openclaw/src/agents/apply-patch.test.ts

/**
 * Tests apply_patch execution and path safety.
 * Covers host/sandbox file operations, workspace guards, symlink races, and
 * update hunk behavior.
 */
import fs from "node:fs/promises";
import os from "node:os";
import path from "node:path";
import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
import {
  createRebindableDirectoryAlias,
  withRealpathSymlinkRebindRace,
} from "../test-utils/symlink-rebind-race.js";
import { createApplyPatchTool } from "./apply-patch.js";
import { applyPatch } from "./apply-patch.test-support.js";
import type { SandboxFsBridge } from "./sandbox/fs-bridge.js";

async function withTempDir<T>(fn: (dir: string) => Promise<T>) {
  // realpath: production sandbox checks compare against canonical paths; on macOS
  // os.tmpdir() is a /var -> /private/var symlink, which otherwise trips the guard.
  const dir = await fs.realpath(await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "openclaw-patch-")));
  try {
    return await fn(dir);
  } finally {
    await fs.rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
  }
}

async function withWorkspaceTempDir<T>(fn: (dir: string) => Promise<T>) {
  const dir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(process.cwd(), "openclaw-patch-workspace-"));
  try {
    return await fn(dir);
  } finally {
    await fs.rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
  }
}

function buildAddFilePatch(targetPath: string): string {
  return `*** Begin Patch
*** Add File: ${targetPath}
+escaped
*** End Patch`;
}

function createMemoryPatchSandbox(
  initialFiles: Record<string, string | Buffer> = {},
  options: { supportsExclusiveCreate?: boolean } = {},
) {
  const files = new Map<string, string | Buffer>(
    Object.entries(initialFiles).map(([filePath, contents]) => [`/sandbox/${filePath}`, contents]),
  );
  const writeFile = vi.fn(async ({ filePath, data }) => {
    files.set(filePath, Buffer.isBuffer(data) ? Buffer.from(data) : data);
  });
  const createFileExclusive = vi.fn(async ({ filePath, data }) => {
    if (files.has(filePath)) {
      return "exists" as const;
    }
    files.set(filePath, Buffer.isBuffer(data) ? Buffer.from(data) : data);
    return "created" as const;
  });
  const mkdirp = vi.fn(async () => {});
  const bridge: SandboxFsBridge = {
    resolvePath: ({ filePath }) => ({
      relativePath: filePath,
      containerPath: `/sandbox/${filePath}`,
    }),
    readFile: async ({ filePath }) => {
      const contents = files.get(filePath);
      return typeof contents === "string"
        ? Buffer.from(contents, "utf8")
        : Buffer.from(contents ?? "");
    },
    writeFile,
    ...(options.supportsExclusiveCreate === false ? {} : { createFileExclusive }),
    remove: async ({ filePath }) => {
      files.delete(filePath);
    },
    rename: async ({ from, to }) => {
      const contents = files.get(from);
      if (contents !== undefined) {
        files.set(to, contents);
        files.delete(from);
      }
    },
    stat: async ({ filePath }) => {
      const contents = files.get(filePath);
      return contents === undefined
        ? null
        : { type: "file", size: Buffer.byteLength(contents), mtimeMs: 0 };
    },
    mkdirp,
  };
  return {
    files,
    bridge,
    writeFile,
    createFileExclusive,
    mkdirp,
    options: {
      cwd: "/local/workspace",
      sandbox: {
        root: "/local/workspace",
        bridge,
      },
    },
  };
}

async function expectOutsideWriteRejected(params: {
  dir: string;
  patchTargetPath: string;
  outsidePath: string;
}) {
  const patch = buildAddFilePatch(params.patchTargetPath);
  await expect(applyPatch(patch, { cwd: params.dir })).rejects.toThrow(/Path escapes sandbox root/);
  await expectMissingPath(fs.readFile(params.outsidePath, "utf8"));
}

async function expectMissingPath(operation: Promise<unknown>) {
  let error: NodeJS.ErrnoException | undefined;
  try {
    await operation;
  } catch (caught) {
    error = caught as NodeJS.ErrnoException;
  }
  expect(error?.code).toBe("ENOENT");
}

describe("applyPatch", () => {
  const priceUpdatePatch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@
-price: 5
+price: 7
*** End Patch`;

  it.each([
    { name: "workspace-confined host", workspaceOnly: true },
    { name: "unconfined host", workspaceOnly: false },
  ])("preserves a valid UTF-8 BOM in $name updates", async ({ workspaceOnly }) => {
    await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const filePath = path.join(dir, "source.txt");
      await fs.writeFile(filePath, Buffer.from("\uFEFFheading\nprice: 5\n", "utf8"));

      await applyPatch(priceUpdatePatch, { cwd: dir, workspaceOnly });

      await expect(fs.readFile(filePath)).resolves.toEqual(
        Buffer.from("\uFEFFheading\nprice: 7\n", "utf8"),
      );
    });
  });

  it.each([
    { name: "workspace-confined host", workspaceOnly: true },
    { name: "unconfined host", workspaceOnly: false },
  ])("rejects invalid UTF-8 in $name updates without changing bytes", async ({ workspaceOnly }) => {
    await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const filePath = path.join(dir, "source.txt");
      const original = Buffer.concat([
        Buffer.from("heading\nprice: 5\n"),
        Buffer.from([0xff, 0xfe]),
      ]);
      await fs.writeFile(filePath, original);

      await expect(applyPatch(priceUpdatePatch, { cwd: dir, workspaceOnly })).rejects.toThrow(
        /not valid UTF-8/,
      );
      await expect(fs.readFile(filePath)).resolves.toEqual(original);
    });
  });

  it("preserves a valid UTF-8 BOM in sandbox updates", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({
      "source.txt": Buffer.from("\uFEFFheading\nprice: 5\n", "utf8"),
    });

    await applyPatch(priceUpdatePatch, memory.options);

    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe("\uFEFFheading\nprice: 7\n");
  });

  it("rejects invalid sandbox UTF-8 before writing or changing bytes", async () => {
    const original = Buffer.concat([Buffer.from("heading\nprice: 5\n"), Buffer.from([0xff, 0xfe])]);
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({ "source.txt": original });

    await expect(applyPatch(priceUpdatePatch, memory.options)).rejects.toThrow(/not valid UTF-8/);

    expect(memory.writeFile).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toEqual(original);
  });

  it("adds a file", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox();
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Add File: hello.txt
+hello
*** End Patch`;

    const result = await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/hello.txt")).toBe("hello\n");
    expect(result.summary.added).toEqual(["hello.txt"]);
  });

  it("rejects an add hunk that targets an existing file", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({ "notes.txt": "keep me\n" });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Add File: notes.txt
+replacement
*** End Patch`;

    await expect(applyPatch(patch, memory.options)).rejects.toThrow(
      /Cannot create notes\.txt: the file already exists/,
    );
    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/notes.txt")).toBe("keep me\n");
    expect(memory.writeFile.mock.calls).toHaveLength(0);
  });

  it.each([
    { name: "workspace-confined host", workspaceOnly: true },
    { name: "unconfined host", workspaceOnly: false },
  ])(
    "keeps existing contents in $name when an add hunk targets them",
    async ({ workspaceOnly }) => {
      await withWorkspaceTempDir(async (dir) => {
        const target = path.join(dir, "notes.txt");
        await fs.writeFile(target, "IMPORTANT USER DATA\nsecond line\n", "utf8");
        const tool = createApplyPatchTool({ cwd: dir, workspaceOnly });
        const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Add File: notes.txt
+replacement
*** End Patch`;

        await expect(
          tool.execute("call-add-existing", { input: patch }, undefined),
        ).rejects.toThrow(/Cannot create notes\.txt: the file already exists/);
        expect(await fs.readFile(target, "utf8")).toBe("IMPORTANT USER DATA\nsecond line\n");
      });
    },
  );

  it.runIf(process.platform !== "win32")(
    "refuses existing symlinks in both host modes without changing their targets",
    async () => {
      for (const workspaceOnly of [true, false]) {
        await withWorkspaceTempDir(async (dir) => {
          const target = path.join(dir, "target.txt");
          const link = path.join(dir, "notes.txt");
          await fs.writeFile(target, "keep me\n", "utf8");
          await fs.symlink("target.txt", link);
          const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Add File: notes.txt
+replacement
*** End Patch`;

          await expect(applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir, workspaceOnly })).rejects.toThrow(
            /Cannot create notes\.txt: the file already exists/,
          );
          await expect(fs.readFile(target, "utf8")).resolves.toBe("keep me\n");
          await expect(fs.readlink(link)).resolves.toBe("target.txt");
        });
      }
    },
  );

  it("refuses an add hunk when a competing writer creates the target mid-patch", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox();
    memory.mkdirp.mockImplementation(async () => {
      memory.files.set("/sandbox/notes.txt", "written by another writer\n");
    });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Add File: notes.txt
+replacement
*** End Patch`;

    await expect(applyPatch(patch, memory.options)).rejects.toThrow(
      /Cannot create notes\.txt: the file already exists/,
    );
    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/notes.txt")).toBe("written by another writer\n");
    expect(memory.writeFile.mock.calls).toHaveLength(0);
  });

  it("refuses a move hunk when a competing writer creates the destination mid-patch", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({ "source.txt": "foo\nbar\n" });
    memory.mkdirp.mockImplementation(async () => {
      memory.files.set("/sandbox/dest.txt", "written by another writer\n");
    });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
*** Move to: dest.txt
@@
 foo
-bar
+baz
*** End Patch`;

    await expect(applyPatch(patch, memory.options)).rejects.toThrow(
      /Cannot create dest\.txt: the file already exists/,
    );
    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/dest.txt")).toBe("written by another writer\n");
    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe("foo\nbar\n");
  });

  it("allows an add hunk after the same path is deleted in the patch", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({ "notes.txt": "old\n" });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Delete File: notes.txt
*** Add File: notes.txt
+new
*** End Patch`;

    const result = await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/notes.txt")).toBe("new\n");
    expect(result.summary.added).toEqual(["notes.txt"]);
  });

  it("rejects a move hunk that targets an existing file", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({
      "source.txt": "foo\nbar\n",
      "dest.txt": "keep me\n",
    });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
*** Move to: dest.txt
@@
 foo
-bar
+baz
*** End Patch`;

    await expect(applyPatch(patch, memory.options)).rejects.toThrow(
      /Cannot create dest\.txt: the file already exists/,
    );
    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/dest.txt")).toBe("keep me\n");
    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe("foo\nbar\n");
  });

  it.each([
    { name: "workspace-confined host", workspaceOnly: true },
    { name: "unconfined host", workspaceOnly: false },
  ])(
    "preserves source and destination when a move target exists in $name",
    async ({ workspaceOnly }) => {
      await withWorkspaceTempDir(async (dir) => {
        await fs.writeFile(path.join(dir, "source.txt"), "foo\nbar\n", "utf8");
        await fs.writeFile(path.join(dir, "dest.txt"), "keep me\n", "utf8");
        const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
*** Move to: dest.txt
@@
 foo
-bar
+baz
*** End Patch`;

        await expect(applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir, workspaceOnly })).rejects.toThrow(
          /Cannot create dest\.txt: the file already exists/,
        );
        await expect(fs.readFile(path.join(dir, "source.txt"), "utf8")).resolves.toBe("foo\nbar\n");
        await expect(fs.readFile(path.join(dir, "dest.txt"), "utf8")).resolves.toBe("keep me\n");
      });
    },
  );

  it("fails closed on sandbox adds when atomic create is unavailable", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({}, { supportsExclusiveCreate: false });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Add File: notes.txt
+new
*** End Patch`;

    await expect(applyPatch(patch, memory.options)).rejects.toThrow(
      /does not support atomic file creation/,
    );
    expect(memory.files.has("/sandbox/notes.txt")).toBe(false);
  });

  it("still permits sandbox updates when atomic create is unavailable", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox(
      { "source.txt": "before\n" },
      { supportsExclusiveCreate: false },
    );
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@
-before
+after
*** End Patch`;

    await expect(applyPatch(patch, memory.options)).resolves.toMatchObject({
      summary: { modified: ["source.txt"] },
    });
    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe("after\n");
  });

  it("updates and moves a file", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({
      "source.txt": "foo\nbar\n",
    });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
*** Move to: dest.txt
@@
 foo
-bar
+baz
*** End Patch`;

    const result = await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/dest.txt")).toBe("foo\nbaz\n");
    expect(memory.files.has("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe(false);
    expect(result.summary.modified).toEqual(["dest.txt"]);
  });

  it("updates in place when move target resolves to the source file", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({
      "source.txt": "foo\nbar\n",
    });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
*** Move to: ./source.txt
@@
 foo
-bar
+baz
*** End Patch`;

    const result = await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe("foo\nbaz\n");
    expect(result.summary.modified).toEqual(["source.txt"]);
  });

  it("returns a terminal no-op without rewriting unchanged update hunks", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({
      "source.txt": "foo\nbar\n",
    });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@
 foo
-bar
+bar
*** End Patch`;

    const result = await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(result.noOp).toBe(true);
    expect(result.text).toBe("No changes made to source.txt.");
    expect(result.summary).toEqual({ added: [], modified: [], deleted: [] });
    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe("foo\nbar\n");
    expect(memory.writeFile.mock.calls).toHaveLength(0);

    const tool = createApplyPatchTool(memory.options);
    const toolResult = await tool.execute("call-no-op", { input: patch }, undefined);
    expect(toolResult.terminate).toBe(true);
  });

  it("preserves line endings and EOF state for no-op update hunks", async () => {
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@
 foo
-bar
+bar
*** End Patch`;
    for (const initial of ["foo\r\nbar\r\n", "foo\nbar"]) {
      const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({ "source.txt": initial });

      const result = await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

      expect(result.noOp).toBe(true);
      expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe(initial);
      expect(memory.writeFile.mock.calls).toHaveLength(0);
    }
  });

  it("preserves CRLF line endings for changed and context lines", async () => {
    const initial =
      'class Program {\r\n  static void Main() {\r\n    Console.WriteLine("hello");\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n';
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({ "source.txt": initial });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@
   static void Main() {
-    Console.WriteLine("hello");
+    Console.WriteLine("world");
   }
*** End Patch`;

    const result = await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(result.noOp).toBeUndefined();
    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe(
      'class Program {\r\n  static void Main() {\r\n    Console.WriteLine("world");\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n',
    );
  });

  it("preserves CRLF line endings when the hunk spans the whole file", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({ "source.txt": "foo\r\nbar\r\n" });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@
 foo
-bar
+baz
*** End Patch`;

    await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe("foo\r\nbaz\r\n");
  });

  it("preserves CRLF line endings for inserted lines", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({ "source.txt": "foo\r\nbar\r\n" });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@ foo
+middle
*** End Patch`;

    await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe("foo\r\nmiddle\r\nbar\r\n");
  });

  it("keeps LF files on LF after a real update hunk", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({ "source.txt": "foo\nbar\n" });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@
 foo
-bar
+baz
*** End Patch`;

    await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe("foo\nbaz\n");
  });

  it("keeps context line bytes when the hunk drops trailing whitespace", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({
      "notes.md": "# Notes\nfirst line  \nsecond line  \nold value\ntail\n",
    });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: notes.md
@@
 first line
 second line
-old value
+new value
 tail
*** End Patch`;

    await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/notes.md")).toBe(
      "# Notes\nfirst line  \nsecond line  \nnew value\ntail\n",
    );
  });

  it.each([
    {
      title: "keeps context line punctuation when the hunk uses normalized quotes",
      fileName: "notes.md",
      initialContent: "It\u2019s done\nold value\n",
      patchText: `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: notes.md
@@
 It's done
-old value
+new value
*** End Patch`,
      expectedPath: "/sandbox/notes.md",
      expectedContent: "It\u2019s done\nnew value\n",
    },
    {
      title: "does not normalize mixed line endings outside the changed hunk",
      fileName: "source.txt",
      initialContent: "first\r\nsecond\nthird\r\n",
      patchText: `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@
-second
+changed
*** End Patch`,
      expectedPath: "/sandbox/source.txt",
      expectedContent: "first\r\nchanged\nthird\r\n",
    },
    {
      title: "applies context-only insertions at the requested context",
      fileName: "source.txt",
      initialContent: "alpha\nanchor\nomega\n",
      patchText: `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@ anchor
+inserted
*** End Patch`,
      expectedPath: "/sandbox/source.txt",
      expectedContent: "alpha\nanchor\ninserted\nomega\n",
    },
    {
      title: "keeps later insertion contexts in original file coordinates",
      fileName: "source.txt",
      initialContent: "a\nb\nc\n",
      patchText: `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@ a
+after-a
@@ b
+after-b
*** End Patch`,
      expectedPath: "/sandbox/source.txt",
      expectedContent: "a\nafter-a\nb\nafter-b\nc\n",
    },
    {
      title: "supports end-of-file inserts",
      fileName: "end.txt",
      initialContent: "line1\n",
      patchText: `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: end.txt
@@
+line2
*** End of File
*** End Patch`,
      expectedPath: "/sandbox/end.txt",
      expectedContent: "line1\nline2\n",
    },
  ])("$title", async ({ fileName, initialContent, patchText, expectedPath, expectedContent }) => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({
      [fileName]: initialContent,
    });
    const patch = patchText;

    await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(memory.files.get(expectedPath)).toBe(expectedContent);
  });

  it("keeps tab indentation on context lines when the hunk uses spaces", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({
      "run.py":
        "def run(x):\n\tif x:\n\t\tprepare()\n\t\tvalue = 1\n\t\treturn value\n\treturn 0\n",
    });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: run.py
@@
     if x:
         prepare()
-        value = 1
+        value = 2
         return value
*** End Patch`;

    await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/run.py")).toBe(
      "def run(x):\n\tif x:\n\t\tprepare()\n        value = 2\n\t\treturn value\n\treturn 0\n",
    );
  });

  it("applies a real deletion of the sole blank line", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({ "source.txt": "\n" });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@
-
*** End Patch`;

    const result = await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(result.noOp).toBeUndefined();
    expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe("");
    expect(memory.writeFile.mock.calls).toHaveLength(1);
  });

  it("preserves formatting for same-path move no-op hunks", async () => {
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
*** Move to: ./source.txt
@@
 foo
-bar
+bar
*** End Patch`;
    for (const initial of ["foo\r\nbar\r\n", "foo\nbar"]) {
      const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({ "source.txt": initial });

      const result = await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

      expect(result.noOp).toBe(true);
      expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe(initial);
      expect(memory.writeFile.mock.calls).toHaveLength(0);
    }
  });

  it("normalizes supported punctuation while matching update hunks", async () => {
    const cases = [
      ["a\u2010\u2011\u2012\u2013\u2014\u2015\u2212b", "a-------b"],
      ["a\u2018\u2019\u201A\u201Bb", "a''''b"],
      ["a\u201C\u201D\u201E\u201Fb", 'a""""b'],
      [
        "a\u00A0\u2002\u2003\u2004\u2005\u2006\u2007\u2008\u2009\u200A\u202F\u205F\u3000b",
        "a             b",
      ],
    ] as const;

    for (const [sourceLine, patchLine] of cases) {
      const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({
        "source.txt": `${sourceLine}\n`,
      });
      const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@
-${patchLine}
+updated
*** End Patch`;

      await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

      expect(memory.files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe("updated\n");
    }
  });

  it("rejects path traversal outside cwd by default", async () => {
    await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const escapedPath = path.join(
        path.dirname(dir),
        `escaped-${process.pid}-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(16).slice(2)}.txt`,
      );
      const relativeEscape = path.relative(dir, escapedPath);

      try {
        await expectOutsideWriteRejected({
          dir,
          patchTargetPath: relativeEscape,
          outsidePath: escapedPath,
        });
      } finally {
        await fs.rm(escapedPath, { force: true });
      }
    });
  });

  it("rejects absolute paths outside cwd by default", async () => {
    await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const escapedPath = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `openclaw-apply-patch-${Date.now()}.txt`);

      try {
        await expectOutsideWriteRejected({
          dir,
          patchTargetPath: escapedPath,
          outsidePath: escapedPath,
        });
      } finally {
        await fs.rm(escapedPath, { force: true });
      }
    });
  });

  it("deletes the resolved target path", async () => {
    const memory = createMemoryPatchSandbox({
      "delete-me.txt": "x\n",
    });
    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Delete File: delete-me.txt
*** End Patch`;

    const result = await applyPatch(patch, memory.options);

    expect(result.summary.deleted).toEqual(["delete-me.txt"]);
    expect(memory.files.has("/sandbox/delete-me.txt")).toBe(false);
  });

  it("rejects symlink escape attempts by default", async () => {
    // File symlinks require SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege on Windows.
    if (process.platform === "win32") {
      return;
    }
    await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const outside = path.join(path.dirname(dir), "outside-target.txt");
      const linkPath = path.join(dir, "link.txt");
      await fs.writeFile(outside, "initial\n", "utf8");
      await fs.symlink(outside, linkPath);

      const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: link.txt
@@
-initial
+pwned
*** End Patch`;

      await expect(applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir })).rejects.toThrow(/Symlink escapes sandbox root/);
      const outsideContents = await fs.readFile(outside, "utf8");
      expect(outsideContents).toBe("initial\n");
      await fs.rm(outside, { force: true });
    });
  });

  it("rejects broken final symlink targets outside cwd by default", async () => {
    if (process.platform === "win32") {
      return;
    }
    await withWorkspaceTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const outsideDir = path.join(path.dirname(dir), `outside-broken-link-${Date.now()}`);
      const outsideFile = path.join(outsideDir, "owned.txt");
      const linkPath = path.join(dir, "jump");
      await fs.mkdir(outsideDir, { recursive: true });
      await fs.symlink(outsideFile, linkPath);

      const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Add File: jump
+pwned
*** End Patch`;

      try {
        await expect(applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir })).rejects.toThrow(
          /Symlink escapes sandbox root/,
        );
        await expectMissingPath(fs.readFile(outsideFile, "utf8"));
      } finally {
        await fs.rm(outsideDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
      }
    });
  });

  it("rejects hardlink alias escapes by default", async () => {
    if (process.platform === "win32") {
      return;
    }
    await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const outside = path.join(
        path.dirname(dir),
        `outside-hardlink-${process.pid}-${Date.now()}.txt`,
      );
      const linkPath = path.join(dir, "hardlink.txt");
      await fs.writeFile(outside, "initial\n", "utf8");
      try {
        try {
          await fs.link(outside, linkPath);
        } catch (err) {
          if ((err as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code === "EXDEV") {
            return;
          }
          throw err;
        }
        const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: hardlink.txt
@@
-initial
+pwned
*** End Patch`;
        await expect(applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir })).rejects.toThrow(/hardlink|sandbox/i);
        const outsideContents = await fs.readFile(outside, "utf8");
        expect(outsideContents).toBe("initial\n");
      } finally {
        await fs.rm(linkPath, { force: true });
        await fs.rm(outside, { force: true });
      }
    });
  });

  it("rejects symlinks within cwd by default", async () => {
    // File symlinks require SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege on Windows.
    if (process.platform === "win32") {
      return;
    }
    await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const target = path.join(dir, "target.txt");
      const linkPath = path.join(dir, "link.txt");
      await fs.writeFile(target, "initial\n", "utf8");
      await fs.symlink(target, linkPath);

      const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: link.txt
@@
-initial
+updated
*** End Patch`;

      await expect(applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir })).rejects.toThrow(
        // fs-safe 0.5.2 reports the symlink rejection through the boundary-read
        // validation path ("unsafe path") instead of a symlink-specific message.
        /path is not a regular file under root|symlink open blocked|unsafe path/i,
      );
      const contents = await fs.readFile(target, "utf8");
      expect(contents).toBe("initial\n");
    });
  });

  it("rejects delete path traversal via symlink directories by default", async () => {
    await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const outsideDir = path.join(path.dirname(dir), `outside-dir-${process.pid}-${Date.now()}`);
      const outsideFile = path.join(outsideDir, "victim.txt");
      await fs.mkdir(outsideDir, { recursive: true });
      await fs.writeFile(outsideFile, "victim\n", "utf8");

      const linkDir = path.join(dir, "linkdir");
      // Use 'junction' on Windows — junctions target directories without
      // requiring SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege.
      await fs.symlink(outsideDir, linkDir, process.platform === "win32" ? "junction" : undefined);

      const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Delete File: linkdir/victim.txt
*** End Patch`;

      try {
        await expect(applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir })).rejects.toThrow(
          /Symlink escapes sandbox root/,
        );
        const stillThere = await fs.readFile(outsideFile, "utf8");
        expect(stillThere).toBe("victim\n");
      } finally {
        await fs.rm(outsideFile, { force: true });
        await fs.rm(outsideDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
      }
    });
  });

  it("allows path traversal when workspaceOnly is explicitly disabled", async () => {
    await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const escapedPath = path.join(
        path.dirname(dir),
        `escaped-allow-${process.pid}-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(16).slice(2)}.txt`,
      );
      const relativeEscape = path.relative(dir, escapedPath);

      const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Add File: ${relativeEscape}
+escaped
*** End Patch`;

      try {
        const result = await applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir, workspaceOnly: false });
        expect(result.summary.added.length).toBe(1);
        const contents = await fs.readFile(escapedPath, "utf8");
        expect(contents).toBe("escaped\n");
      } finally {
        await fs.rm(escapedPath, { force: true });
      }
    });
  });

  it("keeps dot-dot-prefixed filenames inside cwd and reports relative paths", async () => {
    await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Add File: ..note.txt
+inside
*** End Patch`;

      const result = await applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir });

      expect(result.summary.added).toEqual(["..note.txt"]);
      await expect(fs.readFile(path.join(dir, "..note.txt"), "utf8")).resolves.toBe("inside\n");
    });
  });

  it("allows deleting a symlink itself even if it points outside cwd", async () => {
    await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const outsideDir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(path.dirname(dir), "openclaw-patch-outside-"));
      try {
        const outsideTarget = path.join(outsideDir, "target.txt");
        await fs.writeFile(outsideTarget, "keep\n", "utf8");

        const linkDir = path.join(dir, "link");
        // Use 'junction' on Windows — junctions target directories without
        // requiring SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege.
        await fs.symlink(
          outsideDir,
          linkDir,
          process.platform === "win32" ? "junction" : undefined,
        );

        const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Delete File: link
*** End Patch`;

        const result = await applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir });
        expect(result.summary.deleted).toEqual(["link"]);
        await expectMissingPath(fs.lstat(linkDir));
        const outsideContents = await fs.readFile(outsideTarget, "utf8");
        expect(outsideContents).toBe("keep\n");
      } finally {
        await fs.rm(outsideDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
      }
    });
  });

  it("rejects move targets whose parent path is a symlink outside cwd", async () => {
    if (process.platform === "win32") {
      return;
    }
    await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
      const outsideDir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(path.dirname(dir), "openclaw-patch-outside-"));
      try {
        const sourcePath = path.join(dir, "source.txt");
        const outsideTarget = path.join(outsideDir, "moved.txt");
        const linkDir = path.join(dir, "link");
        await fs.writeFile(sourcePath, "before\n", "utf8");
        await fs.symlink(outsideDir, linkDir);

        const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
*** Move to: link/moved.txt
@@
-before
+after
*** End Patch`;

        await expect(applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir })).rejects.toThrow(
          /path alias under sandbox root|symlink escapes sandbox root/i,
        );
        await expect(fs.readFile(sourcePath, "utf8")).resolves.toBe("before\n");
        await expectMissingPath(fs.readFile(outsideTarget, "utf8"));
      } finally {
        await fs.rm(outsideDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
      }
    });
  });

  it.runIf(process.platform !== "win32")(
    "does not delete out-of-root files when a checked directory is rebound before remove",
    async () => {
      await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
        const inside = path.join(dir, "inside");
        const outside = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "openclaw-patch-outside-"));
        const slot = path.join(dir, "slot");
        await fs.mkdir(inside, { recursive: true });
        await fs.writeFile(path.join(inside, "target.txt"), "inside\n", "utf8");
        const outsideTarget = path.join(outside, "target.txt");
        await fs.writeFile(outsideTarget, "outside\n", "utf8");
        await createRebindableDirectoryAlias({
          aliasPath: slot,
          targetPath: inside,
        });

        const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Delete File: slot/target.txt
*** End Patch`;

        try {
          await withRealpathSymlinkRebindRace({
            shouldFlip: (realpathInput) => realpathInput.endsWith(path.join("slot")),
            symlinkPath: slot,
            symlinkTarget: outside,
            timing: "before-realpath",
            run: async () => {
              await expect(applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir })).rejects.toThrow(
                /symlink escapes sandbox root|under root|not found/i,
              );
            },
          });
          await expect(fs.readFile(outsideTarget, "utf8")).resolves.toBe("outside\n");
        } finally {
          await fs.rm(outside, { recursive: true, force: true });
        }
      });
    },
  );

  it.runIf(process.platform !== "win32")(
    "does not create out-of-root directories when a checked directory is rebound before mkdir",
    async () => {
      await withTempDir(async (dir) => {
        const inside = path.join(dir, "inside");
        const outside = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "openclaw-patch-outside-"));
        const slot = path.join(dir, "slot");
        await fs.mkdir(inside, { recursive: true });
        await createRebindableDirectoryAlias({
          aliasPath: slot,
          targetPath: inside,
        });

        const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Add File: slot/nested/deep/file.txt
+safe
*** End Patch`;

        try {
          await withRealpathSymlinkRebindRace({
            shouldFlip: (realpathInput) =>
              realpathInput.endsWith(path.join("slot", "nested", "deep", "file.txt")),
            symlinkPath: slot,
            symlinkTarget: outside,
            timing: "before-realpath",
            run: async () => {
              await expect(applyPatch(patch, { cwd: dir })).rejects.toThrow(
                /path alias under sandbox root|path escapes sandbox root|under root|unable to resolve opened file path/i,
              );
            },
          });
          await expectMissingPath(fs.stat(path.join(outside, "nested")));
        } finally {
          await fs.rm(outside, { recursive: true, force: true });
        }
      });
    },
  );

  it("uses container paths when the sandbox bridge has no local host path", async () => {
    const files = new Map<string, string>([["/sandbox/source.txt", "before\n"]]);
    const bridge = {
      resolvePath: ({ filePath }: { filePath: string }) => ({
        relativePath: filePath,
        containerPath: `/sandbox/${filePath}`,
      }),
      readFile: vi.fn(async ({ filePath }: { filePath: string }) =>
        Buffer.from(files.get(filePath) ?? "", "utf8"),
      ),
      writeFile: vi.fn(async ({ filePath, data }: { filePath: string; data: Buffer | string }) => {
        files.set(filePath, Buffer.isBuffer(data) ? data.toString("utf8") : data);
      }),
      remove: vi.fn(async ({ filePath }: { filePath: string }) => {
        files.delete(filePath);
      }),
      mkdirp: vi.fn(async () => {}),
    };

    const patch = `*** Begin Patch
*** Update File: source.txt
@@
-before
+after
*** End Patch`;

    const result = await applyPatch(patch, {
      cwd: "/local/workspace",
      sandbox: {
        root: "/local/workspace",
        bridge: bridge as never,
      },
    });

    expect(files.get("/sandbox/source.txt")).toBe("after\n");
    expect(result.summary.modified).toEqual(["source.txt"]);
    expect(bridge.readFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
      filePath: "/sandbox/source.txt",
      cwd: "/local/workspace",
    });
  });
});