diff --git a/scripts/e2e/lib/agent-turn-output.mjs b/scripts/e2e/lib/agent-turn-output.mjs
index 12838da9a470..db4e1753b91f 100644
--- a/scripts/e2e/lib/agent-turn-output.mjs
+++ b/scripts/e2e/lib/agent-turn-output.mjs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Helpers for extracting agent turn output from E2E protocol events.
 import fs from "node:fs";
+import { isRecord } from "../../lib/record-shared.mjs";
 import { readTextFileTail, tailText } from "./text-file-utils.mjs";
 
 const ERROR_DETAIL_TAIL_BYTES = 64 * 1024;
@@ -150,10 +151,6 @@ function textValues(values) {
   return values.filter((value) => typeof value === "string" && value.length > 0);
 }
 
-function isRecord(value) {
-  return value !== null && typeof value === "object" && !Array.isArray(value);
-}
-
 function isFailureStatus(value) {
   return (
     typeof value === "string" &&
diff --git a/scripts/e2e/lib/auth-profile-store-assertions.mjs b/scripts/e2e/lib/auth-profile-store-assertions.mjs
index c7a643361e5e..5fe6853a36e0 100644
--- a/scripts/e2e/lib/auth-profile-store-assertions.mjs
+++ b/scripts/e2e/lib/auth-profile-store-assertions.mjs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 // Shared auth profile store assertions for install/onboard E2E proof.
-function isRecord(value) {
-  return value !== null && typeof value === "object" && !Array.isArray(value);
-}
+import { isRecord } from "../../lib/record-shared.mjs";
 
 function hasExpectedOpenAiEnvRef(profile) {
   if (!isRecord(profile)) {
diff --git a/scripts/e2e/lib/bundled-plugin-install-uninstall/runtime-smoke.mjs b/scripts/e2e/lib/bundled-plugin-install-uninstall/runtime-smoke.mjs
index 5fafb657ddc5..30c1912ac149 100644
--- a/scripts/e2e/lib/bundled-plugin-install-uninstall/runtime-smoke.mjs
+++ b/scripts/e2e/lib/bundled-plugin-install-uninstall/runtime-smoke.mjs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import process from "node:process";
 import { setTimeout as delay } from "node:timers/promises";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { isRecord } from "../../../lib/record-shared.mjs";
 import { resolveWindowsTaskkillPath } from "../../../lib/windows-taskkill.mjs";
 import { readBoundedResponseText } from "../bounded-response-text.mjs";
 
@@ -993,10 +994,6 @@ function hasOwnPayloadField(raw, field) {
   );
 }
 
-function isRecord(value) {
-  return value !== null && typeof value === "object" && !Array.isArray(value);
-}
-
 export function unwrapRpcPayload(raw) {
   if (raw?.ok === false) {
     throw new Error(`gateway RPC failed: ${JSON.stringify(raw.error ?? raw)}`);
diff --git a/scripts/e2e/lib/gateway-network/client.mjs b/scripts/e2e/lib/gateway-network/client.mjs
index 92d25e586dfe..0d15c731adf4 100644
--- a/scripts/e2e/lib/gateway-network/client.mjs
+++ b/scripts/e2e/lib/gateway-network/client.mjs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { readFile, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { request as httpRequest } from "node:http";
 import { pathToFileURL } from "node:url";
 import { WebSocket } from "ws";
+import { isRecord } from "../../../lib/record-shared.mjs";
 import { sleep as delay } from "../../../lib/sleep.mjs";
 import { waitForWebSocketOpen } from "../websocket-open.mjs";
 import { readGatewayNetworkClientConnectTimeoutMs } from "./limits.mjs";
@@ -24,10 +25,6 @@ async function openSocket(url, timeoutMs = 10_000) {
   return ws;
 }
 
-function isRecord(value) {
-  return value !== null && typeof value === "object" && !Array.isArray(value);
-}
-
 function hasGatewayHealthSummaryPayload(response) {
   if (!isRecord(response) || !isRecord(response.payload)) {
     return false;
diff --git a/scripts/e2e/lib/live-plugin-tool/assertions.mjs b/scripts/e2e/lib/live-plugin-tool/assertions.mjs
index 7312f1cfe2f1..fcfae06c27f6 100644
--- a/scripts/e2e/lib/live-plugin-tool/assertions.mjs
+++ b/scripts/e2e/lib/live-plugin-tool/assertions.mjs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { DatabaseSync } from "node:sqlite";
+import { isRecord } from "../../../lib/record-shared.mjs";
 import { extractAgentReplyTexts } from "../agent-turn-output.mjs";
 import { readPluginInstallRecords } from "../plugin-index-sqlite.mjs";
 import { readTextFileTail, tailText } from "../text-file-utils.mjs";
@@ -64,10 +65,6 @@ function agentErrorPath() {
   return process.env.OPENCLAW_LIVE_PLUGIN_TOOL_AGENT_ERROR_PATH || "/tmp/openclaw-agent.err";
 }
 
-function isRecord(value) {
-  return Boolean(value && typeof value === "object" && !Array.isArray(value));
-}
-
 function readNonEmptyString(value) {
   return typeof value === "string" && value.trim() ? value.trim() : undefined;
 }
diff --git a/scripts/validate-qa-runtime-pair-summary.mjs b/scripts/validate-qa-runtime-pair-summary.mjs
index cae57eaedd70..103e96e2c119 100644
--- a/scripts/validate-qa-runtime-pair-summary.mjs
+++ b/scripts/validate-qa-runtime-pair-summary.mjs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import fs from "node:fs";
 import process from "node:process";
 import { pathToFileURL } from "node:url";
+import { isRecord } from "./lib/record-shared.mjs";
 
 const RUNTIME_IDS = ["openclaw", "codex"];
 const HARD_RUNTIME_ERROR_CLASSES = new Set([
@@ -60,10 +61,6 @@ const FROZEN_RUNTIME_PAIR_MANIFESTS = new Map([
   ["c37af96b18776fecc9e24268f27fc89b563481bf:core", FROZEN_CORE_RUNTIME_PAIR_MANIFEST],
 ]);
 
-function isRecord(value) {
-  return value !== null && typeof value === "object" && !Array.isArray(value);
-}
-
 function isPassableCell(cell) {
   if (!isRecord(cell) || typeof cell.transportErrorClass === "string") {
     return false;