releases/cmd/eval.go

// Copyright 2018 The OPA Authors.  All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by an Apache2
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package cmd

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/cmd/formats"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/cmd/internal/env"
	fileurl "github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/internal/file/url"
	pr "github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/internal/presentation"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/internal/runtime"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/v1/ast"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/v1/ast/location"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/v1/bundle"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/v1/compile"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/v1/cover"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/v1/loader"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/v1/metrics"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/v1/profiler"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/v1/rego"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/v1/topdown"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/v1/topdown/lineage"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/v1/util"
)

var errIllegalUnknownsArg = errors.New("illegal argument with --unknowns, specify string with one or more --unknowns")

type evalCommandParams struct {
	capabilities              *capabilitiesFlag
	coverage                  bool
	partial                   bool
	unknowns                  []string
	disableInlining           []string
	nondeterministicBuiltions bool
	shallowInlining           bool
	disableIndexing           bool
	disableEarlyExit          bool
	strictBuiltinErrors       bool
	showBuiltinErrors         bool
	dataPaths                 repeatedStringFlag
	inputPath                 string
	imports                   repeatedStringFlag
	pkg                       string
	stdin                     bool
	stdinInput                bool
	explain                   *util.EnumFlag
	metrics                   bool
	instrument                bool
	ignore                    []string
	outputFormat              *util.EnumFlag
	profile                   bool
	profileCriteria           repeatedStringFlag
	profileLimit              intFlag
	count                     int
	prettyLimit               intFlag
	fail                      bool
	failDefined               bool
	bundlePaths               repeatedStringFlag
	schema                    *schemaFlags
	target                    *util.EnumFlag
	timeout                   time.Duration
	optimizationLevel         int
	entrypoints               repeatedStringFlag
	strict                    bool
	v0Compatible              bool
	v1Compatible              bool
	traceVarValues            bool
	ReadAstValuesFromStore    bool
}

func (p *evalCommandParams) regoVersion() ast.RegoVersion {
	if p.v0Compatible {
		return ast.RegoV0
	} else if p.v1Compatible {
		return ast.RegoV1
	}
	return ast.DefaultRegoVersion
}

func newEvalCommandParams() evalCommandParams {
	return evalCommandParams{
		capabilities: newCapabilitiesFlag(),
		outputFormat: formats.Flag(
			formats.JSON,
			formats.Values,
			formats.Bindings,
			formats.Pretty,
			formats.Source,
			formats.Raw,
			formats.Discard,
		),
		explain:         newExplainFlag([]string{explainModeOff, explainModeFull, explainModeNotes, explainModeFails, explainModeDebug}),
		target:          util.NewEnumFlag(compile.TargetRego, []string{compile.TargetRego, compile.TargetWasm}),
		count:           1,
		profileCriteria: newrepeatedStringFlag([]string{}),
		profileLimit:    newIntFlag(defaultProfileLimit),
		prettyLimit:     newIntFlag(defaultPrettyLimit),
		schema:          &schemaFlags{},
	}
}

func validateEvalParams(p *evalCommandParams, cmdArgs []string) error {
	if len(cmdArgs) > 0 && p.stdin {
		return errors.New("specify query argument or --stdin but not both")
	} else if len(cmdArgs) == 0 && !p.stdin {
		return errors.New("specify query argument or --stdin")
	} else if len(cmdArgs) > 1 {
		return errors.New("specify at most one query argument")
	}
	if p.stdin && p.stdinInput {
		return errors.New("specify --stdin or --stdin-input but not both")
	}
	if p.stdinInput && p.inputPath != "" {
		return errors.New("specify --stdin-input or --input but not both")
	}
	if p.fail && p.failDefined {
		return errors.New("specify --fail or --fail-defined but not both")
	}
	of := p.outputFormat.String()
	if p.partial && of != formats.Pretty && of != formats.JSON && of != formats.Source {
		return errors.New("invalid output format for partial evaluation")
	} else if !p.partial && of == formats.Source {
		return errors.New("invalid output format for evaluation")
	}

	// check if illegal arguments is passed with unknowns flag
	for _, unknwn := range p.unknowns {
		if unknwn == "input" {
			continue
		}
		term, err := ast.ParseTerm(unknwn)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		switch term.Value.(type) {
		case ast.Ref:
			return nil
		default:
			return errIllegalUnknownsArg
		}
	}

	if p.optimizationLevel > 0 {
		if len(p.dataPaths.v) > 0 && p.bundlePaths.isFlagSet() {
			return errors.New("specify either --data or --bundle flag with optimization level greater than 0")
		}
	}

	if p.profileLimit.isFlagSet() || p.profileCriteria.isFlagSet() {
		p.profile = true
	}
	if p.profile {
		p.metrics = true
	}
	if p.instrument {
		p.metrics = true
	}
	return nil
}

const (
	// number of profile results to return by default
	defaultProfileLimit = 10
	defaultPrettyLimit  = 80
)

type regoError struct {
	wrapped error
}

func (regoError) Error() string {
	return "rego"
}

func (r regoError) Unwrap() error {
	return r.wrapped
}

func initEval(root *cobra.Command, _ string) {
	executable := root.Name()

	params := newEvalCommandParams()

	evalCommand := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "eval <query>",
		Short: "Evaluate a Rego query",
		Long:  `Evaluate a Rego query and print the result.`,
		Example: `

To evaluate a simple query:

    $ ` + executable + ` eval 'x := 1; y := 2; x < y'

To evaluate a query against JSON data:

    $ ` + executable + ` eval --data data.json 'name := data.names[_]'

To evaluate a query against JSON data supplied with a file:// URL:

    $ ` + executable + ` eval --data file:///path/to/file.json 'data'


File & Bundle Loading
---------------------

The --bundle flag will load data files and Rego files contained
in the bundle specified by the path. It can be either a
compressed tar archive bundle file or a directory tree.

    $ ` + executable + ` eval --bundle /some/path 'data'

Where /some/path contains:

    foo/
      |
      +-- bar/
      |     |
      |     +-- data.json
      |
      +-- baz.rego
      |
      +-- manifest.yaml

The JSON file 'foo/bar/data.json' would be loaded and rooted under
'data.foo.bar' and the 'foo/baz.rego' would be loaded and rooted under the
package path contained inside the file. Only data files named data.json or
data.yaml will be loaded. In the example above the manifest.yaml would be
ignored.

See https://www.openpolicyagent.org/docs/latest/management-bundles/ for more details
on bundle directory structures.

The --data flag can be used to recursively load ALL *.rego, *.json, and
*.yaml files under the specified directory.

The -O flag controls the optimization level. By default, optimization is disabled (-O=0).
When optimization is enabled the 'eval' command generates a bundle from the files provided
with either the --bundle or --data flag. This bundle is semantically equivalent to the input
files however the structure of the files in the bundle may have been changed by rewriting, inlining,
pruning, etc. This resulting optimized bundle is used to evaluate the query. If optimization is
enabled at least one entrypoint must be supplied, either via the -e option, or via entrypoint
metadata annotations.

Output Formats
--------------

Set the output format with the --format flag.

    --format=json      : output raw query results as JSON
    --format=values    : output line separated JSON arrays containing expression values
    --format=bindings  : output line separated JSON objects containing variable bindings
    --format=pretty    : output query results in a human-readable format
    --format=source    : output partial evaluation results in a source format
    --format=raw       : output the values from query results in a scripting friendly format
    --format=discard   : output the result field as "discarded" when non-nil

Schema
------

The -s/--schema flag provides one or more JSON Schemas used to validate references to the input or data documents.
Loads a single JSON file, applying it to the input document; or all the schema files under the specified directory.

    $ ` + executable + ` eval --data policy.rego --input input.json --schema schema.json
    $ ` + executable + ` eval --data policy.rego --input input.json --schema schemas/

Capabilities
------------

When passing a capabilities definition file via --capabilities, one can restrict which
hosts remote schema definitions can be retrieved from. For example, a capabilities.json
containing

    {
        "builtins": [ ... ],
        "allow_net": [ "kubernetesjsonschema.dev" ]
    }

would disallow fetching remote schemas from any host but "kubernetesjsonschema.dev".
Setting allow_net to an empty array would prohibit fetching any remote schemas.

Not providing a capabilities file, or providing a file without an allow_net key, will
permit fetching remote schemas from any host.

Note that the metaschemas http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema, http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema,
and http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema, are always available, even without network
access.
`,

		PreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
			if err := validateEvalParams(&params, args); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			return env.CmdFlags.CheckEnvironmentVariables(cmd)
		},
		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
			cmd.SilenceErrors = true
			cmd.SilenceUsage = true

			defined, err := eval(args, params, os.Stdout, os.Stderr)
			if err != nil {
				if _, ok := err.(regoError); !ok {
					fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
				}
				return newExitErrorWrap(2, err)
			}

			if (params.fail && !defined) || (params.failDefined && defined) {
				return newExitError(1)
			}
			return nil
		},
	}

	// Eval specific flags
	evalCommand.Flags().BoolVarP(&params.coverage, "coverage", "", false, "report coverage")
	evalCommand.Flags().StringArrayVarP(&params.disableInlining, "disable-inlining", "", []string{}, "set paths of documents to exclude from inlining")
	evalCommand.Flags().BoolVarP(&params.shallowInlining, "shallow-inlining", "", false, "disable inlining of rules that depend on unknowns")
	evalCommand.Flags().BoolVarP(&params.nondeterministicBuiltions, "nondeterminstic-builtins", "", false, "evaluate nondeterministic builtins (if all arguments are known) during partial eval")
	evalCommand.Flags().BoolVar(&params.disableIndexing, "disable-indexing", false, "disable indexing optimizations")
	evalCommand.Flags().BoolVar(&params.disableEarlyExit, "disable-early-exit", false, "disable 'early exit' optimizations")
	evalCommand.Flags().BoolVarP(&params.strictBuiltinErrors, "strict-builtin-errors", "", false, "treat the first built-in function error encountered as fatal")
	evalCommand.Flags().BoolVarP(&params.showBuiltinErrors, "show-builtin-errors", "", false, "collect and return all encountered built-in errors, built in errors are not fatal")
	evalCommand.Flags().BoolVarP(&params.instrument, "instrument", "", false, "enable query instrumentation metrics (implies --metrics)")
	evalCommand.Flags().BoolVarP(&params.profile, "profile", "", false, "perform expression profiling")
	evalCommand.Flags().VarP(&params.profileCriteria, "profile-sort", "", "set sort order of expression profiler results. Accepts: total_time_ns, num_eval, num_redo, num_gen_expr, file, line. This flag can be repeated.")
	evalCommand.Flags().VarP(&params.profileLimit, "profile-limit", "", "set number of profiling results to show")
	evalCommand.Flags().VarP(&params.prettyLimit, "pretty-limit", "", "set limit after which pretty output gets truncated")
	evalCommand.Flags().BoolVarP(&params.failDefined, "fail-defined", "", false, "exits with non-zero exit code on defined/non-empty result and errors")
	evalCommand.Flags().DurationVar(&params.timeout, "timeout", 0, "set eval timeout (default unlimited)")
	evalCommand.Flags().IntVarP(&params.optimizationLevel, "optimize", "O", 0, "set optimization level")
	evalCommand.Flags().VarP(&params.entrypoints, "entrypoint", "e", "set slash separated entrypoint path")
	evalCommand.Flags().BoolVar(&params.traceVarValues, "var-values", false, "show local variable values in pretty trace output")

	// Shared flags
	addCapabilitiesFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), params.capabilities)
	addPartialFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.partial, false)
	addUnknownsFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.unknowns, []string{"input"})
	addFailFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.fail, false)
	addDataFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.dataPaths)
	addBundleFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.bundlePaths)
	addInputFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.inputPath)
	addImportFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.imports)
	addPackageFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.pkg)
	addQueryStdinFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.stdin)
	addInputStdinFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.stdinInput)
	addMetricsFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.metrics, false)
	addOutputFormat(evalCommand.Flags(), params.outputFormat)
	addIgnoreFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.ignore)
	setExplainFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), params.explain)
	addSchemaFlags(evalCommand.Flags(), params.schema)
	addTargetFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), params.target)
	addCountFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.count, "benchmark")
	addStrictFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.strict, false)
	addV0CompatibleFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.v0Compatible, false)
	addV1CompatibleFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.v1Compatible, false)
	addReadAstValuesFromStoreFlag(evalCommand.Flags(), &params.ReadAstValuesFromStore, false)

	root.AddCommand(evalCommand)
}

func eval(args []string, params evalCommandParams, w io.Writer, stderr io.Writer) (bool, error) {
	ctx := context.Background()
	if params.timeout != 0 {
		var cancel func()
		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, params.timeout)
		defer cancel()
	}

	ectx, err := setupEval(args, params)
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}

	ectx.regoArgs = append(ectx.regoArgs,
		rego.EnablePrintStatements(true),
		rego.PrintHook(topdown.NewPrintHook(os.Stderr)))

	results := make([]pr.Output, ectx.params.count)
	profiles := make([][]profiler.ExprStats, ectx.params.count)
	timers := make([]map[string]any, ectx.params.count)

	for i := range ectx.params.count {
		results[i] = evalOnce(ctx, ectx)
		profiles[i] = results[i].Profile
		if ts, ok := results[i].Metrics.(metrics.TimerMetrics); ok {
			timers[i] = ts.Timers()
		}
	}

	result := results[0]

	if ectx.params.count > 1 {
		result.Profile = nil
		result.Metrics = nil
		result.AggregatedProfile = profiler.AggregateProfiles(profiles...)
		timersAggregated := map[string]any{}
		for name := range timers[0] {
			var vals []int64
			for _, t := range timers {
				val, ok := t[name].(int64)
				if !ok {
					return false, fmt.Errorf("missing timer for %s", name)
				}
				vals = append(vals, val)
			}
			timersAggregated[name] = metrics.Statistics(vals...)
		}
		result.AggregatedMetrics = timersAggregated
	}

	var builtInErrorCount int
	if ectx.params.showBuiltinErrors {
		builtInErrorCount = len(*(ectx.builtInErrorList))
	}

	switch ectx.params.outputFormat.String() {
	case formats.Bindings:
		err = pr.Bindings(w, stderr, result)
	case formats.Values:
		err = pr.Values(w, stderr, result)
	case formats.Pretty:
		err = pr.PrettyWithOptions(w, stderr, result, pr.PrettyOptions{
			TraceOpts: topdown.PrettyTraceOptions{
				Locations:     true,
				ExprVariables: ectx.params.traceVarValues,
			},
		})
	case formats.Source:
		err = pr.Source(w, stderr, result)
	case formats.Raw:
		err = pr.Raw(w, stderr, result)
	case formats.Discard:
		err = pr.Discard(w, result)
	default:
		err = pr.JSON(w, result)
	}

	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	} else if errorCount := len(result.Errors); errorCount > 0 && errorCount != builtInErrorCount {
		// if we only have built-in errors, we don't want to return an error. If
		// strict-builtin-errors is set the first built-in error will be returned
		// in a result error instead.

		// If the rego package returned an error, return a special error here so
		// that the command doesn't print the same error twice. The error will
		// have been printed above by the presentation package.
		return false, regoError{wrapped: result.Errors}
	} else if len(result.Result) == 0 {
		return false, nil
	}

	return true, nil
}

func evalOnce(ctx context.Context, ectx *evalContext) pr.Output {
	var result pr.Output
	var resultErr error
	var parsedModules map[string]*ast.Module

	if ectx.metrics != nil {
		ectx.metrics.Clear()
	}
	if ectx.profiler != nil {
		ectx.profiler.reset()
	}
	r := rego.New(append(ectx.regoArgs, rego.CompilerHook(func(c *ast.Compiler) {
		ctx = ast.WithCompiler(ctx, c)
	}))...)

	if !ectx.params.partial {
		var pq rego.PreparedEvalQuery
		pq, resultErr = r.PrepareForEval(ctx)
		if resultErr == nil {
			parsedModules = pq.Modules()
			result.Result, resultErr = pq.Eval(ctx, ectx.evalArgs...)
		}
	} else {
		var pq rego.PreparedPartialQuery
		pq, resultErr = r.PrepareForPartial(ctx)
		if resultErr == nil {
			parsedModules = pq.Modules()
			result.Partial, resultErr = pq.Partial(ctx, ectx.evalArgs...)
			resetExprLocations(result.Partial)
		}
	}

	result.Errors = pr.NewOutputErrors(resultErr)
	if ectx.builtInErrorList != nil {
		for _, err := range *(ectx.builtInErrorList) {
			result.Errors = append(result.Errors, pr.NewOutputErrors(&err)...)
		}
	}

	if ectx.params.explain != nil {
		switch ectx.params.explain.String() {
		case explainModeDebug:
			result.Explanation = lineage.Debug(*(ectx.tracer))
		case explainModeFull:
			result.Explanation = lineage.Full(*(ectx.tracer))
		case explainModeNotes:
			result.Explanation = lineage.Notes(*(ectx.tracer))
		case explainModeFails:
			result.Explanation = lineage.Fails(*(ectx.tracer))
		}
	}

	if ectx.metrics != nil {
		result.Metrics = ectx.metrics
	}

	if ectx.params.profile {
		sortOrder := pr.DefaultProfileSortOrder

		if len(ectx.params.profileCriteria.v) != 0 {
			sortOrder = getProfileSortOrder(strings.Split(ectx.params.profileCriteria.String(), ","))
		}

		result.Profile = ectx.profiler.p.ReportTopNResults(ectx.params.profileLimit.v, sortOrder)
	}

	if ectx.params.coverage {
		report := ectx.cover.Report(parsedModules)
		result.Coverage = &report
	}

	return result
}

type evalContext struct {
	params           evalCommandParams
	metrics          metrics.Metrics
	profiler         *resettableProfiler
	cover            *cover.Cover
	tracer           *topdown.BufferTracer
	regoArgs         []func(*rego.Rego)
	evalArgs         []rego.EvalOption
	builtInErrorList *[]topdown.Error
}

func setupEval(args []string, params evalCommandParams) (*evalContext, error) {
	var query string

	if params.stdin {
		bs, err := io.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		query = string(bs)
	} else {
		query = args[0]
	}

	info, err := runtime.Term(runtime.Params{})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	regoArgs := []func(*rego.Rego){
		rego.Query(query),
		rego.Runtime(info),
		rego.SetRegoVersion(params.regoVersion()),
		rego.StoreReadAST(params.ReadAstValuesFromStore),
		rego.SkipBundleVerification(true),
	}

	evalArgs := []rego.EvalOption{
		rego.EvalRuleIndexing(!params.disableIndexing),
		rego.EvalEarlyExit(!params.disableEarlyExit),
		rego.EvalNondeterministicBuiltins(params.nondeterministicBuiltions),
	}

	if len(params.imports.v) > 0 {
		regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.Imports(params.imports.v))
	}

	if params.pkg != "" {
		regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.Package(params.pkg))
	}

	if len(params.dataPaths.v) > 0 {
		if params.optimizationLevel <= 0 {
			regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.Load(params.dataPaths.v, ignored(params.ignore).Apply))
		} else {
			b, err := generateOptimizedBundle(params, false, ignored(params.ignore).Apply, params.dataPaths.v)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}

			regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.ParsedBundle("optimized", b))
		}
	}

	if params.bundlePaths.isFlagSet() {
		if params.optimizationLevel <= 0 {
			for _, bundleDir := range params.bundlePaths.v {
				regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.LoadBundle(bundleDir))
			}
		} else {
			b, err := generateOptimizedBundle(params, true, buildCommandLoaderFilter(true, params.ignore), params.bundlePaths.v)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}

			regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.ParsedBundle("optimized", b))
		}
	}

	if params.target.IsSet() {
		regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.Target(params.target.String()))
	}

	inputBytes, err := readInputBytes(params)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if inputBytes != nil {
		var input any
		if err := util.Unmarshal(inputBytes, &input); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse input: %s", err.Error())
		}
		inputValue, err := ast.InterfaceToValue(input)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to process input: %s", err.Error())
		}
		regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.ParsedInput(inputValue))
	}

	//	-s {file} (one input schema file)
	//	-s {directory} (one schema directory with input and data schema files)
	schemaSet, err := loader.Schemas(params.schema.path)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.Schemas(schemaSet))

	var tracer *topdown.BufferTracer

	if params.explain != nil && params.explain.String() != explainModeOff {
		tracer = topdown.NewBufferTracer()
		evalArgs = append(evalArgs, rego.EvalQueryTracer(tracer))

		if params.target.String() == compile.TargetWasm {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "warning: explain mode \"%v\" is not supported with wasm target\n", params.explain.String())
		}
	}

	var m metrics.Metrics
	if params.metrics {
		m = metrics.New()

		// Use the same metrics for preparing and evaluating
		regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.Metrics(m))
		evalArgs = append(evalArgs, rego.EvalMetrics(m))
	}

	if params.instrument {
		regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.Instrument(true))
		evalArgs = append(evalArgs, rego.EvalInstrument(true))
	}

	rp := resettableProfiler{}
	if params.profile {
		rp.p = profiler.New()
		evalArgs = append(evalArgs, rego.EvalQueryTracer(&rp))
	}

	if params.partial {
		regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.Unknowns(params.unknowns))
	}

	regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.DisableInlining(params.disableInlining), rego.ShallowInlining(params.shallowInlining))

	var c *cover.Cover

	if params.coverage {
		c = cover.New()
		evalArgs = append(evalArgs, rego.EvalQueryTracer(c))
	}

	if params.strictBuiltinErrors {
		regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.StrictBuiltinErrors(true))
		if params.showBuiltinErrors {
			return nil, errors.New("cannot use --show-builtin-errors with --strict-builtin-errors, --strict-builtin-errors will return the first built-in error encountered immediately")
		}
	}

	var builtInErrors []topdown.Error
	if params.showBuiltinErrors {
		regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.BuiltinErrorList(&builtInErrors))
	}

	if params.capabilities.C != nil {
		regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.Capabilities(params.capabilities.C))
	} else {
		regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.Capabilities(ast.CapabilitiesForThisVersion(ast.CapabilitiesRegoVersion(params.regoVersion()))))
	}

	if params.strict {
		regoArgs = append(regoArgs, rego.Strict(params.strict))
	}

	evalCtx := &evalContext{
		params:           params,
		metrics:          m,
		profiler:         &rp,
		cover:            c,
		tracer:           tracer,
		regoArgs:         regoArgs,
		evalArgs:         evalArgs,
		builtInErrorList: &builtInErrors,
	}

	return evalCtx, nil
}

type resettableProfiler struct {
	p *profiler.Profiler
}

func (r *resettableProfiler) reset() {
	r.p = profiler.New()
}

func (*resettableProfiler) Enabled() bool                 { return true }
func (r *resettableProfiler) TraceEvent(ev topdown.Event) { r.p.TraceEvent(ev) }
func (r *resettableProfiler) Config() topdown.TraceConfig { return r.p.Config() }

func getProfileSortOrder(sortOrder []string) []string {
	// convert the sort order slice to a map for faster lookups
	sortOrderMap := make(map[string]bool, len(sortOrder))
	for _, cr := range sortOrder {
		sortOrderMap[cr] = true
	}

	// compare the given sort order and the default
	for _, cr := range pr.DefaultProfileSortOrder {
		if _, ok := sortOrderMap[cr]; !ok {
			sortOrder = append(sortOrder, cr)
		}
	}
	return sortOrder
}

func readInputBytes(params evalCommandParams) ([]byte, error) {
	if params.stdinInput {
		return io.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
	} else if params.inputPath != "" {
		path, err := fileurl.Clean(params.inputPath)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return os.ReadFile(path)
	}
	return nil, nil
}

type repeatedStringFlag struct {
	v     []string
	isSet bool
}

func newrepeatedStringFlag(val []string) repeatedStringFlag {
	return repeatedStringFlag{
		v:     val,
		isSet: false,
	}
}

func (*repeatedStringFlag) Type() string {
	return stringType
}

func (f *repeatedStringFlag) String() string {
	return strings.Join(f.v, ",")
}

func (f *repeatedStringFlag) Set(s string) error {
	f.v = append(f.v, s)
	f.isSet = true
	return nil
}

func (f *repeatedStringFlag) isFlagSet() bool {
	return f.isSet
}

type intFlag struct {
	v     int
	isSet bool
}

func newIntFlag(val int) intFlag {
	return intFlag{
		v:     val,
		isSet: false,
	}
}

func (*intFlag) Type() string {
	return "int"
}

func (f *intFlag) String() string {
	return strconv.Itoa(f.v)
}

func (f *intFlag) Set(s string) error {
	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 0, 32)
	f.v = int(v)
	f.isSet = true
	return err
}

func (f *intFlag) isFlagSet() bool {
	return f.isSet
}

// resetExprLocations overwrites the row in the location info for every expression contained in pq.
// The location on every expression is shallow copied to avoid mutating shared state. Overwriting
// the rows ensures that the formatting package does not leave blank lines in between expressions (e.g.,
// if expression 1 was saved on L10 and expression 2 was saved on L20 then the formatting package would
// squash the blank lines.)
func resetExprLocations(pq *rego.PartialQueries) {
	if pq == nil {
		return
	}

	vis := &astLocationResetVisitor{}

	for i := range pq.Queries {
		ast.NewGenericVisitor(vis.visit).Walk(pq.Queries[i])
	}

	for i := range pq.Support {
		ast.NewGenericVisitor(vis.visit).Walk(pq.Support[i])
	}
}

type astLocationResetVisitor struct {
	n int
}

func (vis *astLocationResetVisitor) visit(x any) bool {
	if expr, ok := x.(*ast.Expr); ok {
		if expr.Location != nil {
			cpy := *expr.Location
			cpy.Row = vis.n
			expr.Location = &cpy
		} else {
			expr.Location = location.NewLocation(nil, "", vis.n, 1)
		}
		vis.n++
	}
	return false
}

func generateOptimizedBundle(params evalCommandParams, asBundle bool, filter loader.Filter, paths []string) (*bundle.Bundle, error) {
	capabilities := params.capabilities.C
	if capabilities == nil {
		capabilities = ast.CapabilitiesForThisVersion(ast.CapabilitiesRegoVersion(params.regoVersion()))
	}

	compiler := compile.New().
		WithCapabilities(capabilities).
		WithTarget(params.target.String()).
		WithAsBundle(asBundle).
		WithBundleLazyLoadingMode(bundle.HasExtension()).
		WithOptimizationLevel(params.optimizationLevel).
		WithOutput(bytes.NewBuffer(nil)).
		WithEntrypoints(params.entrypoints.v...).
		WithRegoAnnotationEntrypoints(true).
		WithPaths(paths...).
		WithFilter(filter).
		WithRegoVersion(params.regoVersion())

	if err := compiler.Build(context.Background()); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return compiler.Bundle(), nil
}