diff --git a/src/config/group-policy.test.ts b/src/config/group-policy.test.ts
index d5443b72ba12..be09a1556550 100644
--- a/src/config/group-policy.test.ts
+++ b/src/config/group-policy.test.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,14 @@ import {
   resolveToolsBySender,
 } from "./group-policy.js";
 
+function firstWarningCall(warningSpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn>): [unknown, { code?: unknown }?] {
+  const [call] = warningSpy.mock.calls;
+  if (!call) {
+    throw new Error("expected process.emitWarning call");
+  }
+  return call as [unknown, { code?: unknown }?];
+}
+
 describe("resolveChannelGroupPolicy", () => {
   it("fails closed when groupPolicy=allowlist and groups are missing", () => {
     const cfg = {
@@ -337,8 +345,8 @@ describe("resolveToolsBySender", () => {
     });
 
     expect(warningSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(String(warningSpy.mock.calls[0]?.[0])).toContain(`toolsBySender key "${legacyKey}"`);
-    const warningMeta = warningSpy.mock.calls[0]?.[1] as { code?: unknown } | undefined;
+    const [warningMessage, warningMeta] = firstWarningCall(warningSpy);
+    expect(String(warningMessage)).toContain(`toolsBySender key "${legacyKey}"`);
     expect(warningMeta?.code).toBe("OPENCLAW_TOOLS_BY_SENDER_UNTYPED_KEY");
   });
 });