchResolved path (post-approve, post-deny) and the
+  // history-replay path inside appendToolBatch (renders resolved
+  // batches without ever showing actions).
+  function _buildStatusPill(opts) {
+    const status = document.createElement("div");
+    status.className = "coord-tool-status";
+    status.classList.add(
+      opts.approved
+        ? "coord-tool-status--approved"
+        : "coord-tool-status--denied",
+    );
+    const label = document.createElement("span");
+    if (opts.approved) {
+      label.textContent = opts.always ? "✓ approved · always" : "✓ approved";
+    } else {
+      label.textContent = "✗ denied";
+    }
+    status.appendChild(label);
+    if (opts.feedback) {
+      const fb = document.createElement("span");
+      fb.className = "coord-tool-status-feedback";
+      fb.textContent = "— " + opts.feedback;
+      status.appendChild(fb);
+    }
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  function _morphBatchResolved(batch, opts) {
+    if (!batch) return;
+    batch.classList.remove("coord-tool-batch--pending");
+    batch.classList.add(
+      opts.approved ? "coord-tool-batch--approved" : "coord-tool-batch--denied",
+    );
+    // Drop the [role=region] approval landmark so the resolved batch
+    // stops claiming "Approval required" in SR landmark navigation.
+    batch.removeAttribute("role");
+    batch.removeAttribute("aria-label");
+    const actions = batch.querySelector(".coord-tool-actions");
+    if (actions) actions.replaceWith(_buildStatusPill(opts));
+    if (activeBatch === batch) activeBatch = null;
+  }
+
+  function _focusBatchPrimary(batch, prefer) {
+    if (!batch) return;
+    const role = prefer === "deny" ? "deny" : "approve";
+    const btn = batch.querySelector(
+      '.coord-tool-actions button[data-role="' + role + '"]',
+    );
+    if (btn) {
+      try {
+        btn.focus({ preventScroll: false });
+      } catch (_) {
+        /* noop */
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Build (or update) a batch construct for `items`.  Idempotent on
+  // SSE reconnect: when every item's call_id already has a row in the
+  // DOM, returns the existing batch + folds in any newly-cached
+  // verdicts (and upgrades the batch's state class when SSE arrives
+  // with a more specific state than history replay used).
+  //
+  // opts (mutually exclusive states):
+  //   pending (bool)       — show approval action row, mark --pending
+  //   auto (bool)          — mark --auto (no actions; auto-approved)
+  //   running (bool)       — mark --running (no actions; replay-time
+  //                          orphan with no result yet — could be
+  //                          pending OR auto-approved + in-flight,
+  //                          ambiguous until SSE clarifies)
+  //   resolved ({approved,denied,feedback,always}) — historical
+  //                          resolved batch (status pill prefilled)
+  //   judgePending (bool)  — show "judge evaluating…" placeholders
+  //                          on rows with needs_approval=true (only
+  //                          meaningful with pending)
+  function appendToolBatch(items, opts) {
+    items = (items || []).filter(Boolean);
+    if (items.length === 0) return null;
+    opts = opts || {};
+
+    const allMapped = items.every(
+      (it) => it.call_id && toolRows.has(it.call_id),
+    );
+    // Partial-overlap guard.  If only SOME of the incoming call_ids
+    // are mapped (i.e. they belong to a different prior batch),
+    // overwriting toolRows in the create-new path below would orphan
+    // those prior rows — they'd stay in their old batch's DOM but
+    // tool_result / intent_verdict events for them would route into
+    // the new batch.  This shape doesn't occur in normal operation
+    // (the server never sends overlapping envelopes), so we log it +
+    // unmap the stale entries before the new batch claims them.
+    if (!allMapped) {
+      const partial = items.filter(
+        (it) => it.call_id && toolRows.has(it.call_id),
+      );
+      if (partial.length > 0) {
+        console.warn(
+          "coord_ui: partial-overlap envelope — unmapping",
+          partial.length,
+          "stale call_ids before new batch claims them",
+        );
+        partial.forEach((it) => toolRows.delete(it.call_id));
+      }
+    }
+    if (allMapped) {
+      const existing = toolRows.get(items[0].call_id).batch;
+      // Upgrade-in-place: when SSE arrives with a more specific state
+      // than the placeholder history replay rendered, morph the
+      // existing shell instead of leaving stale chrome.  The two real
+      // upgrade transitions:
+      //   --running → --pending  (SSE approve_request fires for an
+      //                            orphan turn that was actually
+      //                            awaiting approval at reload)
+      //   --running → --auto     (SSE tool_info fires for an orphan
+      //                            turn that was actually auto-
+      //                            approved + in-flight at reload)
+      if (
+        opts.pending &&
+        !existing.classList.contains("coord-tool-batch--pending")
+      ) {
+        existing.classList.remove(
+          "coord-tool-batch--approved",
+          "coord-tool-batch--denied",
+          "coord-tool-batch--auto",
+          "coord-tool-batch--running",
+          "coord-tool-batch--error",
+        );
+        existing.classList.add("coord-tool-batch--pending");
+        existing.setAttribute("role", "region");
+        existing.setAttribute("aria-label", _approvalAriaLabel(items));
+        const kicker = existing.querySelector(".coord-tool-batch-kicker");
+        if (kicker) {
+          kicker.textContent = _pendingKickerText(items);
+        }
+        const statusEl = existing.querySelector(".coord-tool-status");
+        const actionsEl = existing.querySelector(".coord-tool-actions");
+        const newActions = _buildBatchActions(existing, items);
+        if (statusEl) statusEl.replaceWith(newActions);
+        else if (actionsEl) actionsEl.replaceWith(newActions);
+        else existing.appendChild(newActions);
+        activeBatch = existing;
+        _announceAssertive(_approvalAriaLabel(items));
+      } else if (
+        opts.auto &&
+        existing.classList.contains("coord-tool-batch--running")
+      ) {
+        existing.classList.remove("coord-tool-batch--running");
+        existing.classList.add("coord-tool-batch--auto");
+      } else if (opts.pending) {
+        // Already pending — keep the action row, just refresh
+        // activeBatch so kb shortcut + approval_resolved routing
+        // target the right construct.  Don't re-announce; SR already
+        // heard about this gate.
+        activeBatch = existing;
+      }
+      items.forEach((it) => {
+        const entry = toolRows.get(it.call_id);
+        if (!entry) return;
+        // Refresh per-row status from the authoritative SSE item:
+        // clears any stale data-needs-approval / status pills the
+        // earlier shell rendered (e.g. replay-time orphan rows had
+        // no auto/error info; SSE tool_info / approve_request items
+        // do).  Preserves runtime tool_result errors via the
+        // .coord-tool-row-result--error marker.
+        _refreshRowStatus(entry.row, it);
+        const cached = judgeVerdicts.get(it.call_id);
+        const v = it.judge_verdict || it.heuristic_verdict || cached;
+        if (v) {
+          _appendVerdictLineTo(entry.row, v);
+        } else if (
+          it.needs_approval &&
+          opts.judgePending &&
+          !entry.row.querySelector(".coord-tool-row-verdict")
+        ) {
+          _appendJudgePendingLineTo(entry.row);
+        }
+      });
+      return existing;
+    }
+
+    const batch = document.createElement("div");
+    batch.className = "coord-tool-batch";
+    batch.classList.add(
+      items.length >= 2
+        ? "coord-tool-batch--parallel"
+        : "coord-tool-batch--solo",
+    );
+    if (opts.pending) batch.classList.add("coord-tool-batch--pending");
+    else if (opts.auto) batch.classList.add("coord-tool-batch--auto");
+    else if (opts.running) batch.classList.add("coord-tool-batch--running");
+    else if (opts.resolved) {
+      batch.classList.add(
+        opts.resolved.approved
+          ? "coord-tool-batch--approved"
+          : "coord-tool-batch--denied",
+      );
+    }
+
+    const head = document.createElement("div");
+    head.className = "coord-tool-batch-head";
+    const kicker = document.createElement("span");
+    kicker.className = "coord-tool-batch-kicker";
+    if (opts.pending) {
+      kicker.textContent = _pendingKickerText(items);
+    } else if (opts.running) {
+      kicker.textContent =
+        items.length >= 2 ? "Running · Parallel " + items.length : "Running";
+    } else if (items.length >= 2) {
+      kicker.textContent = "Parallel · " + items.length + " tools";
+    } else {
+      kicker.textContent = "Tool";
+    }
+    head.appendChild(kicker);
+
+    const summary = document.createElement("span");
+    summary.className = "coord-tool-batch-summary";
+    const firstName =
+      items[0] && (items[0].func_name || items[0].approval_label)
+        ? items[0].func_name || items[0].approval_label
+        : "tool";
+    summary.textContent =
+      items.length >= 2
+        ? firstName + " + " + (items.length - 1) + " more"
+        : firstName;
+    head.appendChild(summary);
+
+    const tier = _pickBatchTier(items);
+    if (tier) {
+      const tierEl = document.createElement("span");
+      tierEl.className = "coord-tool-batch-tier";
+      tierEl.textContent = tier;
+      head.appendChild(tierEl);
+    }
+    batch.appendChild(head);
+
+    let anyRowError = false;
+    const renderedRows = [];
+    items.forEach((it, idx) => {
+      const indexLabel = items.length >= 2 ? idx + 1 + "/" + items.length : "";
+      const row = _renderBatchRow(it, indexLabel);
+      batch.appendChild(row);
+      renderedRows.push(row);
+      if (it.call_id) {
+        toolRows.set(it.call_id, { batch, row });
+      }
+      if (row.classList.contains("error")) anyRowError = true;
+      const cached = it.call_id ? judgeVerdicts.get(it.call_id) : null;
+      const verdict = it.judge_verdict || it.heuristic_verdict || cached;
+      if (verdict) {
+        _appendVerdictLineTo(row, verdict);
+      } else if (it.needs_approval && opts.judgePending) {
+        _appendJudgePendingLineTo(row);
+      }
+    });
+    // Tuck the parallel rail 4px in from the first / last row's
+    // top + bottom edges via class markers (CSS :first-of-type would
+    // miss because the batch has other div siblings — head + actions
+    // — coming before/after the row group).
+    if (renderedRows.length > 0) {
+      renderedRows[0].classList.add("coord-tool-row--first");
+      renderedRows[renderedRows.length - 1].classList.add(
+        "coord-tool-row--last",
+      );
+    }
+    // Lift any policy-blocked row's error onto the enclosing batch so
+    // the left stripe + status pill cue the operator at the batch
+    // level too.  _appendResultToRow does the same for runtime errors
+    // arriving via tool_result.
+    if (anyRowError) batch.classList.add("coord-tool-batch--error");
+
+    if (opts.pending) {
+      batch.appendChild(_buildBatchActions(batch, items));
+      // Mark the construct as a navigable landmark for SR users +
+      // route the action-required announcement through the dedicated
+      // assertive live region (the chat log itself is polite and
+      // gets muted during streaming).
+      batch.setAttribute("role", "region");
+      batch.setAttribute("aria-label", _approvalAriaLabel(items));
+      activeBatch = batch;
+      _announceAssertive(_approvalAriaLabel(items));
+    } else if (opts.resolved) {
+      batch.appendChild(_buildStatusPill(opts.resolved));
+    }
+
+    messagesEl.appendChild(batch);
+    _scheduleScroll();
+    return batch;
+  }
+
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Content streaming
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -397,7 +1245,7 @@
     } else if (body) {
       body.textContent = currentAssistantBuf;
     }
-    messagesEl.scrollTop = messagesEl.scrollHeight;
+    _scheduleScroll();
   }
 
   function appendReasoningToken(text) {
@@ -414,7 +1262,7 @@
     currentReasoningBuf += text;
     const body = currentReasoningEl.querySelector(".msg-body");
     if (body) body.textContent = currentReasoningBuf;
-    messagesEl.scrollTop = messagesEl.scrollHeight;
+    _scheduleScroll();
   }
 
   function finishAssistantStream() {
@@ -441,225 +1289,40 @@
   }
 
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // Approval UI
+  // Approval UI — entry point used by the approve_request SSE handler.
+  // The legacy dock + its public surface (hideApproval / coordApprove)
+  // were removed when approvals moved into the inline batch construct.
+  // The SSE approval_resolved handler now drives _morphBatchResolved
+  // directly, and inline action buttons drive _resolveBatchAction.
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-  function showApproval(items) {
-    approvalTools.replaceChildren();
-    const pending = (items || []).filter((it) => it.needs_approval);
-    // Count badge — shown in the .dhead row's trailing .dcount slot.
-    // The "Approval required" kicker is static in the HTML so the
-    // screen-reader label stays stable across open/close cycles.
-    const countEl = document.getElementById("coord-approval-count");
-    if (countEl) {
-      countEl.textContent = pending.length ? pending.length + " pending" : "";
-    }
-    let firstCallId = null;
-    pending.forEach((it, idx) => {
-      if (!firstCallId) firstCallId = it.call_id;
-      // Each pending tool call renders as a .dcall row — the DS pattern
-      // frames this like a mini inspectable call line.  If we've already
-      // received a judge verdict for this call_id, its risk_level takes
-      // precedence; otherwise default to "low" until a verdict arrives.
-      const row = document.createElement("div");
-      row.className = "dcall";
-      if (it.call_id) row.dataset.callId = it.call_id;
-      if (pending.length > 1) {
-        const idx_ = document.createElement("span");
-        idx_.className = "risk low";
-        idx_.textContent = idx + 1 + "/" + pending.length;
-        row.appendChild(idx_);
-      }
-      const fn = document.createElement("span");
-      fn.className = "dfn";
-      fn.textContent = it.func_name || "(unknown tool)";
-      row.appendChild(fn);
-      const args = document.createElement("span");
-      args.className = "dargs";
-      const preview = it.header || it.approval_label || it.preview || "";
-      args.textContent = preview;
-      row.appendChild(args);
-      approvalTools.appendChild(row);
-      // If the judge already delivered a verdict for this call before the
-      // approval surfaced, render it into the dock immediately.  Otherwise
-      // render a spinner placeholder so the reviewer sees "the judge is
-      // still thinking" instead of silence.
-      if (it.call_id && judgeVerdicts.has(it.call_id)) {
-        applyJudgeVerdictToRow(row, judgeVerdicts.get(it.call_id));
-      } else {
-        applyJudgePendingToRow(row);
-      }
+  function showApproval(items, judgePending) {
+    const list = (items || []).filter(Boolean);
+    if (list.length === 0) return;
+    const batch = appendToolBatch(list, {
+      pending: true,
+      judgePending: !!judgePending,
     });
-    pendingApprovalCallId = firstCallId;
-    approvalBar.hidden = false;
-    // Defer focus until the judge returns a verdict.  If the verdict is
-    // already cached (rare race), claim focus immediately.  Otherwise
-    // wait for intent_verdict — no fallback.
-    approvalFocusClaimed = false;
-    if (firstCallId && judgeVerdicts.has(firstCallId)) {
-      claimApprovalFocusForVerdict(judgeVerdicts.get(firstCallId));
+    const firstPending = list.find((it) => it.needs_approval);
+    if (batch && firstPending && firstPending.call_id) {
+      const cached = judgeVerdicts.get(firstPending.call_id);
+      if (cached) _focusBatchPrimary(batch, cached.recommendation);
     }
   }
 
-  // Claim approval-bar focus for a specific button.  Idempotent — further
-  // calls after the first are noops so we don't bounce focus across
-  // multiple buttons as verdicts arrive for a batch.
-  function claimApprovalFocus(btnId) {
-    if (approvalFocusClaimed) return;
-    approvalFocusClaimed = true;
-    const btn = document.getElementById(btnId);
-    if (btn) {
-      try {
-        btn.focus({ preventScroll: false });
-      } catch (_) {
-        /* noop */
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Focus the appropriate action based on the judge's recommendation:
-  // deny → Deny button (judge is warning; reviewer should default to
-  // blocking), approve/review/other → Approve button.
-  function claimApprovalFocusForVerdict(verdict) {
-    const rec = (verdict && verdict.recommendation) || "";
-    claimApprovalFocus(rec === "deny" ? "coord-deny-btn" : "coord-approve-btn");
-  }
-
-  // Ensure a .dctx sibling exists for the given .dcall row, tagged with
-  // the row's call_id.  Returns the .dctx element ready to be populated.
-  function ensureDctxAfterRow(row) {
-    if (!row) return null;
-    const callId = row.dataset.callId;
-    let dctx = row.nextElementSibling;
-    if (
-      !dctx ||
-      !dctx.classList.contains("dctx") ||
-      dctx.dataset.forCall !== callId
-    ) {
-      dctx = document.createElement("div");
-      dctx.className = "dctx";
-      if (callId) dctx.dataset.forCall = callId;
-      row.insertAdjacentElement("afterend", dctx);
-    }
-    return dctx;
-  }
-
-  // Remove any existing .drationale sibling for the given call_id so
-  // repeated verdicts don't stack.
-  function removeRationale(callId) {
-    if (!callId) return;
-    const existing = approvalTools.querySelector(
-      '.drationale[data-for-call="' + cssEscape(callId) + '"]',
-    );
-    if (existing) existing.remove();
-  }
-
-  // Render a "judge evaluating…" placeholder into the .dctx so the
-  // reviewer sees the judge is still thinking while awaiting verdict.
-  function applyJudgePendingToRow(row) {
-    const dctx = ensureDctxAfterRow(row);
-    if (!dctx) return;
-    removeRationale(row.dataset.callId);
-    dctx.replaceChildren();
-    const chip = document.createElement("code");
-    chip.className = "judging";
-    const spin = document.createElement("span");
-    spin.className = "spin";
-    spin.setAttribute("aria-hidden", "true");
-    chip.appendChild(spin);
-    chip.appendChild(document.createTextNode("judge evaluating…"));
-    dctx.appendChild(chip);
-  }
-
-  // Render a judge verdict into a specific .dcall row.  Builds:
-  //   .dctx    <code>judge: rec (risk: lvl)</code> + optional confidence
-  //   .drationale  judge.reasoning text (wrapped prose block)
-  // The judge chip colour-codes by recommendation: approve=ok/green,
-  // review=warn/amber, deny=err/red — so reviewers can triage at a
-  // glance without reading.  Repeated calls for the same row (e.g.
-  // re-evaluation) replace prior content.
-  function applyJudgeVerdictToRow(row, verdict) {
-    if (!row || !verdict) return;
-    const callId = row.dataset.callId;
-    const dctx = ensureDctxAfterRow(row);
-    removeRationale(callId);
-    dctx.replaceChildren();
-    const chip = document.createElement("code");
-    const rec = verdict.recommendation || "?";
-    const risk = verdict.risk_level || "?";
-    chip.textContent = "judge: " + rec + " (risk: " + risk + ")";
-    if (rec === "approve") chip.classList.add("rec-approve");
-    else if (rec === "review") chip.classList.add("rec-review");
-    else if (rec === "deny") chip.classList.add("rec-deny");
-    dctx.appendChild(chip);
-    if (verdict.confidence != null) {
-      const conf = document.createElement("code");
-      conf.textContent = "confidence: " + verdict.confidence;
-      dctx.appendChild(conf);
-    }
-    if (verdict.reasoning) {
-      const rationale = document.createElement("div");
-      rationale.className = "drationale";
-      if (callId) rationale.dataset.forCall = callId;
-      rationale.textContent = verdict.reasoning;
-      dctx.insertAdjacentElement("afterend", rationale);
-    }
-  }
-
-  function hideApproval() {
-    approvalBar.hidden = true;
-    approvalTools.replaceChildren();
-    const countEl = document.getElementById("coord-approval-count");
-    if (countEl) countEl.textContent = "";
-    pendingApprovalCallId = null;
-    approvalFocusClaimed = false;
-    // Prune the verdict cache — verdicts are only used while the dock
-    // is visible, so keeping them across resolve cycles would leak
-    // memory over long sessions.
-    if (judgeVerdicts && typeof judgeVerdicts.clear === "function") {
-      judgeVerdicts.clear();
-    }
-    setApprovalButtonsDisabled(false);
-    // Return focus to the composer for keyboard users.  Only if the
-    // approval bar itself was the focus holder — don't steal focus from
-    // e.g. a user who clicked into the history log.
-    if (
-      document.activeElement &&
-      approvalBar.contains(document.activeElement)
-    ) {
-      try {
-        composer.focus();
-      } catch (_) {
-        /* noop */
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  function setApprovalButtonsDisabled(disabled) {
-    // Disable all three approval buttons during an in-flight POST to
-    // prevent double-submit via double-click / Enter-hold.  The bar
-    // either dismisses on success or re-enables on error.
-    ["coord-approve-btn", "coord-approve-always-btn", "coord-deny-btn"].forEach(
-      (id) => {
-        const btn = document.getElementById(id);
-        if (btn) btn.disabled = !!disabled;
-      },
-    );
-  }
-
-  // Generic approve POST — usable for both the coord-self dock and
-  // the per-child inline buttons in the children-tree. Returns the
+  // Generic approve POST — usable for both the coord-self batch and
+  // the per-child inline buttons in the children-tree.  Returns the
   // response so callers can inspect 409 (stale call_id) bodies and
   // refresh their local state.
   //
-  // The path differs by target: the coord workstream is hosted on
-  // the console process itself (lifted verbs at /v1/api/workstreams/
+  // The path differs by target: the coord workstream is hosted on the
+  // console process itself (lifted verbs at /v1/api/workstreams/
   // {coord_ws_id}/approve), but child workstreams live on cluster
   // nodes and need to round-trip through the routing proxy at
-  // /v1/api/route/workstreams/{child_ws_id}/approve which resolves
-  // the ws_id to its owning node and forwards the body verbatim.
-  // Without the /route/ prefix children always 404 because the
-  // console doesn't host them.
+  // /v1/api/route/workstreams/{child_ws_id}/approve which resolves the
+  // ws_id to its owning node and forwards the body verbatim.  Without
+  // the /route/ prefix children always 404 because the console
+  // doesn't host them.
   async function approveWorkstream(targetWsId, body) {
     const isSelf = targetWsId === wsId;
     const path = isSelf
@@ -670,26 +1333,6 @@
     return postJSON(path, body);
   }
 
-  window.coordApprove = async function (approved, always) {
-    if (!pendingApprovalCallId) return; // no-op if bar already resolved
-    const body = {
-      approved: !!approved,
-      always: !!always,
-      call_id: pendingApprovalCallId,
-    };
-    setApprovalButtonsDisabled(true);
-    try {
-      const resp = await approveWorkstream(wsId, body);
-      if (!resp.ok) throw new Error("approve failed: HTTP " + resp.status);
-    } catch (e) {
-      setApprovalButtonsDisabled(false);
-      if (typeof toast !== "undefined" && toast.error) toast.error(String(e));
-      else console.error(e);
-      return;
-    }
-    hideApproval();
-  };
-
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Send / cancel / close
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1103,50 +1746,66 @@
         }
         break;
       case "approve_request":
-        showApproval(ev.items);
-        // Surface each tool for context.  Dedupe by call_id: the console
-        // replays _pending_approval into every new SSE subscriber (the
-        // events SSE handler's coord-side replay), so without this check
-        // an SSE reconnect would render each tool row a second time.
-        (ev.items || []).forEach((it) => {
-          if (!it.needs_approval) return;
-          if (
-            it.call_id &&
-            document.querySelector(
-              '.msg[data-call-id="' + cssEscape(it.call_id) + '"]',
-            )
-          ) {
-            return; // already rendered in this pane — skip
-          }
-          appendToolCall(it);
-        });
+        // appendToolBatch is idempotent on call_ids — the console replays
+        // _pending_approval into every new SSE subscriber, so reconnect
+        // won't double-render the construct.
+        showApproval(ev.items, !!ev.judge_pending);
         break;
-      case "approval_resolved":
-        hideApproval();
+      case "approval_resolved": {
+        // Server-driven resolution.  Morph the active pending batch
+        // (the construct that posted the approve POST).  The server
+        // event carries `approved` + `feedback` only — the "always"
+        // intent.  Server now echoes ``always`` on the SSE payload
+        // (post-PR-447) so cross-tab resolution renders the right
+        // status pill on every subscribed tab — not just the one
+        // that clicked.  Fall back to this tab's stashed dataset
+        // flag for backward compat with a server hot-deploy where
+        // the SSE event might briefly omit the field.
+        // Fall back to a DOM lookup if activeBatch was never set
+        // (e.g. cross-tab resolution where this tab never rendered
+        // the approval gate before the resolved event landed).
+        const target =
+          activeBatch ||
+          messagesEl.querySelector(
+            ".coord-tool-batch.coord-tool-batch--pending",
+          );
+        if (target) {
+          const wasAlways =
+            ev.always === true ||
+            (ev.always === undefined && target.dataset.requestedAlways === "1");
+          _morphBatchResolved(target, {
+            approved: ev.approved !== false,
+            always: wasAlways,
+            feedback: ev.feedback || null,
+          });
+        }
         break;
+      }
       case "intent_verdict":
-        // Prefer rendering the verdict inside the approval dock — the
-        // judge always evaluates a specific call_id, and the verdict is
-        // decision context for that pending approval, not a chat
-        // message.  Cache the verdict so late-arriving approve_request
-        // events can also pick it up (see showApproval).
+        // Cache the verdict so a late-arriving approve_request (or a
+        // SSE replay reorder) still surfaces it.  _cacheJudgeVerdict
+        // soft-caps the Map to bound long-session memory growth.
+        // intent_verdict is the LLM judge's signal by definition, so
+        // tag the cache entry as tier="llm" — _refreshBatchTier reads
+        // this off the row dataset to escalate the header badge from
+        // ⚙ heuristic → ⚖ llm when the late verdict lands.
         if (ev.call_id) {
-          judgeVerdicts.set(ev.call_id, {
+          _cacheJudgeVerdict(ev.call_id, {
             recommendation: ev.recommendation,
             risk_level: ev.risk_level,
             confidence: ev.confidence,
             reasoning: ev.reasoning,
+            tier: ev.tier || "llm",
+            judge_model: ev.judge_model || "",
           });
-          const row = approvalTools.querySelector(
-            '.dcall[data-call-id="' + cssEscape(ev.call_id) + '"]',
-          );
-          if (row) {
-            applyJudgeVerdictToRow(row, judgeVerdicts.get(ev.call_id));
-            // Claim focus now that the reviewer has context to act on.
-            // Only for the first-pending call so batch approvals don't
-            // fight over focus as verdicts trickle in.
-            if (ev.call_id === pendingApprovalCallId && !approvalFocusClaimed) {
-              claimApprovalFocusForVerdict(judgeVerdicts.get(ev.call_id));
+          const entry = toolRows.get(ev.call_id);
+          if (entry) {
+            _appendVerdictLineTo(entry.row, judgeVerdicts.get(ev.call_id));
+            // Focus the construct's primary action once the verdict
+            // gives the reviewer context to act on — judge=deny defaults
+            // focus to Deny, otherwise Approve.
+            if (entry.batch.classList.contains("coord-tool-batch--pending")) {
+              _focusBatchPrimary(entry.batch, ev.recommendation);
             }
             break;
           }
@@ -1275,8 +1934,11 @@
       case "tool_info":
         // Renamed from ``tools_auto_approved`` when ``approve_tools``
         // unified onto SessionUIBase — the shared body emits ``tool_info``
-        // for both kinds, matching the interactive payload name.
-        (ev.items || []).forEach((it) => appendToolCall(it));
+        // for both kinds, matching the interactive payload name.  All
+        // items in a single ``tool_info`` envelope share a dispatch
+        // turn, so render them as one batch construct (parallel when
+        // ≥2, solo otherwise) rather than N separate bubbles.
+        appendToolBatch(ev.items || [], { auto: true });
         break;
       // Child-workstream fan-out routed through the coordinator's own
       // SSE stream.  CoordinatorManager filters the cluster event bus
@@ -2617,12 +3279,13 @@
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------
 
   async function init() {
+    let wsSnapshot = null;
     try {
-      const data = await getJSON(
+      wsSnapshot = await getJSON(
         "/v1/api/workstreams/" + encodeURIComponent(wsId),
       );
-      nameEl.textContent = data.name || "";
-      statusEl.textContent = data.state || "";
+      nameEl.textContent = wsSnapshot.name || "";
+      statusEl.textContent = wsSnapshot.state || "";
     } catch (e) {
       appendText("error", "Failed to load coordinator: " + e.message);
       return;
@@ -2638,21 +3301,81 @@
       // tool result rendered with the literal label "tool", which
       // looked like the tool calls had been replaced by raw JSON.
       const toolNameByCallId = new Map();
+
+      // Pre-scan every tool message's tool_call_id so the
+      // assistant.tool_calls branch below knows whether each call_id
+      // already has a result persisted.  An assistant tool_calls turn
+      // with NO matching tool result for some call_ids = orphan: the
+      // tool was dispatched but didn't complete before the reload
+      // captured this history snapshot.  Orphans are ambiguous — the
+      // tool could have been (a) awaiting approval at reload, (b)
+      // auto-approved + still in flight, or (c) approved + still in
+      // flight.  We render orphans as a neutral --running shell with
+      // no actions; SSE then upgrades to --pending when it replays
+      // approve_request (case a) or to --auto when it replays
+      // tool_info (case b), and tool_result events land in the rows
+      // for case c.  Without this neutral state, painting Approve
+      // buttons on a non-pending orphan was misleading and could
+      // 409-on-submit because the call_id wasn't in pending_items.
+      // Pre-scan classifies each tool message's content as
+      // "denied" (server emits "Denied by user[: feedback]" /
+      // "Blocked by tool policy ..." for any deny path), "error"
+      // (Error: prefix from the standard tool error envelope), or
+      // "ok" (anything else).  Map keys are call_ids; the assistant
+      // tool_calls render below reads these to mark the resulting
+      // batch as resolved-denied (vs the default resolved-approved)
+      // and the tool-result render below propagates the error flag
+      // to appendToolResult so the row gets the .error class /
+      // --error stripe / "✗ error:" lead.  Without this both denied
+      // and errored tools rendered as plain "✓ approved" successes
+      // on every reload.
+      const callOutcomes = new Map();
+      (hist.messages || []).forEach((m) => {
+        if ((m.role || "tool") !== "tool" || !m.tool_call_id) return;
+        // Tool message content is usually a string but the multipart
+        // shape (text + image_url parts) is technically allowed.
+        let txt = "";
+        if (typeof m.content === "string") {
+          txt = m.content;
+        } else if (Array.isArray(m.content)) {
+          for (const part of m.content) {
+            if (part && typeof part === "object" && part.type === "text") {
+              txt += String(part.text || "");
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // Server signals override prefix detection when present.
+        let outcome = "ok";
+        if (m.is_error) {
+          outcome = "error";
+        } else if (
+          txt.startsWith("Denied by user") ||
+          txt.startsWith("Blocked by tool policy")
+        ) {
+          outcome = "denied";
+        } else if (txt.startsWith("Error:")) {
+          outcome = "error";
+        }
+        callOutcomes.set(m.tool_call_id, outcome);
+      });
+
       (hist.messages || []).forEach((m) => {
         const role = m.role || "tool";
 
-        // Assistant tool calls — render each as a synthesized
-        // appendToolCall row with a header derived from the persisted
-        // tool name + arguments, mirroring what the live preparer
-        // would have shown when the call was first issued.  Without
-        // this branch the assistant row was empty (content="") and
-        // the operator saw only the raw tool result below it.
+        // Assistant tool_calls — synthesize one batch construct per
+        // assistant turn so a parallel fan-out (tool_calls.length ≥ 2)
+        // reads as one cohesive dispatch, matching how live SSE
+        // renders the same flow via approve_request / tool_info.
+        // Resolved when every call_id has a matching tool result;
+        // otherwise --running (see the resolvedCallIds rationale
+        // above).  SSE upgrades --running in place when it knows
+        // more.
         if (
           role === "assistant" &&
           Array.isArray(m.tool_calls) &&
           m.tool_calls.length
         ) {
-          m.tool_calls.forEach((tc) => {
+          const items = m.tool_calls.map((tc) => {
             const fn = (tc && tc.function) || {};
             const name = String(fn.name || "tool");
             const callId = String((tc && tc.id) || "");
@@ -2663,15 +3386,40 @@
             } catch (_) {
               /* malformed — fall back to raw string in preview */
             }
+            if (callId) toolNameByCallId.set(callId, name);
             const item = synthesizeHistoricalToolCall(
               name,
               callId,
               parsedArgs,
               argsRaw,
             );
-            if (callId) toolNameByCallId.set(callId, name);
-            appendToolCall(item);
+            // needs_approval is unknown at replay time (the
+            // assistant.tool_calls history payload doesn't persist
+            // the bit).  Leave it unset; the upgrade-in-place path
+            // refreshes per-row state via _refreshRowStatus from the
+            // authoritative SSE item when approve_request /
+            // tool_info actually arrives, so we never tag the wrong
+            // row as needing approval.
+            return item;
           });
+          // Classify the batch as a whole:
+          //   - any call_id without an outcome at all → orphan,
+          //     render as --running (SSE will upgrade in place)
+          //   - any call_id outcome === "denied" → resolved-denied
+          //   - else → resolved-approved (a runtime error doesn't
+          //     change the approval verdict; the per-row .error class
+          //     comes from the tool_result branch below)
+          const outcomes = items.map((it) =>
+            it.call_id ? callOutcomes.get(it.call_id) : "ok",
+          );
+          const allResolved = outcomes.every((o) => o !== undefined);
+          if (!allResolved) {
+            appendToolBatch(items, { running: true });
+          } else if (outcomes.some((o) => o === "denied")) {
+            appendToolBatch(items, { resolved: { approved: false } });
+          } else {
+            appendToolBatch(items, { resolved: { approved: true } });
+          }
         }
 
         // User messages with attachments arrive as multipart list
@@ -2721,11 +3469,18 @@
           // tool that returned ""); still render it so the call_id
           // pairing stays visible.  Resolve the tool name from the
           // matching assistant tool_call so the label reads e.g.
-          // "bash" instead of "tool".
+          // "bash" instead of "tool".  Pass isError when the
+          // pre-scan classified this call_id as an error so the row
+          // gets the .error class / --error stripe / "✗ error:" lead
+          // — without it a failed tool reads on reload as a normal
+          // successful result.  Denials still get the deny-resolved
+          // batch state (no per-row error needed there; the row's
+          // content reads "Denied by user").
           const callId = m.tool_call_id || "";
           const toolName =
             (callId && toolNameByCallId.get(callId)) || m.tool_name || "tool";
-          appendToolResult(toolName, callId, content || "", false);
+          const isError = callOutcomes.get(callId) === "error";
+          appendToolResult(toolName, callId, content || "", isError);
         } else if (role === "assistant") {
           // Empty content with tool_calls only means the assistant
           // turn was just tool dispatch — the synthesized tool-call
@@ -2758,6 +3513,24 @@
           appendText(role, content, { label: role });
         }
       });
+      // History alone can't tell whether an orphaned assistant
+      // tool_calls turn is awaiting approval or merely still running.
+      // The live workstream snapshot can: if pending_approval_detail is
+      // present, upgrade the matching batch immediately so a reload
+      // still exposes Approve/Deny even before SSE reconnects.
+      const pendingDetail =
+        wsSnapshot &&
+        wsSnapshot.pending_approval &&
+        wsSnapshot.pending_approval_detail &&
+        Array.isArray(wsSnapshot.pending_approval_detail.items)
+          ? wsSnapshot.pending_approval_detail
+          : null;
+      if (pendingDetail) {
+        appendToolBatch(pendingDetail.items, {
+          pending: true,
+          judgePending: !!pendingDetail.judge_pending,
+        });
+      }
     } catch (e) {
       console.warn("history load failed", e);
     }
diff --git a/turnstone/console/static/coordinator/index.html b/turnstone/console/static/coordinator/index.html
index 471e0cd2..ae4988e8 100644
--- a/turnstone/console/static/coordinator/index.html
+++ b/turnstone/console/static/coordinator/index.html
@@ -14,14 +14,15 @@
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style.css">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/coordinator/coordinator.css">
 <style>
-  /* Coordinator-specific layout glue.  Messages, header, approval dock,
-     and sidebar chrome live in shared_static/{chat,ui-base}.css and
-     console/static/style.css; what remains here is the page-level flex
-     wiring (chat pane + right sidebar), tree-view row metadata (indent,
-     state dots, child highlight), and the <700px responsive accordion.
-     Rules that target .msg / .appbar / .sidebar / .approval-dock are
-     intentionally absent — those primitives ship from the shared sheets
-     and we don't restyle them here. */
+  /* Coordinator-specific layout glue.  Messages, header, and sidebar
+     chrome live in shared_static/{chat,ui-base}.css and
+     console/static/style.css; the inline tool-batch construct lives
+     in coordinator.css.  What remains here is the page-level flex
+     wiring (chat pane + right sidebar), tree-view row metadata
+     (indent, state dots, child highlight), and the <700px responsive
+     accordion.  Rules that target .msg / .appbar / .sidebar are
+     intentionally absent — those primitives ship from the shared
+     sheets and we don't restyle them here. */
   body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100vh; margin: 0; }
 
   /* Main layout — chat pane (2fr) + sidebar (1fr) with shared
@@ -219,10 +220,10 @@
     color: var(--ink-3);
   }
   /* Recommendation chip inside the disclosure footer — same 12/38/70%
-     colour-mix scheme as the dock chips at `#coord-approval-bar
-     .dctx code.rec-*`, scoped to the row's disclosure so the inline
-     chip is actually styled (the dock-scoped rules don't reach this
-     surface). */
+     colour-mix scheme as the inline tool-batch verdict chips
+     (.coord-tool-row-verdict code.rec-*), scoped here to the row's
+     disclosure since this children-tree surface uses its own
+     .approval-disclosure container. */
   .ch-row .approval-disclosure code.rec-approve,
   .ch-row .approval-disclosure code.rec-review,
   .ch-row .approval-disclosure code.rec-deny {
@@ -311,13 +312,13 @@
     justify-content: flex-end;
     margin-top: 2px;
   }
-  /* Inline .act buttons — duplicates the colour/border treatment from
-     shared_static/design/patterns/approval-dock.css :162-225 because
-     the dock rules are scoped to `.approval-dock button.act` and the
-     children-tree row isn't inside a dock. Compact sizing applied
-     via .sm. Keeping the duplication local-scoped means a future
-     hoist of the dock rules to a global `.act` primitive could
-     drop these without affecting the dock surface. */
+  /* Inline .act buttons for the children-tree approval block —
+     compact (.sm) variant of the colour/border treatment used by the
+     coord chat's tool-batch action row (coordinator.css
+     .coord-tool-actions button.act).  Duplicated locally because the
+     children-tree row sits in the right-rail sidebar with its own
+     parent class; if we ever lift `.act` to a shared primitive these
+     local overrides can drop. */
   .ch-row .approval-actions .act {
     padding: 3px 10px;
     font: inherit;
@@ -436,95 +437,11 @@
     .ch-row.highlight { transition: none; }
   }
 
-  /* Override the .approval-dock pattern's viewport-pinned positioning.
-     The pattern defaults to position: fixed bottom:22px (designed for
-     the fleet dashboard overlay case); in the coordinator chat we need
-     it inline above the composer so it doesn't cover the input area.
-     Dock sits as the second flex child inside #coord-main between
-     messages and composer, with a hair top border as the
-     separator. */
-  #coord-approval-bar.approval-dock {
-    position: static;
-    bottom: auto;
-    left: auto;
-    right: auto;
-    z-index: auto;
-    box-shadow: none;
-    flex: 0 0 auto;
-  }
-  /* Keep the warm top-stripe cue; just make it hug the top edge of the
-     in-flow dock instead of the top of a fixed viewport bar. */
-  #coord-approval-bar.approval-dock::before {
-    top: -1px;
-  }
-  /* Hide the dock when no approval is pending.  [hidden] toggle; the
-     approval-dock pattern defines display: flex so we need the
-     !important override to win specificity. */
-  .approval-dock[hidden] { display: none !important; }
-
-  /* Judge verdict chips — colour-code by recommendation so the
-     reviewer can triage at a glance without reading the chip text.
-     approve=ok, review=warn, deny=err.  Uses the same 12/38/70% mix
-     scheme as the primitive k-badge tokens. */
-  #coord-approval-bar .dctx code.rec-approve {
-    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 70%, var(--ink-2));
-    border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 38%, var(--hair));
-    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 12%, var(--panel-2));
-  }
-  #coord-approval-bar .dctx code.rec-review {
-    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--warn) 70%, var(--ink-2));
-    border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--warn) 38%, var(--hair));
-    background: var(--warn-tint);
-  }
-  #coord-approval-bar .dctx code.rec-deny {
-    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--err) 70%, var(--ink-2));
-    border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--err) 38%, var(--hair));
-    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--err) 12%, var(--panel-2));
-  }
-
-  /* Local @keyframes ts-spin — primitives/feed.css owns the canonical
-     definition but this page doesn't link feed.css (no .feed-item
-     usage).  Defined here so the .judging .spin chip below animates. */
+  /* @keyframes ts-spin — drives the .coord-tool-row-verdict
+     code.judging spinner.  Defined here because this page doesn't
+     link feed.css (no .feed-item usage). */
   @keyframes ts-spin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }
 
-  /* "judge evaluating…" spinner chip — shown while a .dcall is
-     pending a verdict. */
-  #coord-approval-bar .dctx code.judging {
-    display: inline-flex;
-    align-items: center;
-    gap: 5px;
-    color: var(--ink-3);
-  }
-  #coord-approval-bar .dctx code.judging .spin {
-    width: 8px;
-    height: 8px;
-    border-radius: 50%;
-    border: 1.5px solid var(--accent);
-    border-top-color: transparent;
-    animation: ts-spin 0.9s linear infinite;
-  }
-  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
-    #coord-approval-bar .dctx code.judging .spin {
-      animation: none;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Judge rationale — the judge's reasoning text, rendered below the
-     dctx chips as a block quote.  Full text wraps; no truncation —
-     justification is the whole point of showing this. */
-  #coord-approval-bar .drationale {
-    margin-top: 4px;
-    padding: 6px 10px;
-    font-family: var(--font-mono);
-    font-size: 11px;
-    line-height: 1.5;
-    color: var(--ink-3);
-    background: var(--panel-2);
-    border-left: 2px solid var(--hair);
-    border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;
-    white-space: pre-wrap;
-  }
-
   /* Sidebar mobile toggle (desktop hides; mobile shows via media query
      below). */
   #coord-sidebar-toggle {
@@ -597,36 +514,18 @@
          don't re-announce partial content on every token. -->
     <div id="coord-messages" role="log" aria-live="polite"></div>
 
-    <!-- Approval dock — overridden to inline positioning (see the
-         position: static override in the style block above).  Sits
-         between the message log and the composer so it doesn't occlude
-         the user input. role="region" (not alertdialog) because we do
-         not trap focus; buttons are reachable in normal tab order.
-         aria-live="assertive" preserves announce-on-queue behaviour. -->
-    <aside id="coord-approval-bar"
-           class="approval-dock"
-           role="region"
-           aria-label="Approval required"
-           aria-live="assertive"
-           hidden>
-      <div id="coord-approval-label" class="dhead">
-        Approval required
-        <span id="coord-approval-count" class="dcount"></span>
-      </div>
-      <div id="coord-approval-tools"></div>
-      <div class="drow">
-        <div class="spacer"></div>
-        <button id="coord-deny-btn" class="act danger" type="button" onclick="coordApprove(false, false)">
-          Deny<span class="kbd">D</span>
-        </button>
-        <button id="coord-approve-always-btn" class="act always" type="button" onclick="coordApprove(true, true)">
-          Always<span class="kbd">⇧A</span>
-        </button>
-        <button id="coord-approve-btn" class="act primary" type="button" onclick="coordApprove(true, false)">
-          Approve<span class="kbd">⏎</span>
-        </button>
-      </div>
-    </aside>
+    <!-- Off-screen assertive live region for action-required SR
+         announcements ("Approval required: spawn_workstream + 9
+         more"). Pending tool-batches go into the polite #coord-messages
+         log, which gets flipped to aria-live="off" during token
+         streaming, so without this dedicated assertive region a
+         screen reader could miss the gate landing.  Visually hidden
+         via inline style; no layout impact. -->
+    <div id="coord-sr-announcer"
+         role="status"
+         aria-live="assertive"
+         aria-atomic="true"
+         style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden"></div>
 
     <!-- Per-coordinator status bar — pinned above the composer.
          Mirrors the interactive pane's `.ws-status-bar`: model alias,
diff --git a/turnstone/core/session_routes.py b/turnstone/core/session_routes.py
index 9bc29cfa..682a3916 100644
--- a/turnstone/core/session_routes.py
+++ b/turnstone/core/session_routes.py
@@ -786,7 +786,12 @@ def make_approve_handler(cfg: SessionEndpointConfig) -> Handler:
                 if source_map is not None:
                     for t in tool_names:
                         source_map[t] = AutoApproveReason.ALWAYS
-        ui.resolve_approval(approved, feedback)
+        # Forward ``always`` so the resulting ``approval_resolved`` SSE
+        # event carries the intent — peer tabs that didn't click but
+        # are subscribed to the same workstream can render the right
+        # status pill ("✓ approved · always" vs plain "✓ approved")
+        # without needing a side-channel broadcast.
+        ui.resolve_approval(approved, feedback, always=always)
         return JSONResponse({"status": "ok"})
 
     return approve
@@ -2173,6 +2178,21 @@ def make_history_handler(cfg: SessionEndpointConfig) -> Handler:
         if not ws_id:
             return JSONResponse({"error": "ws_id is required"}, status_code=400)
 
+        # Cross-tenant gate.  Pre-PR-447 the response carried only
+        # message rows that an owning user wrote and that owning
+        # user's tools produced — sensitive but bounded to the same
+        # ``user_id`` as the workstream.  Even so, every other lifted
+        # session verb (send / approve / close / cancel / events /
+        # attachments) calls ``cfg.tenant_check`` and history was the
+        # outlier.  Coord wires ``tenant_check=None`` (the
+        # cluster-wide ``admin.coordinator`` permission_gate covers
+        # it); interactive wires ``_interactive_tenant_check`` and
+        # this call now restores parity with the rest of the surface.
+        if cfg.tenant_check is not None:
+            err_tenant = cfg.tenant_check(request, ws_id, mgr)
+            if err_tenant is not None:
+                return err_tenant
+
         # Existence + kind check. The workstream may live only in
         # storage (closed coordinators are still readable via /history
         # without rehydrating; persisted-but-not-loaded interactives
@@ -2262,6 +2282,21 @@ def make_detail_handler(cfg: SessionEndpointConfig) -> Handler:
         if not ws_id:
             return JSONResponse({"error": "ws_id is required"}, status_code=400)
 
+        # Cross-tenant gate.  PR 447 added ``pending_approval_detail``
+        # to the response (tool previews, function arguments, LLM
+        # judge reasoning) — a richer payload than the pre-PR
+        # ``{ws_id, name, state, user_id, kind}`` tuple.  Coord wires
+        # ``tenant_check=None`` (the cluster-wide ``admin.coordinator``
+        # permission_gate covers it); interactive wires
+        # ``_interactive_tenant_check`` so any authenticated user that
+        # GETs another user's ``ws_id`` 404s here instead of reading
+        # the in-flight tool-call payload.  Brings detail in line with
+        # every other lifted session verb.
+        if cfg.tenant_check is not None:
+            err_tenant = cfg.tenant_check(request, ws_id, mgr)
+            if err_tenant is not None:
+                return err_tenant
+
         ws = mgr.get(ws_id)
         if ws is None:
             try:
@@ -2303,6 +2338,42 @@ def make_detail_handler(cfg: SessionEndpointConfig) -> Handler:
                 # mismatch, and tombstoned rows — all surface as 404.
                 return JSONResponse({"error": cfg.not_found_label}, status_code=404)
 
+        # Pending-approval snapshot — lets a freshly-loaded chat tab
+        # paint the inline approval gate from this single response
+        # instead of waiting for the SSE approve_request replay (which
+        # introduces a brief --running flash on reload).  Both keys
+        # (``pending_approval`` + ``pending_approval_detail``) are
+        # always present in the response: a UI that doesn't expose
+        # ``serialize_pending_approval_detail`` (CLI / channel
+        # adapters) reports ``False`` / ``null`` for them.  The
+        # ``_pending_approval`` lookup is asserted as ``dict`` (its
+        # only real production shape — see
+        # ``SessionUIBase._pending_approval``) so a MagicMock-based
+        # unit test or other non-dict sentinel doesn't trip the path.
+        pending_approval = False
+        pending_approval_detail: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+        ui = ws.ui
+        pending_raw = getattr(ui, "_pending_approval", None) if ui is not None else None
+        if isinstance(pending_raw, dict):
+            pending_approval = True
+            serializer = getattr(ui, "serialize_pending_approval_detail", None)
+            if callable(serializer):
+                try:
+                    serialized = serializer()
+                    if isinstance(serialized, dict) or serialized is None:
+                        pending_approval_detail = serialized
+                except Exception:
+                    # Defensive: a malformed verdict object inside the
+                    # serializer shouldn't fail the entire detail
+                    # response.  The boolean still informs the UI that
+                    # an approval is pending; SSE replay carries the
+                    # full payload.
+                    log.warning(
+                        "ws.detail.pending_serialize_failed ws_id=%s",
+                        ws_id[:8] if ws_id else "",
+                        exc_info=True,
+                    )
+
         return JSONResponse(
             {
                 "ws_id": ws.id,
@@ -2310,6 +2381,8 @@ def make_detail_handler(cfg: SessionEndpointConfig) -> Handler:
                 "state": ws.state.value,
                 "user_id": ws.user_id,
                 "kind": ws.kind,
+                "pending_approval": pending_approval,
+                "pending_approval_detail": pending_approval_detail,
             }
         )
 
diff --git a/turnstone/core/session_ui_base.py b/turnstone/core/session_ui_base.py
index 930246f4..f0e5f0af 100644
--- a/turnstone/core/session_ui_base.py
+++ b/turnstone/core/session_ui_base.py
@@ -286,7 +286,13 @@ class SessionUIBase:
             self._last_verdict_decision = ""
             self._llm_verdicts.clear()
 
-    def resolve_approval(self, approved: bool, feedback: str | None = None) -> None:
+    def resolve_approval(
+        self,
+        approved: bool,
+        feedback: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        always: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
         """Unblock a pending approval with the caller's decision.
 
         Broadcasts ``approval_resolved`` so every connected tab can
@@ -294,6 +300,14 @@ class SessionUIBase:
         phone approves). Updates ``user_decision`` on every LLM
         intent-verdict that fired during this approval round — the
         audit trail reflects what the user actually chose.
+
+        ``always`` reports whether the resolving caller asked for
+        "Approve + Always" (the tool name has been added to
+        ``auto_approve_tools`` upstream by the HTTP handler — this
+        method only echoes the intent on the SSE event so peer tabs
+        can label their resolved-status pill correctly).  Keyword-only
+        + default ``False`` so the four pre-existing callers (cancel,
+        timeout, channel adapters) compile unchanged.
         """
         decision_str = "approved" if approved else "denied"
         # Swap-and-clear + set decision under lock to avoid racing
@@ -310,6 +324,7 @@ class SessionUIBase:
                 "type": "approval_resolved",
                 "approved": approved,
                 "feedback": feedback or "",
+                "always": bool(always),
             }
         )
         self._approval_event.set()