diff --git a/extensions/amazon-bedrock-mantle/discovery.test.ts b/extensions/amazon-bedrock-mantle/discovery.test.ts
index dbb1371ccdd8..8e1c70a62994 100644
--- a/extensions/amazon-bedrock-mantle/discovery.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/amazon-bedrock-mantle/discovery.test.ts
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ describe("bedrock mantle discovery", () => {
       fetchFn: mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch,
     });
 
-    expect(models).toEqual([]);
+    expect(models).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("returns empty array on network error", async () => {
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ describe("bedrock mantle discovery", () => {
       fetchFn: mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch,
     });
 
-    expect(models).toEqual([]);
+    expect(models).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("filters out models with empty IDs", async () => {
diff --git a/extensions/deepinfra/index.test.ts b/extensions/deepinfra/index.test.ts
index b5b0c60f0477..27736b9110c5 100644
--- a/extensions/deepinfra/index.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/deepinfra/index.test.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ describe("deepinfra augmentModelCatalog", () => {
 
     const entries = await provider.augmentModelCatalog?.({} as never);
 
-    expect(entries).toEqual([]);
+    expect(entries).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("returns configured catalog entries from config", async () => {
diff --git a/extensions/deepinfra/provider-models.test.ts b/extensions/deepinfra/provider-models.test.ts
index a133fcad38f3..5d1bf41cd48d 100644
--- a/extensions/deepinfra/provider-models.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/deepinfra/provider-models.test.ts
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ describe("discoverDeepInfraModels", () => {
 
     expect(DEEPINFRA_DEFAULT_MODEL_REF).toBe("deepinfra/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3.2");
     expect(modelIds).toContain("deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3.2");
-    expect(streamingUsageIncompatibleModelIds).toEqual([]);
+    expect(streamingUsageIncompatibleModelIds).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("fetches DeepInfra's curated LLM catalog and parses model metadata", async () => {
diff --git a/extensions/google/embedding-provider.test.ts b/extensions/google/embedding-provider.test.ts
index c2b068b4b2d7..864dbad945e7 100644
--- a/extensions/google/embedding-provider.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/google/embedding-provider.test.ts
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ describe("Gemini embedding provider", () => {
       fallback: "none",
     });
 
-    await expect(provider.embedQuery("   ")).resolves.toEqual([]);
-    await expect(provider.embedBatch([])).resolves.toEqual([]);
+    await expect(provider.embedQuery("   ")).resolves.toStrictEqual([]);
+    await expect(provider.embedBatch([])).resolves.toStrictEqual([]);
     await expect(provider.embedQuery("test query")).resolves.toEqual([0.6, 0.8, 0]);
 
     const structuredBatch = await provider.embedBatchInputs?.([
diff --git a/extensions/google/index.test.ts b/extensions/google/index.test.ts
index 7ba11a69d83e..79a9bf0e0ff2 100644
--- a/extensions/google/index.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/google/index.test.ts
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ describe("google provider plugin hooks", () => {
         provider: "google-gemini-cli",
         tools: [tool],
       } as never),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("wires google-thinking stream hooks for direct and Gemini CLI providers", async () => {
diff --git a/extensions/ollama/src/stream-runtime.test.ts b/extensions/ollama/src/stream-runtime.test.ts
index 5e830aa62862..e0d68a1e3848 100644
--- a/extensions/ollama/src/stream-runtime.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/ollama/src/stream-runtime.test.ts
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ describe("convertToOllamaMessages", () => {
 
   it("handles empty messages array", () => {
     const result = convertToOllamaMessages([]);
-    expect(result).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });
 
@@ -1285,9 +1285,9 @@ describe("createOllamaStreamFn streaming events", () => {
 
         // start/text_start carry empty partials (before any content accumulates)
         const startEvent = events.find((e) => e.type === "start");
-        expect(startEvent?.partial.content).toEqual([]);
+        expect(startEvent?.partial.content).toStrictEqual([]);
         const textStartEvent = events.find((e) => e.type === "text_start");
-        expect(textStartEvent?.partial.content).toEqual([]);
+        expect(textStartEvent?.partial.content).toStrictEqual([]);
 
         // text_delta partials accumulate content progressively
         expect(deltas[0].partial.content).toEqual([{ type: "text", text: "Hello" }]);
diff --git a/extensions/openai/index.test.ts b/extensions/openai/index.test.ts
index b13958a8dfe5..bf4a820e699b 100644
--- a/extensions/openai/index.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/openai/index.test.ts
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ describe("openai plugin", () => {
         } as never,
         tools: [noParamsTool],
       } as never),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(
       codexProvider.inspectToolSchemas?.({
         provider: "openai-codex",
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ describe("openai plugin", () => {
         } as never,
         tools: [noParamsTool],
       } as never),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("registers GPT-5 system prompt contributions when the friendly overlay is enabled", async () => {
diff --git a/extensions/opencode/provider-policy-api.test.ts b/extensions/opencode/provider-policy-api.test.ts
index 4f02914f2474..f8b110c84cfc 100644
--- a/extensions/opencode/provider-policy-api.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/opencode/provider-policy-api.test.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@ describe("opencode provider policy public artifact", () => {
       levels: expect.arrayContaining([{ id: "adaptive" }]),
       defaultLevel: "adaptive",
     });
-    expect(collectLegacyExtendedLevelIds(profile.levels)).toEqual([]);
+    expect(collectLegacyExtendedLevelIds(profile.levels)).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });
diff --git a/extensions/vercel-ai-gateway/thinking.test.ts b/extensions/vercel-ai-gateway/thinking.test.ts
index 54fafefcfb13..3bc74603c323 100644
--- a/extensions/vercel-ai-gateway/thinking.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/vercel-ai-gateway/thinking.test.ts
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ describe("vercel ai gateway thinking profile", () => {
       levels: expect.arrayContaining([{ id: "adaptive" }]),
       defaultLevel: "adaptive",
     });
-    expect(collectLegacyExtendedLevelIds(profile?.levels)).toEqual([]);
+    expect(collectLegacyExtendedLevelIds(profile?.levels)).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("falls through for unsupported OpenAI or untrusted namespaced refs", async () => {
diff --git a/extensions/xai/web-search.test.ts b/extensions/xai/web-search.test.ts
index b17f988dffdc..b2cf31d15cc4 100644
--- a/extensions/xai/web-search.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/xai/web-search.test.ts
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ describe("xai web search response parsing", () => {
       ],
     });
     expect(result.text).toBe("hello from output");
-    expect(result.annotationCitations).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result.annotationCitations).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("extracts url_citation annotations from content blocks", () => {
@@ -414,13 +414,13 @@ describe("xai web search response parsing", () => {
   it("falls back to deprecated output_text", () => {
     const result = extractXaiWebSearchContent({ output_text: "hello from output_text" });
     expect(result.text).toBe("hello from output_text");
-    expect(result.annotationCitations).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result.annotationCitations).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("returns undefined text when no content found", () => {
     const result = extractXaiWebSearchContent({});
     expect(result.text).toBeUndefined();
-    expect(result.annotationCitations).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result.annotationCitations).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("extracts output_text blocks directly in output array", () => {