diff --git a/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/approvals.ts b/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/approvals.ts
index 8b45ae7413de..304852d0998b 100644
--- a/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/approvals.ts
+++ b/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/approvals.ts
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ const SystemAgentApprovalAllowedDecisionsSchema = Type.Tuple([
 export const ExecApprovalPresentationSchema = Type.Object(
   {
     kind: Type.Literal("exec"),
+    instanceId: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
     commandText: NonEmptyString,
     commandPreview: Type.Optional(Type.Union([Type.String(), Type.Null()])),
     warningText: Type.Optional(Type.Union([Type.String(), Type.Null()])),
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ export const ExecApprovalPresentationSchema = Type.Object(
 /** Plugin-supplied reviewer text safe to persist and render across surfaces. */
 export const PluginApprovalPresentationSchema = closedObject({
   kind: Type.Literal("plugin"),
+  instanceId: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
   title: Type.String({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 80 }),
   description: Type.String({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 512 }),
   detail: Type.Optional(Type.String({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 16_384 })),
@@ -121,6 +123,7 @@ export const PluginApprovalPresentationSchema = closedObject({
 /** Reviewer-safe OpenClaw system change. Exact operation stays host-local. */
 export const SystemAgentApprovalPresentationSchema = closedObject({
   kind: Type.Literal("system-agent"),
+  instanceId: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
   title: Type.String({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 80 }),
   description: Type.String({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 512 }),
   proposalHash: Type.String({ pattern: "^[a-f0-9]{64}$" }),
diff --git a/src/gateway/exec-approval-manager.ts b/src/gateway/exec-approval-manager.ts
index efca40f017cf..6b70b269c50d 100644
--- a/src/gateway/exec-approval-manager.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/exec-approval-manager.ts
@@ -296,6 +296,7 @@ export class ExecApprovalManager<TPayload = ExecApprovalRequestPayload> {
       ? buildApprovalPresentation({
           kind: this.approvalKind,
           request: record.request,
+          instanceId: record.instanceId,
           allowedDecisions: allowedDecisions ?? [],
         })
       : null;
@@ -398,6 +399,7 @@ export class ExecApprovalManager<TPayload = ExecApprovalRequestPayload> {
     const presentation = buildApprovalPresentation({
       kind: this.approvalKind,
       request: record.request,
+      instanceId: record.instanceId,
       allowedDecisions: normalizeAllowedDecisions(
         this.options.resolveAllowedDecisions?.(record.request),
       ),
diff --git a/src/gateway/operator-approval-store.ts b/src/gateway/operator-approval-store.ts
index 1a95ff0fbd16..1077c8c9d9a8 100644
--- a/src/gateway/operator-approval-store.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/operator-approval-store.ts
@@ -444,7 +444,11 @@ function decodeOperatorApprovalRow(row: OperatorApprovalRow): OperatorApprovalRe
   if (
     presentation.kind !== kind ||
     row.resolution_ref !==
-      buildApprovalResolutionRef({ approvalId: row.approval_id, approvalKind: kind }) ||
+      buildApprovalResolutionRef({
+        approvalId: row.approval_id,
+        approvalKind: kind,
+        instanceId: presentation.instanceId,
+      }) ||
     !hasValidLifecycleTuple({ row, status, decision, terminalReason, resolverKind }) ||
     (status === "allowed" &&
       (!decision || !Array.prototype.includes.call(presentation.allowedDecisions, decision)))
diff --git a/src/infra/approval-presentation.ts b/src/infra/approval-presentation.ts
index d13fb8025470..8ba9b2805be2 100644
--- a/src/infra/approval-presentation.ts
+++ b/src/infra/approval-presentation.ts
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ function sanitizeOptionalSingleLine(value: unknown): string | null {
 
 function buildExecApprovalPresentation(params: {
   request: unknown;
+  instanceId?: string;
   allowedDecisions: readonly ApprovalDecision[];
 }): ApprovalPresentation | null {
   if (!isRecord(params.request)) {
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ function buildExecApprovalPresentation(params: {
       : null;
   return {
     kind: "exec",
+    ...(params.instanceId ? { instanceId: params.instanceId } : {}),
     commandText,
     commandPreview,
     warningText,
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ function buildExecApprovalPresentation(params: {
 
 function buildPluginApprovalPresentation(params: {
   request: unknown;
+  instanceId?: string;
   allowedDecisions: readonly ApprovalDecision[];
 }): ApprovalPresentation | null {
   if (!isRecord(params.request)) {
@@ -104,6 +107,7 @@ function buildPluginApprovalPresentation(params: {
     : null;
   return {
     kind: "plugin",
+    ...(params.instanceId ? { instanceId: params.instanceId } : {}),
     title,
     description,
     ...(detail ? { detail } : {}),
@@ -117,6 +121,7 @@ function buildPluginApprovalPresentation(params: {
 
 function buildSystemAgentApprovalPresentation(params: {
   request: unknown;
+  instanceId?: string;
   allowedDecisions: readonly ApprovalDecision[];
 }): ApprovalPresentation | null {
   if (!isRecord(params.request)) {
@@ -130,6 +135,7 @@ function buildSystemAgentApprovalPresentation(params: {
   }
   return {
     kind: "system-agent",
+    ...(params.instanceId ? { instanceId: params.instanceId } : {}),
     title: truncateUtf16Safe(sanitizeExecApprovalDisplayText(title), 80),
     description: truncateUtf16Safe(sanitizeExecApprovalWarningText(description), 512),
     proposalHash: request.proposalHash,
@@ -142,6 +148,7 @@ function buildSystemAgentApprovalPresentation(params: {
 export function buildApprovalPresentation(params: {
   kind: ApprovalKind;
   request: unknown;
+  instanceId?: string;
   allowedDecisions: readonly ApprovalDecision[];
 }): ApprovalPresentation | null {
   if (params.kind === "exec") {
diff --git a/src/state/openclaw-state-db-legacy-backfills.ts b/src/state/openclaw-state-db-legacy-backfills.ts
index 9250c734b9b0..6ffc3802c112 100644
--- a/src/state/openclaw-state-db-legacy-backfills.ts
+++ b/src/state/openclaw-state-db-legacy-backfills.ts
@@ -17,11 +17,14 @@ export function ensureOperatorApprovalResolutionRefs(db: DatabaseSync): void {
   runSqliteImmediateTransactionSync(db, () => {
     ensureColumn(db, "operator_approvals", "resolution_ref TEXT");
     const rows = db
-      .prepare("SELECT approval_id, kind, resolution_ref FROM operator_approvals")
+      .prepare(
+        "SELECT approval_id, kind, resolution_ref, presentation_json FROM operator_approvals",
+      )
       .all() as Array<{
       approval_id?: unknown;
       kind?: unknown;
       resolution_ref?: unknown;
+      presentation_json?: unknown;
     }>;
     const update = db.prepare(
       "UPDATE operator_approvals SET resolution_ref = ? WHERE approval_id = ?",
@@ -33,9 +36,16 @@ export function ensureOperatorApprovalResolutionRefs(db: DatabaseSync): void {
       ) {
         throw new Error("operator approval row cannot be assigned a transport reference");
       }
+      const presentation =
+        typeof row.presentation_json === "string"
+          ? safeParseJsonRecord(row.presentation_json)
+          : undefined;
+      const instanceId =
+        typeof presentation?.instanceId === "string" ? presentation.instanceId : undefined;
       const resolutionRef = buildApprovalResolutionRef({
         approvalId: row.approval_id,
         approvalKind: row.kind,
+        instanceId,
       });
       if (row.resolution_ref !== resolutionRef) {
         update.run(resolutionRef, row.approval_id);