diff --git a/docs/plugins/codex-harness.md b/docs/plugins/codex-harness.md
index 93f57f59f54b..345816d2d545 100644
--- a/docs/plugins/codex-harness.md
+++ b/docs/plugins/codex-harness.md
@@ -1202,8 +1202,17 @@ for Gateway pressure, and inspect host or container memory for the Codex child.
 
 The bundled Codex has no heap or RSS limit and no configurable idle-unload
 delay. After the last client unsubscribes, an inactive thread can remain loaded
-for up to 30 minutes. On constrained hosts, reduce native Codex subagent fan-out
-before increasing the Gateway heap:
+for up to 30 minutes. OpenClaw independently keeps up to 64 idle conversation
+threads subscribed on each Codex app-server for 30 minutes after their last
+activity. This preserves warm sessions and session-scoped approvals when several
+conversations alternate. Active turns and parents with unfinished native
+subagents are protected from idle eviction; session reset or deletion releases
+its own thread immediately. Idle-limit eviction unsubscribes the least recently
+used conversation, after which Codex applies its separate unloading delay and a
+later resumed session can require approvals again.
+
+On constrained hosts, reduce native Codex subagent fan-out before increasing the
+Gateway heap:
 
 ```json5
 {
diff --git a/extensions/codex/harness.ts b/extensions/codex/harness.ts
index 8353e8229d9e..6bd87c71cb6f 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/harness.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/harness.ts
@@ -243,18 +243,25 @@ export function createCodexAppServerAgentHarness(options: {
     },
     reset: async (params) => {
       if (params.sessionId) {
-        const { reclaimCurrentCodexSessionGeneration, sessionBindingIdentity } =
-          await import("./src/app-server/session-binding.js");
+        const [
+          { reclaimCurrentCodexSessionGeneration, sessionBindingIdentity },
+          { retireCodexAppServerSessionGeneration },
+        ] = await Promise.all([
+          import("./src/app-server/session-binding.js"),
+          import("./src/app-server/session-retirement.js"),
+        ]);
         const identity = sessionBindingIdentity({
           agentId: params.agentId,
           sessionId: params.sessionId,
           sessionKey: params.sessionKey,
         });
-        const resetGeneration =
-          params.reason === "deleted"
-            ? options.bindingStore.retireSessionGeneration.bind(options.bindingStore)
-            : options.bindingStore.resetSessionGeneration.bind(options.bindingStore);
-        let reset = await resetGeneration(identity);
+        const resetGeneration = () =>
+          retireCodexAppServerSessionGeneration({
+            bindingStore: options.bindingStore,
+            identity,
+            mode: params.reason === "deleted" ? "retire" : "reset",
+          });
+        let reset = await resetGeneration();
         if (reset === "conflict") {
           const reclaimed = await reclaimCurrentCodexSessionGeneration({
             bindingStore: options.bindingStore,
@@ -262,7 +269,7 @@ export function createCodexAppServerAgentHarness(options: {
             config: options.resolveConfig?.(),
           });
           if (reclaimed) {
-            reset = await resetGeneration(identity);
+            reset = await resetGeneration();
           }
         }
         if (reset === "conflict") {
diff --git a/extensions/codex/index.ts b/extensions/codex/index.ts
index a02e915f02f8..92a617590dc4 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/index.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/index.ts
@@ -329,15 +329,21 @@ export default definePluginEntry({
         return;
       }
       const config = resolveCurrentConfig();
-      const { sessionBindingIdentity } = await import("./src/app-server/session-binding.js");
-      await bindingStore.retireSessionGeneration(
-        sessionBindingIdentity({
+      const [{ sessionBindingIdentity }, { retireCodexAppServerSessionGeneration }] =
+        await Promise.all([
+          import("./src/app-server/session-binding.js"),
+          import("./src/app-server/session-retirement.js"),
+        ]);
+      await retireCodexAppServerSessionGeneration({
+        bindingStore,
+        identity: sessionBindingIdentity({
           sessionId: event.sessionId,
           ...(sessionKey ? { sessionKey } : {}),
           ...(ctx.agentId ? { agentId: ctx.agentId } : {}),
           ...(config ? { config } : {}),
         }),
-      );
+        mode: "retire",
+      });
     });
   },
 });
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/client-runtime.test.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/client-runtime.test.ts
index 9423355ae54d..db212d0bd2c9 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/client-runtime.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/client-runtime.test.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import type { CodexAppServerClient } from "./client.js";
 import { createClientHarness } from "./test-support.js";
 
+const EXPECTED_LIVE_THREAD_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS = 30 * 60_000;
+const EXPECTED_MAX_IDLE_LIVE_THREADS = 64;
+
 const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   refreshAuth: vi.fn(async () => ({ accessToken: "refreshed", chatgptAccountId: "account" })),
   mergeRateLimitUpdate: vi.fn(),
@@ -18,6 +21,8 @@ vi.mock("./rate-limit-cache.js", () => ({
 const {
   consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread,
   ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime,
+  protectCodexAppServerLiveThread,
+  releaseCodexAppServerLiveThread,
   retainCodexAppServerLiveThread,
 } = await import("./client-runtime.js");
 
@@ -29,6 +34,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server client runtime", () => {
       client.close();
     }
     clients.length = 0;
+    vi.useRealTimers();
     mocks.refreshAuth.mockClear();
     mocks.mergeRateLimitUpdate.mockClear();
   });
@@ -55,7 +61,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server client runtime", () => {
 
     expect(addNotificationHandler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(addRequestHandler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(addCloseHandler).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(addCloseHandler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     harness.send({
       method: "account/rateLimits/updated",
       params: { rateLimits: { primary: { usedPercent: 12 } } },
@@ -104,76 +110,205 @@ describe("Codex app-server client runtime", () => {
     });
   });
 
-  it("retains and consumes only one subscribed thread per physical client", async () => {
+  it("retains independently subscribed conversations on the same physical client", async () => {
     const harness = createClientHarness();
     clients.push(harness.client);
 
     await expect(
       retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-before-runtime"),
-    ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+    ).resolves.toBe(false);
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(harness.client, { agentDir: "/tmp/agent" });
 
-    await expect(retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-1")).resolves.toEqual({});
-    await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-2")).resolves.toBe(false);
-    await expect(retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-2")).resolves.toEqual({
-      previousThreadId: "thread-1",
-    });
-    await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-1")).resolves.toBe(false);
-    await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-2")).resolves.toBe(true);
-    await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-2")).resolves.toBe(false);
+    await expect(retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-a")).resolves.toBe(true);
+    await expect(retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-b")).resolves.toBe(true);
+    await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-a")).resolves.toEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({ release: expect.any(Function) }),
+    );
+    await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-b")).resolves.toEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({ release: expect.any(Function) }),
+    );
+    await expect(
+      consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-a"),
+    ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
   });
 
-  it("waits for the old subscription to release before another thread can acquire it", async () => {
+  it("blocks only the exact thread whose subscription is being released", async () => {
     const harness = createClientHarness();
     clients.push(harness.client);
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(harness.client, { agentDir: "/tmp/agent" });
-    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-1");
 
     let finishRelease: (() => void) | undefined;
-    const previousRelease = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+    const pendingRelease = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
       finishRelease = resolve;
     });
-    const transition = retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(
-      harness.client,
-      "thread-2",
-      async () => previousRelease,
-    );
-    const oldThreadAcquisition = consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-1");
+    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-a", async () => pendingRelease);
+    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-b");
+    const release = releaseCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-a");
+    const sameThreadAcquisition = consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-a");
 
+    await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-b")).resolves.toEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({ release: expect.any(Function) }),
+    );
     finishRelease?.();
-    await expect(transition).resolves.toEqual({ previousThreadId: "thread-1" });
-    await expect(oldThreadAcquisition).resolves.toBe(false);
-    await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-2")).resolves.toBe(true);
+    await expect(release).resolves.toBe(true);
+    await expect(sameThreadAcquisition).resolves.toBeUndefined();
   });
 
-  it("does not expose either thread after a previous subscription release fails", async () => {
+  it("does not re-expose a failed release or discard an unrelated conversation", async () => {
     const harness = createClientHarness();
     clients.push(harness.client);
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(harness.client, { agentDir: "/tmp/agent" });
-    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-1");
+    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-a", async () => {
+      throw new Error("unsubscribe unavailable");
+    });
+    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-b");
 
+    await expect(releaseCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-a")).rejects.toThrow(
+      "unsubscribe unavailable",
+    );
     await expect(
-      retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-2", async () => {
-        throw new Error("unsubscribe unavailable");
-      }),
-    ).rejects.toThrow("unsubscribe unavailable");
-    await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-1")).resolves.toBe(false);
-    await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-2")).resolves.toBe(false);
+      consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-a"),
+    ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+    await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-b")).resolves.toEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({ release: expect.any(Function) }),
+    );
   });
 
-  it("reuses a retained subscription only for its complete configuration fingerprint", async () => {
+  it("transfers ownership only for the exact immutable thread fingerprint", async () => {
     const harness = createClientHarness();
     clients.push(harness.client);
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(harness.client, { agentDir: "/tmp/agent" });
 
     await expect(
       retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-1", undefined, "config-before"),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({});
+    ).resolves.toBe(true);
     await expect(
       consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-1", "config-after"),
-    ).resolves.toBe(false);
+    ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
     await expect(
       consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-1", "config-before"),
-    ).resolves.toBe(true);
+    ).resolves.toEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        configFingerprint: "config-before",
+        release: expect.any(Function),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("evicts only the oldest idle subscription at the per-client capacity", async () => {
+    const harness = createClientHarness();
+    clients.push(harness.client);
+    ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(harness.client, { agentDir: "/tmp/agent" });
+    const release = vi.fn(async (_threadId: string) => undefined);
+
+    for (let index = 0; index <= EXPECTED_MAX_IDLE_LIVE_THREADS; index += 1) {
+      await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, `thread-${index}`, release);
+    }
+
+    expect(release).toHaveBeenCalledExactlyOnceWith("thread-0");
+    await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-1")).resolves.toEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({ release }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("expires an idle subscription without keeping the process alive", async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    const harness = createClientHarness();
+    clients.push(harness.client);
+    ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(harness.client, { agentDir: "/tmp/agent" });
+    const release = vi.fn(async (_threadId: string) => undefined);
+    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-expired", release);
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(EXPECTED_LIVE_THREAD_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS - 1);
+    expect(release).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1);
+
+    expect(release).toHaveBeenCalledExactlyOnceWith("thread-expired");
+  });
+
+  it("protects native-child parents and renews their idle clock after the final child", async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    const harness = createClientHarness();
+    clients.push(harness.client);
+    ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(harness.client, { agentDir: "/tmp/agent" });
+    const release = vi.fn(async (_threadId: string) => undefined);
+    const unprotect = protectCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-parent");
+    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-parent", release);
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(EXPECTED_LIVE_THREAD_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS * 2);
+    expect(release).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    unprotect();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(EXPECTED_LIVE_THREAD_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS - 1);
+    expect(release).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1);
+
+    expect(release).toHaveBeenCalledExactlyOnceWith("thread-parent");
+  });
+
+  it("keeps protected parents outside the independent idle-conversation limit", async () => {
+    const harness = createClientHarness();
+    clients.push(harness.client);
+    ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(harness.client, { agentDir: "/tmp/agent" });
+    const release = vi.fn(async (_threadId: string) => undefined);
+    const unprotect: Array<() => void> = [];
+    for (let index = 0; index < EXPECTED_MAX_IDLE_LIVE_THREADS; index += 1) {
+      const threadId = `parent-${index}`;
+      unprotect.push(protectCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, threadId));
+      await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, threadId, release);
+    }
+    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "conversation-a", release);
+    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "conversation-b", release);
+
+    expect(release).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    for (const releaseProtection of unprotect) {
+      releaseProtection();
+    }
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(release).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+    expect(release).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, "conversation-a");
+    expect(release).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, "conversation-b");
+  });
+
+  it.each(["thread/archived", "thread/deleted", "thread/closed"])(
+    "discards only the exact thread after %s",
+    async (method) => {
+      const harness = createClientHarness();
+      clients.push(harness.client);
+      ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(harness.client, { agentDir: "/tmp/agent" });
+      await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-a");
+      await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-b");
+      const notificationObserved = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+        harness.client.addNotificationHandler((notification) => {
+          if (notification.method === method) {
+            resolve();
+          }
+        });
+      });
+
+      harness.send({ method, params: { threadId: "thread-a" } });
+      await notificationObserved;
+      await expect(
+        consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-a"),
+      ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+      await expect(consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-b")).resolves.toEqual(
+        expect.objectContaining({ release: expect.any(Function) }),
+      );
+    },
+  );
+
+  it("clears idle ownership and its timer when the physical client closes", async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    const harness = createClientHarness();
+    clients.push(harness.client);
+    ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(harness.client, { agentDir: "/tmp/agent" });
+    const release = vi.fn(async (_threadId: string) => undefined);
+    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-closed", release);
+
+    harness.client.close();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(EXPECTED_LIVE_THREAD_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+    expect(release).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    await expect(
+      consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(harness.client, "thread-closed"),
+    ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
   });
 });
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/client-runtime.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/client-runtime.ts
index 5de3c02fc1ec..7b31a7e59491 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/client-runtime.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/client-runtime.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /** Client-scoped Codex auth and account observers. */
 import { refreshCodexAppServerAuthTokens } from "./auth-bridge.js";
 import type { CodexAppServerClient } from "./client.js";
-import type { JsonValue } from "./protocol.js";
+import type { CodexServiceTier, JsonValue } from "./protocol.js";
 import { mergeCodexRateLimitsUpdate } from "./rate-limit-cache.js";
 import type { CodexAppServerAuthProfileLookup } from "./session-binding.js";
 
@@ -12,11 +12,30 @@ type ClientRuntimeContext = Omit<CodexAppServerAuthProfileLookup, "agentDir"> &
 
 type ClientRuntime = {
   context: ClientRuntimeContext;
-  retainedThreadId?: string;
-  retainedThreadConfigFingerprint?: string;
-  retainedThreadRelease?: Promise<void>;
+  retainedThreads: Map<string, RetainedLiveThread>;
+  releasingThreads: Map<string, Promise<void>>;
+  protectedThreads: Map<string, number>;
+  evictionTimer?: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
 };
 
+type RetainedLiveThread = {
+  configFingerprint?: string;
+  serviceTier?: CodexServiceTier | null;
+  expiresAt: number;
+  release: (threadId: string) => Promise<void>;
+};
+
+export type CodexAppServerLiveThreadOwnership = {
+  configFingerprint?: string;
+  serviceTier?: CodexServiceTier | null;
+  release: (threadId: string) => Promise<void>;
+};
+
+/** Match Codex's native grace window without retaining inactive conversations indefinitely. */
+const CODEX_APP_SERVER_LIVE_THREAD_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS = 30 * 60_000;
+/** Native-child parents are active ownership, so only otherwise-idle threads count against this cap. */
+const CODEX_APP_SERVER_LIVE_THREAD_MAX_IDLE = 64;
+
 const configuredClients = new WeakMap<CodexAppServerClient, ClientRuntime>();
 
 /** Installs one auth-refresh handler and one rate-limit observer per physical client. */
@@ -31,8 +50,21 @@ export function ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(
     existing.context = context;
     return;
   }
-  const runtime: ClientRuntime = { context };
+  const runtime: ClientRuntime = {
+    context,
+    retainedThreads: new Map(),
+    releasingThreads: new Map(),
+    protectedThreads: new Map(),
+  };
   configuredClients.set(client, runtime);
+  client.addCloseHandler(() => {
+    if (runtime.evictionTimer) {
+      clearTimeout(runtime.evictionTimer);
+      runtime.evictionTimer = undefined;
+    }
+    runtime.retainedThreads.clear();
+    runtime.protectedThreads.clear();
+  });
   client.addRequestHandler(async (request) => {
     if (request.method !== "account/chatgptAuthTokens/refresh") {
       return undefined;
@@ -52,68 +84,222 @@ export function ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(
   client.addNotificationHandler((notification) => {
     if (notification.method === "account/rateLimits/updated") {
       mergeCodexRateLimitsUpdate(client, notification.params);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (
+      notification.method === "thread/archived" ||
+      notification.method === "thread/deleted" ||
+      notification.method === "thread/closed"
+    ) {
+      const threadId = (notification.params as { threadId?: unknown } | undefined)?.threadId;
+      if (typeof threadId === "string") {
+        // Codex already removed server-side ownership; unsubscribing again can
+        // race a replacement, so only discard this exact local idle entry.
+        runtime.retainedThreads.delete(threadId);
+        scheduleRetainedThreadEviction(client, runtime);
+      }
     }
   });
 }
 
-/** Keep at most one idle, still-subscribed thread on a physical Codex client. */
+function scheduleRetainedThreadEviction(
+  client: CodexAppServerClient,
+  runtime: ClientRuntime,
+): void {
+  if (runtime.evictionTimer) {
+    clearTimeout(runtime.evictionTimer);
+    runtime.evictionTimer = undefined;
+  }
+  let expiresAt = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+  for (const [threadId, thread] of runtime.retainedThreads) {
+    if (!runtime.protectedThreads.has(threadId)) {
+      expiresAt = Math.min(expiresAt, thread.expiresAt);
+    }
+  }
+  if (!Number.isFinite(expiresAt)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  runtime.evictionTimer = setTimeout(
+    () => {
+      runtime.evictionTimer = undefined;
+      void evictExpiredRetainedThreads(client, runtime).catch(() => client.close());
+    },
+    Math.max(0, expiresAt - Date.now()),
+  );
+  runtime.evictionTimer.unref?.();
+}
+
+async function releaseRetainedThread(
+  client: CodexAppServerClient,
+  runtime: ClientRuntime,
+  threadId: string,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  const pendingRelease = runtime.releasingThreads.get(threadId);
+  if (pendingRelease) {
+    await pendingRelease;
+    return false;
+  }
+  const retained = runtime.retainedThreads.get(threadId);
+  if (!retained) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  runtime.retainedThreads.delete(threadId);
+  scheduleRetainedThreadEviction(client, runtime);
+  // Keep release ownership addressable until unsubscribe settles. Unrelated
+  // conversations must stay reusable while only this thread transitions.
+  const release = retained.release(threadId);
+  runtime.releasingThreads.set(threadId, release);
+  try {
+    await release;
+    return true;
+  } finally {
+    if (runtime.releasingThreads.get(threadId) === release) {
+      runtime.releasingThreads.delete(threadId);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function evictExpiredRetainedThreads(
+  client: CodexAppServerClient,
+  runtime: ClientRuntime,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const now = Date.now();
+  for (const [threadId, thread] of runtime.retainedThreads) {
+    if (thread.expiresAt <= now && !runtime.protectedThreads.has(threadId)) {
+      await releaseRetainedThread(client, runtime, threadId);
+    }
+  }
+  scheduleRetainedThreadEviction(client, runtime);
+}
+
+async function evictExcessIdleThreads(
+  client: CodexAppServerClient,
+  runtime: ClientRuntime,
+): Promise<void> {
+  let idleThreadIds = [...runtime.retainedThreads.keys()].filter(
+    (threadId) => !runtime.protectedThreads.has(threadId),
+  );
+  while (idleThreadIds.length > CODEX_APP_SERVER_LIVE_THREAD_MAX_IDLE) {
+    await releaseRetainedThread(client, runtime, idleThreadIds[0]!);
+    idleThreadIds = [...runtime.retainedThreads.keys()].filter(
+      (threadId) => !runtime.protectedThreads.has(threadId),
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+/** Retain separately owned Codex subscriptions; completing B must never cold-restart A. */
 export async function retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(
   client: CodexAppServerClient,
   threadId: string,
-  releasePreviousThread?: (previousThreadId: string) => Promise<void>,
-  configFingerprint?: string,
-): Promise<{ previousThreadId?: string } | undefined> {
-  const runtime = configuredClients.get(client);
-  if (!runtime) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-  if (runtime.retainedThreadRelease) {
-    await runtime.retainedThreadRelease;
-  }
-  const previousThreadId = runtime.retainedThreadId;
-  if (previousThreadId && previousThreadId !== threadId && releasePreviousThread) {
-    // Keep the old owner visible until its unsubscribe settles; concurrent
-    // lifecycle acquisition must never resume a thread being released.
-    const release = releasePreviousThread(previousThreadId);
-    runtime.retainedThreadRelease = release;
-    try {
-      await release;
-    } catch (error) {
-      runtime.retainedThreadId = undefined;
-      runtime.retainedThreadConfigFingerprint = undefined;
-      throw error;
-    } finally {
-      if (runtime.retainedThreadRelease === release) {
-        runtime.retainedThreadRelease = undefined;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  runtime.retainedThreadId = threadId;
-  runtime.retainedThreadConfigFingerprint = configFingerprint;
-  return previousThreadId ? { previousThreadId } : {};
-}
-
-/** A warm turn can skip resume only when this exact subscription was retained. */
-export async function consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(
-  client: CodexAppServerClient,
-  threadId: string,
+  releaseThread?: (threadId: string) => Promise<void>,
   configFingerprint?: string,
+  serviceTier?: CodexServiceTier | null,
 ): Promise<boolean> {
   const runtime = configuredClients.get(client);
   if (!runtime) {
     return false;
   }
-  if (runtime.retainedThreadRelease) {
-    await runtime.retainedThreadRelease;
+  const pendingRelease = runtime.releasingThreads.get(threadId);
+  if (pendingRelease) {
+    await pendingRelease;
   }
-  if (
-    runtime.retainedThreadId !== threadId ||
-    (configFingerprint !== undefined &&
-      runtime.retainedThreadConfigFingerprint !== configFingerprint)
-  ) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  runtime.retainedThreadId = undefined;
-  runtime.retainedThreadConfigFingerprint = undefined;
+  runtime.retainedThreads.delete(threadId);
+  runtime.retainedThreads.set(threadId, {
+    configFingerprint,
+    serviceTier,
+    expiresAt: Date.now() + CODEX_APP_SERVER_LIVE_THREAD_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    release:
+      releaseThread ??
+      (async (releasedThreadId) => {
+        await client.request(
+          "thread/unsubscribe",
+          { threadId: releasedThreadId },
+          { timeoutMs: 5_000 },
+        );
+      }),
+  });
+
+  // Map insertion order is the LRU. Active turns are claimed out of this map,
+  // and detached native-child parents are pinned until their final child settles.
+  await evictExcessIdleThreads(client, runtime);
+  scheduleRetainedThreadEviction(client, runtime);
   return true;
 }
+
+/** Transfer one idle subscription to its next turn or compaction without touching sibling threads. */
+export async function consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(
+  client: CodexAppServerClient,
+  threadId: string,
+  configFingerprint?: string,
+): Promise<CodexAppServerLiveThreadOwnership | undefined> {
+  const runtime = configuredClients.get(client);
+  if (!runtime) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const pendingRelease = runtime.releasingThreads.get(threadId);
+  if (pendingRelease) {
+    await pendingRelease;
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const retained = runtime.retainedThreads.get(threadId);
+  if (
+    !retained ||
+    (configFingerprint !== undefined && retained.configFingerprint !== configFingerprint)
+  ) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  runtime.retainedThreads.delete(threadId);
+  scheduleRetainedThreadEviction(client, runtime);
+  return {
+    configFingerprint: retained.configFingerprint,
+    serviceTier: retained.serviceTier,
+    release: retained.release,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Reset/end owns the exact thread; failed generation retirement must never release its successor. */
+export async function releaseCodexAppServerLiveThread(
+  client: CodexAppServerClient,
+  threadId: string,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  const runtime = configuredClients.get(client);
+  return runtime ? await releaseRetainedThread(client, runtime, threadId) : false;
+}
+
+/** Native child work pins its parent's subscription even after the foreground parent turn ends. */
+export function protectCodexAppServerLiveThread(
+  client: CodexAppServerClient,
+  threadId: string,
+): () => void {
+  const runtime = configuredClients.get(client);
+  if (!runtime) {
+    return () => undefined;
+  }
+  runtime.protectedThreads.set(threadId, (runtime.protectedThreads.get(threadId) ?? 0) + 1);
+  scheduleRetainedThreadEviction(client, runtime);
+  let protectedThread = true;
+  return () => {
+    if (!protectedThread) {
+      return;
+    }
+    protectedThread = false;
+    const count = runtime.protectedThreads.get(threadId) ?? 0;
+    if (count <= 1) {
+      runtime.protectedThreads.delete(threadId);
+      const retained = runtime.retainedThreads.get(threadId);
+      if (retained) {
+        // A detached child is live activity, not parent idleness. Its terminal
+        // delivery starts the parent's normal warm-session retention window.
+        runtime.retainedThreads.delete(threadId);
+        runtime.retainedThreads.set(threadId, {
+          ...retained,
+          expiresAt: Date.now() + CODEX_APP_SERVER_LIVE_THREAD_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS,
+        });
+      }
+    } else {
+      runtime.protectedThreads.set(threadId, count - 1);
+    }
+    scheduleRetainedThreadEviction(client, runtime);
+    void evictExcessIdleThreads(client, runtime).catch(() => client.close());
+  };
+}
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/compact.test.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/compact.test.ts
index cff6517f7c96..b5090d245ee4 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/compact.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/compact.test.ts
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ describe("maybeCompactCodexAppServerSession", () => {
     expect(details.completed).toBe(true);
   });
 
-  it("resubscribes an evicted session before compacting without displacing its sibling", async () => {
+  it("compacts a warm session without displacing its independently retained sibling", async () => {
     const fake = createFakeCodexClient();
     setCodexAppServerClientFactoryForTest(async () => fake.client);
     const sessionFile = await writeTestBinding();
@@ -229,19 +229,13 @@ describe("maybeCompactCodexAppServerSession", () => {
       compacted: true,
     });
 
-    expect(fake.request.mock.calls.map(([method]) => method)).toEqual([
-      "thread/resume",
-      "thread/compact/start",
-      "thread/unsubscribe",
-    ]);
-    expect(fake.request).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      "thread/resume",
-      { threadId: "thread-1", excludeTurns: true },
-      expect.objectContaining({ timeoutMs: expect.any(Number) }),
-    );
+    expect(fake.request.mock.calls.map(([method]) => method)).toEqual(["thread/compact/start"]);
+    await expect(
+      consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(fake.client, "thread-1", "config-thread-1"),
+    ).resolves.toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ configFingerprint: "config-thread-1" }));
     await expect(
       consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(fake.client, "thread-2", "config-thread-2"),
-    ).resolves.toBe(true);
+    ).resolves.toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ configFingerprint: "config-thread-2" }));
   });
 
   it("keeps an owned thread subscribed when a sibling finishes during compaction", async () => {
@@ -258,14 +252,17 @@ describe("maybeCompactCodexAppServerSession", () => {
     fake.completeCompaction();
 
     await expect(pending).resolves.toMatchObject({ ok: true, compacted: true });
-    expect(fake.request).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+    expect(fake.request).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       "thread/unsubscribe",
       { threadId: "thread-1" },
-      { timeoutMs: 5_000 },
+      expect.anything(),
     );
+    await expect(
+      consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(fake.client, "thread-1", "config-thread-1"),
+    ).resolves.toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ configFingerprint: "config-thread-1" }));
     await expect(
       consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(fake.client, "thread-2", "config-thread-2"),
-    ).resolves.toBe(true);
+    ).resolves.toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ configFingerprint: "config-thread-2" }));
   });
 
   it("preserves an incognito thread's separately owned live subscription", async () => {
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/compact.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/compact.ts
index 92f9da96c290..6b03fdb0fbb6 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/compact.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/compact.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,11 @@ import {
 } from "./attempt-client-cleanup.js";
 import { readCodexNotificationItem } from "./attempt-notifications.js";
 import { resolveCodexBindingAppServerConnection } from "./binding-connection.js";
-import { consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread } from "./client-runtime.js";
+import {
+  consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread,
+  retainCodexAppServerLiveThread,
+  type CodexAppServerLiveThreadOwnership,
+} from "./client-runtime.js";
 import { CodexAppServerRpcError, type CodexAppServerClient } from "./client.js";
 import {
   readCodexNotificationThreadId,
@@ -546,6 +550,8 @@ async function compactCodexNativeThread(
           config: params.config,
         });
         let releaseThreadSubscription: (() => Promise<void>) | undefined;
+        let retainedThreadOwnership: CodexAppServerLiveThreadOwnership | undefined;
+        let compactionSucceeded = false;
         const releaseCompactionThread = async (threadId: string) => {
           if (
             await unsubscribeCodexThreadBestEffort(client, {
@@ -608,7 +614,11 @@ async function compactCodexNativeThread(
           if (!isIncognitoSessionKey(params.sessionKey)) {
             // Remove any idle ownership first: sibling cleanup must not evict
             // this subscription while compaction still awaits terminal events.
-            if (!(await consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(client, binding.threadId))) {
+            retainedThreadOwnership = await consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(
+              client,
+              binding.threadId,
+            );
+            if (!retainedThreadOwnership) {
               await resumeCodexAppServerThread({
                 client,
                 abandonClient: async () => closeCodexStartupClientBestEffort(client),
@@ -732,6 +742,7 @@ async function compactCodexNativeThread(
             sessionId: params.sessionId,
             threadId: binding.threadId,
           });
+          compactionSucceeded = true;
         } catch (error) {
           if (isCodexThreadNotFoundError(error)) {
             return failedCodexThreadBindingCompactionResult(params, {
@@ -754,7 +765,32 @@ async function compactCodexNativeThread(
         } finally {
           completionWatch.cancel();
           try {
-            await releaseThreadSubscription?.();
+            if (compactionSucceeded && retainedThreadOwnership) {
+              const ownership = retainedThreadOwnership;
+              const currentBinding = await options.bindingStore.read(bindingIdentity);
+              // Reset uses this same generation lease; without it compaction
+              // could return an obsolete subscription after its owner ended.
+              const retained =
+                currentBinding?.threadId === binding.threadId &&
+                (await options.bindingStore.withLease(bindingIdentity, async () => {
+                  const leasedBinding = await options.bindingStore.read(bindingIdentity);
+                  if (leasedBinding?.threadId !== binding.threadId) {
+                    return false;
+                  }
+                  return await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(
+                    client,
+                    binding.threadId,
+                    ownership.release,
+                    ownership.configFingerprint,
+                    ownership.serviceTier,
+                  );
+                }));
+              if (!retained) {
+                await releaseThreadSubscription?.();
+              }
+            } else {
+              await releaseThreadSubscription?.();
+            }
           } finally {
             if (shouldReleaseDefaultLease) {
               releaseLeasedSharedCodexAppServerClient(client);
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/native-subagent-monitor.test.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/native-subagent-monitor.test.ts
index 7e12e09d1939..c2964f26f143 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/native-subagent-monitor.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/native-subagent-monitor.test.ts
@@ -333,6 +333,45 @@ function taskRecord(params: {
 }
 
 describe("CodexNativeSubagentMonitor", () => {
+  it("pins a parent subscription until its final independently running child settles", async () => {
+    const client = createClient();
+    const runtime = createRuntime();
+    const releaseParentThread = vi.fn();
+    const retainParentThread = vi.fn(() => releaseParentThread);
+    const monitor = new CodexNativeSubagentMonitor(client as never, runtime, {
+      retainParentThread,
+    });
+    const parent = registerParent(monitor);
+
+    await notifyChildStarted(client, "parent-thread", "child-a");
+    await notifyChildStarted(client, "parent-thread", "child-b");
+    parent.unregister();
+
+    expect(retainParentThread).toHaveBeenCalledExactlyOnceWith("parent-thread");
+    await client.notify(nativeCompletionNotification({ agentPath: "child-a" }));
+    expect(releaseParentThread).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    await client.notify(nativeCompletionNotification({ agentPath: "child-b" }));
+
+    expect(releaseParentThread).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    monitor.dispose();
+    expect(releaseParentThread).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+  });
+
+  it("releases detached parent subscription pins when its physical client closes", async () => {
+    const client = createClient();
+    const runtime = createRuntime();
+    const releaseParentThread = vi.fn();
+    const monitor = new CodexNativeSubagentMonitor(client as never, runtime, {
+      retainParentThread: () => releaseParentThread,
+    });
+    registerParent(monitor);
+    await notifyChildStarted(client);
+
+    client.close();
+
+    expect(releaseParentThread).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+  });
+
   it("keeps native subagent task mirroring on the shared client", async () => {
     const client = createClient();
     const runtime = createRuntime();
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/native-subagent-monitor.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/native-subagent-monitor.ts
index c018a0f673b4..9dab292dbc29 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/native-subagent-monitor.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/native-subagent-monitor.ts
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ type MonitorOptions = {
   completionDeliveryMaxRetries?: number;
   now?: () => number;
   retainClient?: () => (() => void) | undefined;
+  retainParentThread?: (threadId: string) => (() => void) | undefined;
 };
 
 const DEFAULT_RECOVERY_POLL_DELAYS_MS = [
@@ -153,11 +154,13 @@ function registerMonitor(params: {
   agentId?: string;
   runtime?: NativeSubagentMonitorRuntime;
   retainClient?: () => (() => void) | undefined;
+  retainParentThread?: (threadId: string) => (() => void) | undefined;
 }): { unregister: () => void } {
   let monitor = monitors.get(params.client);
   if (!monitor) {
     monitor = new Monitor(params.client, params.runtime ?? defaultRuntime, {
       retainClient: params.retainClient,
+      retainParentThread: params.retainParentThread,
     });
     monitors.set(params.client, monitor);
   }
@@ -183,6 +186,8 @@ class Monitor {
   private readonly removeNotificationHandler: () => void;
   private readonly removeCloseHandler: () => void;
   private readonly retainClient?: () => (() => void) | undefined;
+  private readonly retainParentThread?: (threadId: string) => (() => void) | undefined;
+  private readonly parentThreadRetentions = new Map<string, () => void>();
   private releaseClientRetention?: () => void;
   private disposed = false;
 
@@ -198,6 +203,7 @@ class Monitor {
       options.completionDeliveryMaxRetries ?? this.completionDeliveryRetryDelaysMs.length;
     this.now = options.now ?? Date.now;
     this.retainClient = options.retainClient;
+    this.retainParentThread = options.retainParentThread;
     this.removeNotificationHandler = client.addNotificationHandler(async (notification) => {
       if (!NATIVE_SUBAGENT_NOTIFICATION_METHODS.has(notification.method)) {
         return;
@@ -228,6 +234,10 @@ class Monitor {
       this.unregisterChild(childState);
     }
     this.releaseRetainedClient();
+    for (const release of this.parentThreadRetentions.values()) {
+      release();
+    }
+    this.parentThreadRetentions.clear();
     for (const state of this.parentStates.values()) {
       state.ownerCount = 0;
     }
@@ -999,6 +1009,14 @@ class Monitor {
     }
     if (!childState) {
       this.releaseClientRetention ??= this.retainClient?.();
+      if (!this.parentThreadRetentions.has(parentThreadId)) {
+        const releaseParentThread = this.retainParentThread?.(parentThreadId);
+        if (releaseParentThread) {
+          // Child completion can be announced on its parent's subscription
+          // after the foreground parent turn has already released ownership.
+          this.parentThreadRetentions.set(parentThreadId, releaseParentThread);
+        }
+      }
       childState = {
         childThreadId,
         parentThreadId,
@@ -1062,6 +1080,15 @@ class Monitor {
     if (this.childStates.get(childState.childThreadId) === childState) {
       this.childStates.delete(childState.childThreadId);
     }
+    if (
+      ![...this.childStates.values()].some(
+        (remainingChild) => remainingChild.parentThreadId === childState.parentThreadId,
+      )
+    ) {
+      const releaseParentThread = this.parentThreadRetentions.get(childState.parentThreadId);
+      this.parentThreadRetentions.delete(childState.parentThreadId);
+      releaseParentThread?.();
+    }
     const statusRevision = this.threadStatusRevisions.get(childState.childThreadId);
     if (statusRevision?.readers === 0) {
       this.threadStatusRevisions.delete(childState.childThreadId);
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-cleanup.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-cleanup.ts
index ceec7aad4e25..94ce6a46b0fb 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-cleanup.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-cleanup.ts
@@ -96,26 +96,38 @@ export async function cleanupCodexAttempt(
     resourceState.thread.connectionScope !== "supervision" &&
     !resourceState.thread.ringZeroConfigFingerprint &&
     !resourceState.thread.contextEngine
-      ? await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(
-          resourceState.client,
-          resourceState.thread.threadId,
-          async (previousThreadId) => {
-            const released = await unsubscribeCodexThreadBestEffort(resourceState.client, {
-              threadId: previousThreadId,
-              timeoutMs: CODEX_APP_SERVER_UNSUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT_MS,
-            });
-            if (!released) {
-              await closeCodexStartupClientBestEffort(resourceState.client);
-              throw new CodexAppServerUnsafeSubscriptionError(
-                `Codex retained thread subscription could not be released: ${previousThreadId}`,
-              );
-            }
-          },
-          resourceState.thread.liveThreadConfigFingerprint,
-        )
-      : undefined;
-  // Replacement waits for the prior unsubscribe before publishing a new slot.
-  const retainLiveThread = retainLiveIncognitoThread || retainedPersistentThread !== undefined;
+      ? (await bindingStore.read(bindingIdentity))?.threadId === resourceState.thread.threadId &&
+        (await bindingStore.withLease(bindingIdentity, async () => {
+          // Reset/end uses this same generation lease. Never publish an old
+          // active turn after its session binding has already been retired.
+          if (
+            (await bindingStore.read(bindingIdentity))?.threadId !== resourceState.thread.threadId
+          ) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          return await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(
+            resourceState.client,
+            resourceState.thread.threadId,
+            async (threadId) => {
+              const released = await unsubscribeCodexThreadBestEffort(resourceState.client, {
+                threadId,
+                timeoutMs: CODEX_APP_SERVER_UNSUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT_MS,
+              });
+              if (!released) {
+                await closeCodexStartupClientBestEffort(resourceState.client);
+                throw new CodexAppServerUnsafeSubscriptionError(
+                  `Codex retained thread subscription could not be released: ${threadId}`,
+                );
+              }
+            },
+            resourceState.thread.liveThreadConfigFingerprint,
+            connection.mutable.pluginAppServer.serviceTier,
+          );
+        }))
+      : false;
+  // Codex keeps approvals in its native session; independent conversations
+  // must retain their own subscriptions instead of evicting one another.
+  const retainLiveThread = retainLiveIncognitoThread || retainedPersistentThread;
   const bindingReleased =
     isIncognitoSessionKey(params.sessionKey) && !retainLiveIncognitoThread
       ? await bindingStore.mutate(bindingIdentity, {
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-resources.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-resources.ts
index 310852118b20..6f2a0b31a3de 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-resources.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-resources.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   type NativeHookRelayRegistrationHandle,
 } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/agent-harness-runtime";
 import { resolveCodexStartupTimeoutMs } from "./attempt-timeouts.js";
+import { protectCodexAppServerLiveThread } from "./client-runtime.js";
 import type { CodexAppServerClient } from "./client.js";
 import { resolveCodexToolAbortTerminalReason } from "./dynamic-tool-execution.js";
 import { CodexAppServerEventProjector } from "./event-projector.js";
@@ -170,6 +171,8 @@ export function prepareCodexAttemptResources(prompt: CodexAttemptPrompt) {
       taskRuntimeScope: params.agentHarnessTaskRuntimeScope,
       agentId: sessionAgentId,
       retainClient: () => retainSharedCodexAppServerClientIfCurrent(state.client),
+      retainParentThread: (protectedThreadId) =>
+        protectCodexAppServerLiveThread(state.client, protectedThreadId),
     });
   };
   const releaseCurrentRoute = () => {
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-thread-cleanup.test.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-thread-cleanup.test.ts
index 57d3914d7bef..d31f3361a579 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-thread-cleanup.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-thread-cleanup.test.ts
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ import {
 } from "./run-attempt-test-harness.js";
 import {
   readCodexAppServerBinding,
+  sessionBindingIdentity,
   testCodexAppServerBindingStore,
 } from "./session-binding.test-helpers.js";
+import { retireCodexAppServerSessionGeneration } from "./session-retirement.js";
 import {
   resetSharedCodexAppServerClientForTests,
   retainSharedCodexAppServerClientIfCurrent,
@@ -60,21 +62,33 @@ function createParams(
 async function waitForHarnessRequest(
   harness: ReturnType<typeof createClientHarness>,
   method: string,
-): Promise<{ id: number | string }> {
-  let request: { id?: number | string; method?: string } | undefined;
+  startIndex = 0,
+): Promise<{ id: number | string; params?: unknown }> {
+  let request: { id?: number | string; method?: string; params?: unknown } | undefined;
   await vi.waitFor(
     () => {
       request = harness.writes
-        .map((write) => JSON.parse(write) as { id?: number | string; method?: string })
+        .slice(startIndex)
+        .map(
+          (write) =>
+            JSON.parse(write) as { id?: number | string; method?: string; params?: unknown },
+        )
         .find((message) => message.method === method);
-      expect(request?.id).toBeDefined();
+      expect(
+        request?.id,
+        `expected ${method} after write ${startIndex}; observed ${JSON.stringify(
+          harness.writes
+            .slice(startIndex)
+            .map((write) => (JSON.parse(write) as { method: string }).method),
+        )}`,
+      ).toBeDefined();
     },
     { interval: 1, timeout: 5_000 },
   );
   if (request?.id === undefined) {
     throw new Error(`Codex harness did not write ${method}`);
   }
-  return { id: request.id };
+  return { id: request.id, params: request.params };
 }
 
 setupRunAttemptTestHooks();
@@ -166,44 +180,127 @@ describe("Codex app-server main thread cleanup", () => {
     expect(requests.map((entry) => entry.method)).toEqual(["thread/start", "turn/start"]);
   });
 
+  it("keeps alternating conversations subscribed on their shared physical Codex client", async () => {
+    const workspaceDir = path.join(tempDir, "shared-workspace");
+    const sessionFiles = {
+      a: path.join(tempDir, "session-a.jsonl"),
+      b: path.join(tempDir, "session-b.jsonl"),
+    };
+    const harness = createClientHarness();
+    vi.spyOn(CodexAppServerClient, "start").mockReturnValue(harness.client);
+
+    for (const [index, label] of (["a", "b", "a", "b"] as const).entries()) {
+      const sessionKey = `agent:main:session-${label}`;
+      const params = createParams(sessionFiles[label], workspaceDir, sessionKey);
+      params.sessionId = `session-${label}`;
+      params.runId = `run-${index + 1}`;
+      params.provider = "openai";
+      // Ordinary Codex conversations retain their native tool surface; a
+      // disableTools turn is intentionally isolated on a temporary thread.
+      params.disableTools = false;
+      const requestStart = harness.writes.length;
+      const run = runCodexAppServerAttempt(params, {
+        bindingStore: testCodexAppServerBindingStore,
+      });
+      if (index === 0) {
+        const initialize = await waitForHarnessRequest(harness, "initialize", requestStart);
+        harness.send({
+          id: initialize.id,
+          result: { userAgent: `openclaw/${CODEX_APP_SERVER_VERSION} (macOS; test)` },
+        });
+      }
+      const threadId = `thread-${label}`;
+      if (index < 2) {
+        const start = await waitForHarnessRequest(harness, "thread/start", requestStart);
+        harness.send({ id: start.id, result: threadStartResult(threadId, { cwd: workspaceDir }) });
+      }
+      const turn = await waitForHarnessRequest(harness, "turn/start", requestStart);
+      const turnId = `turn-${index + 1}`;
+      harness.send({ id: turn.id, result: turnStartResult(turnId) });
+      harness.send({
+        method: "turn/completed",
+        params: { threadId, turnId, turn: { id: turnId, status: "completed" } },
+      });
+      expect(readAttemptTerminal(await run).aborted).toBe(false);
+    }
+
+    const userRequestMethods = () =>
+      harness.writes
+        .map((write) => (JSON.parse(write) as { method: string }).method)
+        .filter((method) => method !== "initialize" && method !== "initialized");
+    expect(userRequestMethods()).toEqual([
+      "thread/start",
+      "turn/start",
+      "thread/start",
+      "turn/start",
+      "turn/start",
+      "turn/start",
+    ]);
+    await expect(readCodexAppServerBinding(sessionFiles.a)).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      threadId: "thread-a",
+    });
+    await expect(readCodexAppServerBinding(sessionFiles.b)).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      threadId: "thread-b",
+    });
+
+    const retirementStart = harness.writes.length;
+    const retirement = retireCodexAppServerSessionGeneration({
+      bindingStore: testCodexAppServerBindingStore,
+      identity: sessionBindingIdentity({
+        agentId: "main",
+        sessionId: "session-a",
+        sessionKey: "agent:main:session-a",
+      }),
+      mode: "reset",
+    });
+    const unsubscribe = await waitForHarnessRequest(harness, "thread/unsubscribe", retirementStart);
+    expect(unsubscribe.params).toEqual({ threadId: "thread-a" });
+    harness.send({ id: unsubscribe.id, result: {} });
+    await expect(retirement).resolves.toBe("applied");
+
+    const siblingParams = createParams(sessionFiles.b, workspaceDir, "agent:main:session-b");
+    siblingParams.sessionId = "session-b";
+    siblingParams.runId = "run-surviving-sibling";
+    siblingParams.provider = "openai";
+    siblingParams.disableTools = false;
+    const siblingRequestStart = harness.writes.length;
+    const siblingRun = runCodexAppServerAttempt(siblingParams, {
+      bindingStore: testCodexAppServerBindingStore,
+    });
+    const siblingTurn = await waitForHarnessRequest(harness, "turn/start", siblingRequestStart);
+    harness.send({ id: siblingTurn.id, result: turnStartResult("turn-5") });
+    harness.send({
+      method: "turn/completed",
+      params: {
+        threadId: "thread-b",
+        turnId: "turn-5",
+        turn: { id: "turn-5", status: "completed" },
+      },
+    });
+    expect(readAttemptTerminal(await siblingRun).aborted).toBe(false);
+    expect(userRequestMethods().slice(-2)).toEqual(["thread/unsubscribe", "turn/start"]);
+  });
+
   it("keeps an incognito thread subscribed for live in-process reuse", async () => {
     const sessionFile = path.join(tempDir, "incognito-session.jsonl");
     const workspaceDir = path.join(tempDir, "incognito-workspace");
     const sessionKey = "agent:main:dashboard:incognito-live-thread";
-    const requests: Array<{ method: string; params: unknown }> = [];
-    let notify: (notification: CodexServerNotification) => Promise<void> = async () => undefined;
-    const request = vi.fn(async (method: string, params?: unknown) => {
-      requests.push({ method, params });
-      if (method === "thread/start") {
-        return threadStartResult();
-      }
-      if (method === "turn/start") {
-        return turnStartResult();
-      }
-      return {};
-    });
-    const clientFactory: CodexAppServerClientFactory = multiplexedClientFactory(async () => {
-      return {
-        ...mockClientRuntimeMethods(),
-        request,
-        addNotificationHandler: (handler: typeof notify) => {
-          notify = handler;
-          return () => undefined;
-        },
-        addRequestHandler: () => () => undefined,
-        addCloseHandler: () => () => undefined,
-      } as never;
-    });
-
+    const harness = createClientHarness();
+    vi.spyOn(CodexAppServerClient, "start").mockReturnValueOnce(harness.client);
     const run = runCodexAppServerAttempt(createParams(sessionFile, workspaceDir, sessionKey), {
       bindingStore: testCodexAppServerBindingStore,
-      clientFactory,
     });
-    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(requests.map((entry) => entry.method)).toContain("turn/start"), {
-      interval: 1,
-      timeout: 5_000,
+    const initialize = await waitForHarnessRequest(harness, "initialize");
+    harness.send({
+      id: initialize.id,
+      result: { userAgent: `openclaw/${CODEX_APP_SERVER_VERSION} (macOS; test)` },
     });
-    await notify({
+    const start = await waitForHarnessRequest(harness, "thread/start");
+    expect(start.params).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ ephemeral: true }));
+    harness.send({ id: start.id, result: threadStartResult() });
+    const turn = await waitForHarnessRequest(harness, "turn/start");
+    harness.send({ id: turn.id, result: turnStartResult() });
+    harness.send({
       method: "turn/completed",
       params: {
         threadId: "thread-1",
@@ -214,8 +311,21 @@ describe("Codex app-server main thread cleanup", () => {
 
     const result = await run;
     expect(readAttemptTerminal(result)).toMatchObject({ aborted: false, timedOut: false });
-    expect(requests.map((entry) => entry.method)).toEqual(["thread/start", "turn/start"]);
-    expect(requests[0]?.params).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ ephemeral: true }));
+    await expect(readCodexAppServerBinding(sessionFile)).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      threadId: "thread-1",
+      clientId: harness.client.getInstanceId(),
+    });
+
+    const requestStart = harness.writes.length;
+    const retirement = retireCodexAppServerSessionGeneration({
+      bindingStore: testCodexAppServerBindingStore,
+      identity: sessionBindingIdentity({ agentId: "main", sessionId: "session-1", sessionKey }),
+      mode: "retire",
+    });
+    const unsubscribe = await waitForHarnessRequest(harness, "thread/unsubscribe", requestStart);
+    expect(unsubscribe.params).toEqual({ threadId: "thread-1" });
+    harness.send({ id: unsubscribe.id, result: {} });
+    await expect(retirement).resolves.toBe("applied");
   });
 
   it.each([
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-turn-request.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-turn-request.ts
index fb163c8e4584..c0115a663550 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-turn-request.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/run-attempt-turn-request.ts
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ export async function prepareCodexAttemptTurnRequest(
       promptText: turnState.codexTurnPromptText,
       sandboxPolicy: resourceState.codexSandboxPolicy,
       environmentSelection: resourceState.codexEnvironmentSelection,
+      clearInheritedServiceTier: resourceState.thread.clearInheritedServiceTier,
       ...(usesSupervisionConnection
         ? {}
         : { model: resourceState.thread.model, modelProvider: resourceState.thread.modelProvider }),
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/session-retirement.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/session-retirement.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..af6c3b84fbb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/session-retirement.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { isIncognitoSessionKey } from "../incognito-session.js";
+import {
+  CODEX_APP_SERVER_UNSUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  closeCodexStartupClientBestEffort,
+  CodexAppServerUnsafeSubscriptionError,
+  unsubscribeCodexThreadBestEffort,
+} from "./attempt-client-cleanup.js";
+import { releaseCodexAppServerLiveThread } from "./client-runtime.js";
+import type {
+  CodexAppServerBindingIdentity,
+  CodexAppServerBindingStore,
+  CodexSessionGenerationRetirementResult,
+} from "./session-binding.js";
+import { retainSharedCodexAppServerClientByInstanceId } from "./shared-client.js";
+
+/** Retire binding and native subscription under the same generation/physical-client ownership fence. */
+export async function retireCodexAppServerSessionGeneration(params: {
+  bindingStore: CodexAppServerBindingStore;
+  identity: Extract<CodexAppServerBindingIdentity, { kind: "session" }>;
+  mode: "reset" | "retire";
+}): Promise<CodexSessionGenerationRetirementResult> {
+  const retireGeneration = () =>
+    params.mode === "reset"
+      ? params.bindingStore.resetSessionGeneration(params.identity)
+      : params.bindingStore.retireSessionGeneration(params.identity);
+  const expectedBinding = await params.bindingStore.read(params.identity);
+  if (!expectedBinding) {
+    // Leasing an absent/retired row manufactures state or rejects its fence;
+    // callers need the original absent/conflict result for reset reclamation.
+    return await retireGeneration();
+  }
+  return await params.bindingStore.withLease(params.identity, async () => {
+    const binding = await params.bindingStore.read(params.identity);
+    if (binding?.threadId !== expectedBinding.threadId) {
+      return "conflict";
+    }
+    const result = await retireGeneration();
+    if (result !== "applied" || !binding?.clientId) {
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    // Locate the original physical client only after its exact binding was
+    // retired; delayed reset events must never unsubscribe a newer generation.
+    const clientLease = retainSharedCodexAppServerClientByInstanceId(binding.clientId);
+    if (!clientLease) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    try {
+      const released = await releaseCodexAppServerLiveThread(clientLease.client, binding.threadId);
+      if (!released && isIncognitoSessionKey(params.identity.sessionKey)) {
+        // Ephemeral threads have no rollout to resume, so they intentionally
+        // bypass idle eviction but still end with their owning OpenClaw session.
+        const unsubscribed = await unsubscribeCodexThreadBestEffort(clientLease.client, {
+          threadId: binding.threadId,
+          timeoutMs: CODEX_APP_SERVER_UNSUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT_MS,
+        });
+        if (!unsubscribed) {
+          await closeCodexStartupClientBestEffort(clientLease.client);
+          throw new CodexAppServerUnsafeSubscriptionError(
+            `Codex retired session subscription could not be released: ${binding.threadId}`,
+          );
+        }
+      }
+    } finally {
+      clientLease.release();
+    }
+    return result;
+  });
+}
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-binding-policy.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-binding-policy.ts
index 55ea2fc696cc..5893e2f52285 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-binding-policy.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-binding-policy.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export function shouldRotateCodexAppServerBindingForRuntime(params: {
 
 type CodexGpt56MultiAgentVersion = "v1" | "v2";
 
-function resolveCodexGpt56MultiAgentVersion(
+export function resolveCodexGpt56MultiAgentVersion(
   modelRef: string | undefined,
 ): CodexGpt56MultiAgentVersion | undefined {
   let modelId = modelRef?.trim().toLowerCase();
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-fingerprints.test.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-fingerprints.test.ts
index 68e7bc958472..968756e232d5 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-fingerprints.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-fingerprints.test.ts
@@ -101,13 +101,10 @@ describe("fingerprintCodexThreadConfig", () => {
   });
 
   it.each<{ setting: string; patch: JsonObject }>([
-    { setting: "model", patch: { model: "gpt-5.6-terra" } },
     { setting: "model provider", patch: { modelProvider: "custom" } },
     { setting: "requested model provider", patch: { requestedModelProvider: "custom" } },
-    { setting: "approval policy", patch: { approvalPolicy: "on-request" } },
-    { setting: "approval reviewer", patch: { approvalsReviewer: "guardian" } },
-    { setting: "sandbox", patch: { sandbox: "read-only" } },
-    { setting: "service tier", patch: { serviceTier: "flex" } },
+    { setting: "native multi-agent generation", patch: { model: "gpt-5.6-luna" } },
+    { setting: "named permissions profile", patch: { permissions: "read-only" } },
     { setting: "base instructions", patch: { baseInstructions: "Different base policy." } },
     { setting: "developer instructions", patch: { developerInstructions: "Different policy." } },
     { setting: "effective config", patch: { config: { features: { hooks: false } } } },
@@ -129,19 +126,20 @@ describe("fingerprintCodexThreadConfig", () => {
     );
   });
 
-  it("distinguishes an omitted service tier from an explicit clear", () => {
-    const { serviceTier: _serviceTier, ...withoutServiceTier } = request;
-
-    expect(fingerprintCodexThreadConfig(withoutServiceTier, "openai:personal")).not.toBe(
-      fingerprintCodexThreadConfig({ ...withoutServiceTier, serviceTier: null }, "openai:personal"),
+  it.each<{ setting: string; patch: JsonObject }>([
+    { setting: "model", patch: { model: "gpt-5.6-terra" } },
+    { setting: "requested model", patch: { requestedModel: null } },
+    { setting: "approval policy", patch: { approvalPolicy: "on-request" } },
+    { setting: "approval reviewer", patch: { approvalsReviewer: "guardian" } },
+    { setting: "sandbox", patch: { sandbox: "read-only" } },
+    { setting: "service tier", patch: { serviceTier: "flex" } },
+    { setting: "personality", patch: { personality: "friendly" } },
+    { setting: "working directory", patch: { cwd: "/other/workspace" } },
+  ])("preserves the native session when turn/start changes $setting", ({ patch }) => {
+    expect(fingerprintCodexThreadConfig({ ...request, ...patch }, "openai:personal")).toBe(
+      fingerprintCodexThreadConfig(request, "openai:personal"),
     );
   });
-
-  it("preserves an explicitly omitted native model selection", () => {
-    expect(
-      fingerprintCodexThreadConfig({ ...request, requestedModel: null }, "openai:personal"),
-    ).not.toBe(fingerprintCodexThreadConfig(request, "openai:personal"));
-  });
 });
 
 describe("readActiveCodexTurnIdsFromResume", () => {
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-fingerprints.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-fingerprints.ts
index c2e0afdb9685..8bda7669d2df 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-fingerprints.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-fingerprints.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
   type JsonValue,
 } from "./protocol.js";
 import { hashCodexAppServerBindingFingerprint } from "./session-binding.js";
+import { resolveCodexGpt56MultiAgentVersion } from "./thread-binding-policy.js";
 
 export function codexDynamicToolsFingerprint(dynamicTools: CodexDynamicToolSpec[]): string {
   return fingerprintDynamicTools(dynamicTools);
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ export function fingerprintJsonObject(value: JsonObject): string {
   return JSON.stringify(stabilizeJsonValue(value));
 }
 
-/** Hash every resume-visible setting without retaining config, credentials, or instructions. */
+/** Hash thread-creation identity; settings already applied by turn/start must not restart Codex. */
 export function fingerprintCodexThreadConfig(
   request: JsonObject,
   authProfileId?: string,
@@ -95,20 +96,24 @@ export function fingerprintCodexThreadConfig(
     fingerprintJsonObject({
       authProfileId: authProfileId ?? null,
       dynamicToolsFingerprint: dynamicToolsFingerprint ?? null,
-      model: request.model ?? null,
-      requestedModel:
-        request.requestedModel === undefined ? (request.model ?? null) : request.requestedModel,
+      // Codex fixes its model-selected native multi-agent generation for the
+      // whole session; only same-generation model changes are turn-mutable.
+      nativeMultiAgentVersion:
+        resolveCodexGpt56MultiAgentVersion(
+          typeof request.requestedModel === "string"
+            ? request.requestedModel
+            : typeof request.model === "string"
+              ? request.model
+              : undefined,
+        ) ?? null,
       modelProvider: request.modelProvider ?? null,
       requestedModelProvider:
         request.requestedModelProvider === undefined
           ? (request.modelProvider ?? null)
           : request.requestedModelProvider,
-      approvalPolicy: request.approvalPolicy ?? null,
-      approvalsReviewer: request.approvalsReviewer ?? null,
-      sandbox: request.sandbox ?? null,
+      // Named permission profiles are not currently forwarded by turn/start,
+      // so changing one still requires recreating the native thread.
       permissions: request.permissions ?? null,
-      personality: request.personality ?? null,
-      serviceTier: request.serviceTier === undefined ? "<omitted>" : request.serviceTier,
       baseInstructions: request.baseInstructions ?? null,
       developerInstructions: request.developerInstructions ?? null,
       config: request.config ?? {},
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle-run.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle-run.ts
index bee5658ac9a7..0e966b05ad5d 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle-run.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle-run.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
   type CodexAppServerPendingSupervisionBranch,
   type CodexAppServerThreadBinding,
 } from "./session-binding.js";
+import { retainSharedCodexAppServerClientByInstanceId } from "./shared-client.js";
 import {
   isTransientWebSearchRestriction,
   shouldRecheckRecoverablePluginBinding,
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ export async function startOrResumeThread(
       params.bindingStore.read(bindingIdentity),
     );
     const initialBoundThreadId = binding?.threadId;
+    const initialBoundClientId = binding?.clientId;
     const normalizeBindingModelProvider = (
       authProfileId: string | undefined,
       modelProvider: string | undefined,
@@ -95,13 +97,35 @@ export async function startOrResumeThread(
         config: params.params.config,
       });
     const throwIfAborted = () => throwIfCodexThreadLifecycleAborted(params.signal);
-    const releaseRetainedThread = (threadId: string) =>
-      releaseCodexRetainedLiveThread({
+    const releaseRetainedThread = async (
+      threadId: string,
+      ownerClientId = initialBoundClientId,
+    ) => {
+      if (ownerClientId && ownerClientId !== clientId) {
+        // Auth/runtime rotation selects a new physical client, but its map
+        // cannot release a subscription owned by the previous app-server.
+        const previousClient = retainSharedCodexAppServerClientByInstanceId(ownerClientId);
+        if (!previousClient) {
+          return;
+        }
+        try {
+          await releaseCodexRetainedLiveThread({
+            client: previousClient.client,
+            lifecycleTiming,
+            threadId,
+          });
+        } finally {
+          previousClient.release();
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      await releaseCodexRetainedLiveThread({
         client: params.client,
         abandonClient: params.abandonClient,
         lifecycleTiming,
         threadId,
       });
+    };
     if (!binding && bindingIdentity.kind === "session" && bindingIdentity.sessionKey) {
       // Reset may rotate the OpenClaw session while this plugin is unloaded. Only
       // the authoritative session store may let its successor displace that stale owner.
@@ -621,7 +645,7 @@ export async function startOrResumeThread(
       }
     }
 
-    if (initialBoundThreadId) {
+    if (initialBoundThreadId && !preserveExistingBinding) {
       await releaseRetainedThread(initialBoundThreadId);
     }
     return await startFreshCodexThread(params, {
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle-types.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle-types.ts
index f49efb31767c..b3d1eea59e52 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle-types.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle-types.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ type CodexAppServerThreadLifecycle = {
 export type CodexAppServerThreadLifecycleBinding = CodexAppServerThreadBinding & {
   lifecycle: CodexAppServerThreadLifecycle;
   liveThreadConfigFingerprint?: string;
+  clearInheritedServiceTier?: true;
 };
 
 type CodexThreadFinalConfigPatchDecision =
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle-warm.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle-warm.ts
index 4d306146a2af..a2ac33d899f9 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle-warm.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle-warm.ts
@@ -196,26 +196,27 @@ export async function tryReuseCodexLiveThread(
     resumeAuthProfileId,
     dynamicToolsFingerprint,
   );
-  if (
-    !(await consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(
-      params.client,
-      binding.threadId,
-      liveThreadConfigFingerprint,
-    ))
-  ) {
+  const retainedThread = await consumeCodexAppServerLiveThread(
+    params.client,
+    binding.threadId,
+    liveThreadConfigFingerprint,
+  );
+  if (!retainedThread) {
     return { prebuiltFinalConfigPatch };
   }
 
   try {
     const nativeHookRelayGeneration =
       prebuiltFinalConfigPatch.nativeHookRelayGeneration ?? binding.nativeHookRelayGeneration;
+    const model = startModelSelection.model;
     // Validate ownership even when relay generation is unchanged; reset may
-    // have replaced the persisted binding since it was first read.
+    // have replaced the persisted binding since it was first read. Model and
+    // cwd are sticky turn settings, so future turns and /btw need current facts.
     const committed = await lifecycleTiming.measure("warm-thread-write-binding", () =>
       params.bindingStore.mutate(bindingIdentity, {
         kind: "patch",
         threadId: binding.threadId,
-        patch: { nativeHookRelayGeneration },
+        patch: { cwd: params.cwd, model, nativeHookRelayGeneration },
       }),
     );
     if (!committed) {
@@ -233,8 +234,13 @@ export async function tryReuseCodexLiveThread(
     return {
       binding: {
         ...binding,
+        cwd: params.cwd,
+        model,
         nativeHookRelayGeneration,
         liveThreadConfigFingerprint,
+        ...(retainedThread.serviceTier && resumeParams.serviceTier === undefined
+          ? { clearInheritedServiceTier: true }
+          : {}),
         lifecycle: { action: "resumed" },
       },
       prebuiltFinalConfigPatch,
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle.binding.test.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle.binding.test.ts
index b8c40fc86445..b621b1f0fab3 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle.binding.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle.binding.test.ts
@@ -346,6 +346,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
       request,
       addNotificationHandler: () => () => undefined,
       addRequestHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addCloseHandler: () => () => undefined,
     } as never;
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(client, { agentDir: workspaceDir });
     const buildFinalConfigPatch = vi
@@ -370,7 +371,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
         undefined,
         started.liveThreadConfigFingerprint,
       ),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({});
+    ).resolves.toBe(true);
     const reused = await startOrResumeThread(common);
 
     expect(started).toMatchObject({
@@ -435,6 +436,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
       request,
       addNotificationHandler: () => () => undefined,
       addRequestHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addCloseHandler: () => () => undefined,
     } as never;
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(client, { agentDir: workspaceDir });
     const common = {
@@ -454,7 +456,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
         undefined,
         started.liveThreadConfigFingerprint,
       ),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({});
+    ).resolves.toBe(true);
     await expect(startOrResumeThread(common)).resolves.toMatchObject({
       threadId: "thread-warm-isolated",
       lifecycle: { action: "resumed" },
@@ -470,6 +472,57 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it("refreshes model and workspace ownership when reusing a turn-mutable native session", async () => {
+    const sessionFile = path.join(tempDir, "warm-model-workspace.jsonl");
+    const originalWorkspace = path.join(tempDir, "workspace-original");
+    const currentWorkspace = path.join(tempDir, "workspace-current");
+    const params = createParams(sessionFile, originalWorkspace);
+    const request = vi.fn(async (method: string) => {
+      if (method === "thread/start") {
+        return threadStartResult("thread-warm-model-workspace", { cwd: originalWorkspace });
+      }
+      throw new Error(`unexpected method: ${method}`);
+    });
+    const client = {
+      getInstanceId: () => "client-warm-model-workspace",
+      request,
+      addNotificationHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addRequestHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addCloseHandler: () => () => undefined,
+    } as never;
+    ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(client, { agentDir: originalWorkspace });
+    const common = {
+      client,
+      params,
+      cwd: originalWorkspace,
+      dynamicTools: [],
+      appServer: createThreadLifecycleAppServerOptions(),
+      userMcpServersEnabled: false,
+    };
+    const started = await startOrResumeThread(common);
+    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(
+      client,
+      started.threadId,
+      undefined,
+      started.liveThreadConfigFingerprint,
+    );
+    params.modelId = "gpt-5.5";
+    params.workspaceDir = currentWorkspace;
+
+    const reused = await startOrResumeThread({ ...common, cwd: currentWorkspace });
+
+    expect(request.mock.calls.map(([method]) => method)).toEqual(["thread/start"]);
+    expect(reused).toMatchObject({
+      threadId: "thread-warm-model-workspace",
+      cwd: currentWorkspace,
+      model: "gpt-5.5",
+    });
+    await expect(readCodexAppServerBinding(sessionFile)).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      cwd: currentWorkspace,
+      model: "gpt-5.5",
+    });
+  });
+
   it("releases a retained subscription when its unchanged binding loses ownership", async () => {
     const sessionFile = path.join(tempDir, "warm-conflict-session.jsonl");
     const workspaceDir = path.join(tempDir, "warm-conflict-workspace");
@@ -488,6 +541,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
       request,
       addNotificationHandler: () => () => undefined,
       addRequestHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addCloseHandler: () => () => undefined,
     } as never;
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(client, { agentDir: workspaceDir });
     const common = {
@@ -549,6 +603,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
       request,
       addNotificationHandler: () => () => undefined,
       addRequestHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addCloseHandler: () => () => undefined,
     } as never;
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(client, { agentDir: workspaceDir });
     const common = {
@@ -567,7 +622,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
         undefined,
         started.liveThreadConfigFingerprint,
       ),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({});
+    ).resolves.toBe(true);
 
     params.contextEngine = {
       info: { id: "lossless-claw", name: "Lossless Claw", ownsCompaction: true },
@@ -607,6 +662,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
       request,
       addNotificationHandler: () => () => undefined,
       addRequestHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addCloseHandler: () => () => undefined,
     } as never;
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(client, { agentDir: workspaceDir });
     const common = {
@@ -664,6 +720,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
       request,
       addNotificationHandler: () => () => undefined,
       addRequestHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addCloseHandler: () => () => undefined,
     } as never;
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(client, { agentDir: workspaceDir });
     const common = {
@@ -716,6 +773,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
       request,
       addNotificationHandler: () => () => undefined,
       addRequestHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addCloseHandler: () => () => undefined,
     } as never;
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(client, { agentDir: workspaceDir });
     const common = {
@@ -750,17 +808,14 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
     expect(resumed.liveThreadConfigFingerprint).not.toBe(started.liveThreadConfigFingerprint);
   });
 
-  it("releases and resumes a retained thread when its approval policy changes", async () => {
+  it("keeps a retained thread warm when its turn-level approval policy changes", async () => {
     const sessionFile = path.join(tempDir, "warm-policy-session.jsonl");
     const workspaceDir = path.join(tempDir, "warm-policy-workspace");
     const params = createParams(sessionFile, workspaceDir);
     const request = vi.fn(async (method: string) => {
-      if (method === "thread/start" || method === "thread/resume") {
+      if (method === "thread/start") {
         return threadStartResult("thread-warm-policy");
       }
-      if (method === "thread/unsubscribe") {
-        return { status: "unsubscribed" };
-      }
       throw new Error(`unexpected method: ${method}`);
     });
     const client = {
@@ -768,6 +823,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
       request,
       addNotificationHandler: () => () => undefined,
       addRequestHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addCloseHandler: () => () => undefined,
     } as never;
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(client, { agentDir: workspaceDir });
     const appServer = createThreadLifecycleAppServerOptions();
@@ -790,17 +846,8 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
     appServer.approvalPolicy = "on-request";
     const resumed = await startOrResumeThread(common);
 
-    expect(request.mock.calls.map(([method]) => method)).toEqual([
-      "thread/start",
-      "thread/unsubscribe",
-      "thread/resume",
-    ]);
-    expect(request).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      "thread/resume",
-      expect.objectContaining({ approvalPolicy: "on-request" }),
-      expect.anything(),
-    );
-    expect(resumed.liveThreadConfigFingerprint).not.toBe(started.liveThreadConfigFingerprint);
+    expect(request.mock.calls.map(([method]) => method)).toEqual(["thread/start"]);
+    expect(resumed.liveThreadConfigFingerprint).toBe(started.liveThreadConfigFingerprint);
   });
 
   it("fails closed when a retained mode-transition subscription cannot be released", async () => {
@@ -821,6 +868,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
       request,
       addNotificationHandler: () => () => undefined,
       addRequestHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addCloseHandler: () => () => undefined,
     } as never;
     ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(client, { agentDir: workspaceDir });
     const abandonClient = vi.fn(async () => undefined);
@@ -841,7 +889,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
         undefined,
         started.liveThreadConfigFingerprint,
       ),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({});
+    ).resolves.toBe(true);
 
     params.contextEngine = {
       info: { id: "lossless-claw", name: "Lossless Claw", ownsCompaction: true },
@@ -1961,7 +2009,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
     });
   });
 
-  it("uses a transient Codex thread for report-only fallback completion", async () => {
+  it("keeps the retained primary subscribed across a transient report-only turn", async () => {
     const sessionFile = path.join(tempDir, "session.jsonl");
     const workspaceDir = path.join(tempDir, "workspace");
     const params = createParams(sessionFile, workspaceDir);
@@ -1975,19 +2023,36 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
       if (method === "thread/resume") {
         return threadStartResult((requestParams as { threadId: string }).threadId);
       }
+      if (method === "thread/unsubscribe") {
+        return { status: "unsubscribed" };
+      }
       throw new Error(`unexpected method: ${method}`);
     });
+    const client = {
+      getInstanceId: () => "client-report-only",
+      request,
+      addNotificationHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addRequestHandler: () => () => undefined,
+      addCloseHandler: () => () => undefined,
+    } as never;
+    ensureCodexAppServerClientRuntime(client, { agentDir: workspaceDir });
 
-    await startOrResumeThread({
-      client: { request } as never,
+    const started = await startOrResumeThread({
+      client,
       params,
       cwd: workspaceDir,
       dynamicTools: [],
       appServer,
     });
+    await retainCodexAppServerLiveThread(
+      client,
+      started.threadId,
+      undefined,
+      started.liveThreadConfigFingerprint,
+    );
     params.delegationCapability = "report_only";
     const restrictedBinding = await startOrResumeThread({
-      client: { request } as never,
+      client,
       params,
       cwd: workspaceDir,
       dynamicTools: [],
@@ -1996,7 +2061,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
     const savedAfterRestriction = await readCodexAppServerBinding(sessionFile);
     params.delegationCapability = "full";
     const resumedBinding = await startOrResumeThread({
-      client: { request } as never,
+      client,
       params,
       cwd: workspaceDir,
       dynamicTools: [],
@@ -2007,11 +2072,7 @@ describe("Codex app-server thread lifecycle bindings", () => {
     expect(restrictedBinding).not.toHaveProperty("liveThreadConfigFingerprint");
     expect(savedAfterRestriction?.threadId).toBe("thread-1");
     expect(resumedBinding.threadId).toBe("thread-1");
-    expect(request.mock.calls.map(([method]) => method)).toEqual([
-      "thread/start",
-      "thread/start",
-      "thread/resume",
-    ]);
+    expect(request.mock.calls.map(([method]) => method)).toEqual(["thread/start", "thread/start"]);
     expect(request.mock.calls[1]?.[1]).toMatchObject({
       config: {
         "features.multi_agent": false,
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle.test.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle.test.ts
index 52ee6d093a65..9679c32756fe 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/thread-lifecycle.test.ts
@@ -1266,6 +1266,22 @@ describe("Codex app-server native code mode config", () => {
     expect(request.approvalsReviewer).toBe("auto_review");
   });
 
+  it("preserves omitted native tiers until a previously owned sticky tier must be cleared", () => {
+    const options = {
+      threadId: "thread-1",
+      cwd: "/repo",
+      appServer: createAppServerOptions() as never,
+    };
+    const inherited = buildTurnStartParams(createAttemptParams({ provider: "openai" }), options);
+    const cleared = buildTurnStartParams(createAttemptParams({ provider: "openai" }), {
+      ...options,
+      clearInheritedServiceTier: true,
+    });
+
+    expect(inherited).not.toHaveProperty("serviceTier");
+    expect(cleared.serviceTier).toBeNull();
+  });
+
   it("allows thread config to opt into Codex code-mode-only", () => {
     const request = buildThreadStartParams(createAttemptParams({ provider: "openai" }), {
       cwd: "/repo",
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/turn-params.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/turn-params.ts
index a9da28bbfef7..f9adc036d150 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/turn-params.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/turn-params.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ export function buildTurnStartParams(
     skillsCollaborationInstructions?: string;
     memoryCollaborationInstructions?: string;
     preserveNativeTurnSettings?: boolean;
+    clearInheritedServiceTier?: boolean;
   },
 ): CodexTurnStartParams {
   const modelSelection = options.preserveNativeTurnSettings
@@ -62,9 +63,13 @@ export function buildTurnStartParams(
     ...(modelSelection
       ? { model: modelSelection.model, personality: CODEX_NATIVE_PERSONALITY_NONE }
       : {}),
+    // Codex distinguishes an omitted native default from explicitly clearing
+    // an OpenClaw-owned priority override left on this exact warm session.
     ...(options.appServer.serviceTier !== undefined
       ? { serviceTier: options.appServer.serviceTier }
-      : {}),
+      : options.clearInheritedServiceTier
+        ? { serviceTier: null }
+        : {}),
     ...(modelSelection
       ? {
           effort: resolveReasoningEffort(
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/command-handler-actions.ts b/extensions/codex/src/command-handler-actions.ts
index f51bfc00a0e5..354f1145bee6 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/command-handler-actions.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/command-handler-actions.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { MODEL_SELECTION_LOCKED_MESSAGE } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/model-session-runtime";
 import type { PluginCommandContext } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/plugin-entry";
+import { getSessionEntry, resolveStorePath } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/session-store-runtime";
 import { resolveCodexBindingAppServerConnection } from "./app-server/binding-connection.js";
 import type { CodexComputerUseSetupParams } from "./app-server/computer-use.js";
 import { isJsonObject, type JsonValue } from "./app-server/protocol.js";
@@ -331,9 +332,23 @@ export async function setConversationModel(
     return "Cannot set Codex model because this command did not include a stable binding identity.";
   }
   if (!normalized) {
+    const currentSession =
+      ctx.sessionId && ctx.sessionKey
+        ? getSessionEntry({
+            storePath: resolveStorePath(ctx.config.session?.store, { agentId: target.agentId }),
+            sessionKey: ctx.sessionKey,
+            hydrateSkillPromptRefs: false,
+            readConsistency: "latest",
+          })
+        : undefined;
+    const selectedModel =
+      currentSession && currentSession.sessionId === ctx.sessionId
+        ? currentSession.modelOverride
+        : undefined;
     const binding = await deps.bindingStore.read(target.identity);
-    return binding?.model
-      ? `Codex model: ${formatCodexDisplayText(binding.model)}`
+    const activeModel = selectedModel ?? binding?.model;
+    return activeModel
+      ? `Codex model: ${formatCodexDisplayText(activeModel)}`
       : "Usage: /codex model <model>";
   }
   return await deps.setCodexConversationModel({
@@ -343,6 +358,15 @@ export async function setConversationModel(
     model: normalized,
     agentDir: target.agentDir,
     config: ctx.config,
+    ...(ctx.sessionId && ctx.sessionKey
+      ? {
+          session: {
+            agentId: target.agentId,
+            sessionId: ctx.sessionId,
+            sessionKey: ctx.sessionKey,
+          },
+        }
+      : {}),
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/commands.test.ts b/extensions/codex/src/commands.test.ts
index 5af9ace52108..1a297aa44e15 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/commands.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/commands.test.ts
@@ -4974,6 +4974,38 @@ describe("codex command", () => {
     expect(result.text).not.toContain("[trusted](https://evil)");
   });
 
+  it("reports a conversation-bound model without an OpenClaw session identity", async () => {
+    await writeTestBinding(
+      { kind: "conversation", bindingId: "binding-data-1" },
+      { threadId: "thread-conversation", cwd: "/repo", model: "bound-model" },
+    );
+
+    const result = await handleCodexCommand(
+      createContext("model", undefined, {
+        sessionId: undefined,
+        sessionKey: undefined,
+        getCurrentConversationBinding: async () => ({
+          bindingId: "binding-1",
+          pluginId: "codex",
+          pluginRoot: "/plugin",
+          channel: "test",
+          accountId: "default",
+          conversationId: "conversation",
+          boundAt: 1,
+          data: {
+            kind: "codex-app-server-session",
+            version: 2,
+            bindingId: "binding-data-1",
+            workspaceDir: tempDir,
+          },
+        }),
+      }),
+      { deps: createDeps() },
+    );
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ text: "Codex model: bound-model" });
+  });
+
   it("rejects malformed model commands before persisting the model", async () => {
     const sessionFile = path.join(tempDir, "session.jsonl");
     const setCodexConversationModel = vi.fn();
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/conversation-control.test.ts b/extensions/codex/src/conversation-control.test.ts
index 125ddeca2047..6afc26abbd8e 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/conversation-control.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/conversation-control.test.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import { clearRuntimeAuthProfileStoreSnapshots } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/agent-runtime";
 import { MODEL_SELECTION_LOCKED_MESSAGE } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/model-session-runtime";
 import { upsertAuthProfile } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/provider-auth";
+import {
+  getSessionEntry,
+  resolveStorePath,
+  upsertSessionEntry,
+} from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/session-store-runtime";
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import {
   buildCodexSupervisionTestConnectionFingerprint,
@@ -66,10 +71,6 @@ const sharedClientMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   getSharedCodexAppServerClient: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
-function controlClient(request: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>, clientId = "control-client") {
-  return { request, getInstanceId: () => clientId };
-}
-
 vi.mock("./app-server/shared-client.js", () => ({
   ...sharedClientMocks,
   getLeasedSharedCodexAppServerClient: sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient,
@@ -267,31 +268,19 @@ describe("codex conversation controls", () => {
       model: "gpt-5.4",
       modelProvider: "openai",
     });
-    sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient.mockResolvedValue(
-      controlClient(
-        vi.fn(async () => ({
-          thread: { id: "thread-1", cwd: tempDir },
-          model: "gpt-5.5",
-          modelProvider: "openai",
-        })),
-      ),
-    );
-
     await expect(
       setCodexConversationModel({ sessionFile, agentDir, model: "gpt-5.5" }),
     ).resolves.toBe("Codex model set to gpt-5.5.");
 
     const binding = await readCodexAppServerBinding(sessionFile);
-    const sharedClientParams = sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient.mock.calls[0]?.[0];
-    expect(sharedClientParams?.agentDir).toBe(agentDir);
     expect(binding?.threadId).toBe("thread-1");
     expect(binding?.authProfileId).toBe("work");
     expect(binding?.model).toBe("gpt-5.5");
     expect(binding?.modelProvider).toBeUndefined();
-    expect(binding?.clientId).toBe("control-client");
+    expect(sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it("keeps Guardian reviewer when switching a stale local binding to a provider-qualified OpenAI model", async () => {
+  it("persists provider-qualified model changes without resuming a subscribed thread", async () => {
     const sessionFile = path.join(tempDir, "session.jsonl");
     await writeCodexAppServerBinding(sessionFile, {
       threadId: "thread-1",
@@ -301,13 +290,6 @@ describe("codex conversation controls", () => {
       approvalPolicy: "on-request",
       sandbox: "workspace-write",
     });
-    const request = vi.fn(async (_method: string, _requestParams?: unknown) => ({
-      thread: { id: "thread-1", cwd: tempDir },
-      model: "gpt-5.5",
-      modelProvider: "openai",
-    }));
-    sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient.mockResolvedValue(controlClient(request));
-
     await expect(
       setCodexConversationModel({
         sessionFile,
@@ -316,12 +298,10 @@ describe("codex conversation controls", () => {
       }),
     ).resolves.toBe("Codex model set to gpt-5.5.");
 
-    const resumeParams = request.mock.calls[0]?.[1] as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
     const binding = await readCodexAppServerBinding(sessionFile);
-    expect(resumeParams?.model).toBe("gpt-5.5");
-    expect(resumeParams?.modelProvider).toBe("openai");
-    expect(resumeParams?.approvalsReviewer).toBe("auto_review");
+    expect(binding?.model).toBe("gpt-5.5");
     expect(binding?.modelProvider).toBe("openai");
+    expect(sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it("keeps the bound local provider when switching to another unqualified model", async () => {
@@ -334,13 +314,6 @@ describe("codex conversation controls", () => {
       approvalPolicy: "on-request",
       sandbox: "workspace-write",
     });
-    const request = vi.fn(async (_method: string, _requestParams?: unknown) => ({
-      thread: { id: "thread-1", cwd: tempDir },
-      model: "local-model-2",
-      modelProvider: "lmstudio",
-    }));
-    sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient.mockResolvedValue(controlClient(request));
-
     await expect(
       setCodexConversationModel({
         sessionFile,
@@ -349,10 +322,11 @@ describe("codex conversation controls", () => {
       }),
     ).resolves.toBe("Codex model set to local-model-2.");
 
-    const resumeParams = request.mock.calls[0]?.[1] as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
-    expect(resumeParams?.model).toBe("local-model-2");
-    expect(resumeParams?.modelProvider).toBe("lmstudio");
-    expect(resumeParams?.approvalsReviewer).toBe("user");
+    await expect(readCodexAppServerBinding(sessionFile)).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      model: "local-model-2",
+      modelProvider: "lmstudio",
+    });
+    expect(sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it("keeps the bound local provider when reselecting a model id with a slash", async () => {
@@ -365,13 +339,6 @@ describe("codex conversation controls", () => {
       approvalPolicy: "on-request",
       sandbox: "workspace-write",
     });
-    const request = vi.fn(async (_method: string, _requestParams?: unknown) => ({
-      thread: { id: "thread-1", cwd: tempDir },
-      model: "openai/gpt-oss-20b",
-      modelProvider: "lmstudio",
-    }));
-    sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient.mockResolvedValue(controlClient(request));
-
     await expect(
       setCodexConversationModel({
         sessionFile,
@@ -380,15 +347,61 @@ describe("codex conversation controls", () => {
       }),
     ).resolves.toBe("Codex model set to openai/gpt-oss-20b.");
 
-    const resumeParams = request.mock.calls[0]?.[1] as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
     const binding = await readCodexAppServerBinding(sessionFile);
-    expect(resumeParams?.model).toBe("openai/gpt-oss-20b");
-    expect(resumeParams?.modelProvider).toBe("lmstudio");
-    expect(resumeParams?.approvalsReviewer).toBe("user");
+    expect(binding?.model).toBe("openai/gpt-oss-20b");
     expect(binding?.modelProvider).toBe("lmstudio");
+    expect(sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it("escapes model names returned from Codex before chat display", async () => {
+  it("persists ordinary model selection on SessionEntry without overwriting native ownership", async () => {
+    const sessionKey = "agent:main:model-session";
+    const sessionId = "session-model-authority";
+    const identity = { kind: "session" as const, agentId: "main", sessionId, sessionKey };
+    const storePath = resolveStorePath(undefined, { agentId: "main" });
+    await upsertSessionEntry({
+      agentId: "main",
+      storePath,
+      sessionKey,
+      entry: {
+        sessionId,
+        updatedAt: Date.now(),
+        authProfileOverride: "openai:personal",
+        authProfileOverrideSource: "user",
+      },
+    });
+    await testCodexAppServerBindingStore.mutate(identity, {
+      kind: "set",
+      binding: {
+        threadId: "thread-model-authority",
+        cwd: tempDir,
+        model: "gpt-5.4",
+        modelProvider: "openai",
+      },
+    });
+
+    await expect(
+      setCodexConversationModelImpl({
+        identity,
+        bindingStore: testCodexAppServerBindingStore,
+        model: "gpt-5.5",
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toBe("Codex model set to gpt-5.5.");
+
+    expect(getSessionEntry({ storePath, sessionKey })).toMatchObject({
+      providerOverride: "openai",
+      modelOverride: "gpt-5.5",
+      authProfileOverride: "openai:personal",
+      authProfileOverrideSource: "user",
+      liveModelSwitchPending: true,
+    });
+    await expect(testCodexAppServerBindingStore.read(identity)).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      threadId: "thread-model-authority",
+      model: "gpt-5.4",
+    });
+    expect(sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("escapes requested model names before chat display", async () => {
     const sessionFile = path.join(tempDir, "session.jsonl");
     await writeCodexAppServerBinding(sessionFile, {
       threadId: "thread-1",
@@ -396,18 +409,13 @@ describe("codex conversation controls", () => {
       model: "gpt-5.4",
       modelProvider: "openai",
     });
-    sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient.mockResolvedValue(
-      controlClient(
-        vi.fn(async () => ({
-          thread: { id: "thread-1", cwd: tempDir },
-          model: "gpt-5.5 <@U123> [trusted](https://evil)",
-          modelProvider: "openai",
-        })),
-      ),
-    );
-
-    await expect(setCodexConversationModel({ sessionFile, model: "gpt-5.5" })).resolves.toBe(
-      "Codex model set to gpt-5.5 &lt;\uff20U123&gt; \uff3btrusted\uff3d\uff08https://evil\uff09.",
+    await expect(
+      setCodexConversationModel({
+        sessionFile,
+        model: "gpt-5.5 <@U123> [trusted](evil)",
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toBe(
+      "Codex model set to gpt-5.5 &lt;\uff20U123&gt; \uff3btrusted\uff3d\uff08evil\uff09.",
     );
   });
 });
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/conversation-control.ts b/extensions/codex/src/conversation-control.ts
index aed1f82be30f..4f4e2afe192c 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/conversation-control.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/conversation-control.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 // Codex plugin module implements conversation control behavior.
-import { ModelSelectionLockedError } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/model-session-runtime";
+import {
+  applyModelOverrideToSessionEntry,
+  ModelSelectionLockedError,
+} from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/model-session-runtime";
+import {
+  resolveStorePath,
+  updateSessionStoreEntry,
+} from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/session-store-runtime";
 import { resolveCodexBindingAppServerConnection } from "./app-server/binding-connection.js";
-import { CODEX_CONTROL_METHODS } from "./app-server/capabilities.js";
 import type { CodexAppServerClient } from "./app-server/client.js";
 import {
   isCodexFastServiceTier,
-  resolveCodexModelBackedReviewerPolicyContext,
-  resolveCodexAppServerRuntimeOptions,
   type CodexAppServerApprovalPolicy,
   type CodexAppServerSandboxMode,
 } from "./app-server/config.js";
-import type { CodexServiceTier, CodexThreadResumeResponse } from "./app-server/protocol.js";
+import type { CodexServiceTier } from "./app-server/protocol.js";
 import {
   bindingStoreKey,
   isCodexAppServerNativeAuthProfile,
@@ -21,11 +25,7 @@ import {
 } from "./app-server/session-binding.js";
 import {
   getLeasedSharedCodexAppServerClient,
-  releaseCodexAppServerClientLease,
   releaseLeasedSharedCodexAppServerClient,
-  withLeasedCodexAppServerClientStartSelectionRetry,
-  type CodexAppServerClientLease,
-  type CodexAppServerClientOptions,
 } from "./app-server/shared-client.js";
 import {
   resolveCodexAppServerRequestModelSelection,
@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ export async function setCodexConversationModel(params: {
   pluginConfig?: unknown;
   agentDir?: string;
   config?: CodexAppServerBindingLookup["config"];
+  session?: { agentId: string; sessionId: string; sessionKey: string };
 }): Promise<string> {
   const model = params.model.trim();
   if (!model) {
@@ -199,23 +200,6 @@ export async function setCodexConversationModel(params: {
   if (binding.connectionScope === "supervision") {
     throw new ModelSelectionLockedError();
   }
-  const reviewerPolicyContext = resolveCodexModelBackedReviewerPolicyContext({
-    provider: "codex",
-    model,
-    bindingModelProvider: binding.modelProvider,
-    bindingModel: binding.model,
-    nativeAuthProfile: isCodexAppServerNativeAuthProfile({
-      authProfileId: binding.authProfileId,
-      ...lookup,
-    }),
-  });
-  const runtime = resolveCodexAppServerRuntimeOptions({
-    pluginConfig: params.pluginConfig,
-    modelProvider: reviewerPolicyContext.modelProvider,
-    model: reviewerPolicyContext.model,
-    config: params.config,
-    agentDir: params.agentDir,
-  });
   const modelProvider = resolveConversationControlModelProvider({
     authProfileId: binding.authProfileId,
     bindingModel: binding.model,
@@ -229,35 +213,68 @@ export async function setCodexConversationModel(params: {
     authProfileId: binding.authProfileId,
     ...lookup,
   });
-  const resumed = await resumeThreadWithOverrides({
-    runtime,
-    threadId: binding.threadId,
-    authProfileId: binding.authProfileId,
-    ...lookup,
-    model: modelSelection.model,
-    modelProvider: modelSelection.modelProvider,
-  });
-  const response = resumed.response;
-  const nextModel = response.model ?? modelSelection.model;
   const nextModelProvider = normalizeCodexAppServerBindingModelProvider({
     authProfileId: binding.authProfileId,
-    modelProvider: response.modelProvider ?? modelSelection.modelProvider,
+    modelProvider: modelSelection.modelProvider,
     ...lookup,
   });
+  const nextModel = modelSelection.model;
   const modelChanged = nextModel !== binding.model || nextModelProvider !== binding.modelProvider;
-  await patchThreadBinding(params.bindingStore, params.identity, binding.threadId, {
-    clientId: resumed.clientId,
-    cwd: response.thread.cwd ?? binding.cwd,
-    model: nextModel,
-    modelProvider: nextModelProvider,
-    ...(modelChanged && binding.contextEngine?.projection
-      ? { contextEngine: { ...binding.contextEngine, projection: undefined } }
-      : {}),
-    approvalPolicy: binding.approvalPolicy,
-    sandbox: binding.sandbox,
-    serviceTier: binding.serviceTier ?? runtime.serviceTier ?? undefined,
-  });
-  return `Codex model set to ${formatCodexDisplayText(response.model ?? model)}.`;
+  const session =
+    params.session ??
+    (params.identity.kind === "session" && params.identity.sessionKey
+      ? {
+          agentId: params.identity.agentId,
+          sessionId: params.identity.sessionId,
+          sessionKey: params.identity.sessionKey,
+        }
+      : undefined);
+  if (session) {
+    const updated = await updateSessionStoreEntry({
+      storePath: resolveStorePath(params.config?.session?.store, { agentId: session.agentId }),
+      sessionKey: session.sessionKey,
+      requireWriteSuccess: true,
+      update: (entry) => {
+        if (entry.sessionId !== session.sessionId) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        applyModelOverrideToSessionEntry({
+          entry,
+          selection: { provider: nextModelProvider ?? "openai", model: nextModel },
+          preserveAuthProfileOverride: true,
+          markLiveSwitchPending: true,
+        });
+        return entry;
+      },
+    });
+    if (!updated) {
+      throw new Error("Codex session changed while applying the model selection.");
+    }
+    // SessionEntry owns desired selection; the native binding remains the
+    // currently loaded model so generation transitions still rotate safely.
+    if (params.identity.kind === "conversation") {
+      await patchThreadBinding(params.bindingStore, params.identity, binding.threadId, {
+        model: nextModel,
+        modelProvider: nextModelProvider,
+        ...(modelChanged && binding.contextEngine?.projection
+          ? { contextEngine: { ...binding.contextEngine, projection: undefined } }
+          : {}),
+      });
+    } else if (modelChanged && binding.contextEngine?.projection) {
+      await patchThreadBinding(params.bindingStore, params.identity, binding.threadId, {
+        contextEngine: { ...binding.contextEngine, projection: undefined },
+      });
+    }
+  } else {
+    await patchThreadBinding(params.bindingStore, params.identity, binding.threadId, {
+      model: nextModel,
+      modelProvider: nextModelProvider,
+      ...(modelChanged && binding.contextEngine?.projection
+        ? { contextEngine: { ...binding.contextEngine, projection: undefined } }
+        : {}),
+    });
+  }
+  return `Codex model set to ${formatCodexDisplayText(nextModel)}.`;
 }
 
 export async function setCodexConversationFastMode(params: {
@@ -360,55 +377,6 @@ async function patchThreadBinding(
   }
 }
 
-async function resumeThreadWithOverrides(params: {
-  runtime: ReturnType<typeof resolveCodexAppServerRuntimeOptions>;
-  threadId: string;
-  authProfileId?: string;
-  agentDir?: string;
-  config?: CodexAppServerBindingLookup["config"];
-  model?: string;
-  modelProvider?: string | null;
-  approvalPolicy?: CodexAppServerApprovalPolicy;
-  sandbox?: CodexAppServerSandboxMode;
-  serviceTier?: CodexServiceTier;
-}): Promise<{ response: CodexThreadResumeResponse; clientId: string }> {
-  const runtime = params.runtime;
-  const clientOptions = {
-    startOptions: runtime.start,
-    timeoutMs: runtime.requestTimeoutMs,
-    authProfileId: params.authProfileId,
-    ...buildBindingLookup(params),
-  } satisfies CodexAppServerClientOptions;
-  let client = await getLeasedSharedCodexAppServerClient(clientOptions);
-  const clientLease: CodexAppServerClientLease = { client };
-  try {
-    const response = await withLeasedCodexAppServerClientStartSelectionRetry({
-      lease: clientLease,
-      options: clientOptions,
-      run: async (requestClient, requestOptions) =>
-        await requestClient.request(
-          CODEX_CONTROL_METHODS.resumeThread,
-          {
-            threadId: params.threadId,
-            ...(params.model ? { model: params.model } : {}),
-            ...(params.modelProvider ? { modelProvider: params.modelProvider } : {}),
-            approvalPolicy: params.approvalPolicy ?? runtime.approvalPolicy,
-            sandbox: params.sandbox ?? runtime.sandbox,
-            approvalsReviewer: runtime.approvalsReviewer,
-            ...(params.serviceTier ? { serviceTier: params.serviceTier } : {}),
-          },
-          requestOptions,
-        ),
-      onClientChange: (nextClient) => {
-        client = nextClient;
-      },
-    });
-    return { response, clientId: client.getInstanceId() };
-  } finally {
-    releaseCodexAppServerClientLease(clientLease);
-  }
-}
-
 function buildBindingLookup(params: {
   agentDir?: string;
   config?: CodexAppServerBindingLookup["config"];
diff --git a/src/gateway/gateway-cli-backend.connect.test.ts b/src/gateway/gateway-cli-backend.connect.test.ts
index 1143cb768acd..b253d3862148 100644
--- a/src/gateway/gateway-cli-backend.connect.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/gateway-cli-backend.connect.test.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import type { AddressInfo } from "node:net";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import { WebSocketServer } from "ws";
+import { GATEWAY_CLIENT_CAPS } from "../../packages/gateway-protocol/src/client-info.js";
 import { loadOrCreateDeviceIdentity } from "../infra/device-identity.js";
 import { createSuiteTempRootTracker } from "../test-helpers/temp-dir.js";
 import { GATEWAY_CLIENT_MODES, GATEWAY_CLIENT_NAMES } from "../utils/message-channel.js";
@@ -94,9 +95,12 @@ describe("gateway cli backend connect", () => {
     await tempDirs.cleanup();
   });
 
-  it(
-    "connects a test gateway client through the live helper",
-    async () => {
+  it.each([
+    { label: "default capabilities", caps: undefined },
+    { label: "plugin approval capability", caps: [GATEWAY_CLIENT_CAPS.PLUGIN_APPROVALS] },
+  ])(
+    "connects a test gateway client through the live helper with $label",
+    async ({ caps }) => {
       const token = `test-${Date.now()}`;
       const deviceIdentity = await createTempDeviceIdentity();
       const server = await startMinimalGatewayServer({ token });
@@ -109,6 +113,7 @@ describe("gateway cli backend connect", () => {
           deviceIdentity,
           timeoutMs: GATEWAY_CONNECT_OPERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
           maxAttemptTimeoutMs: GATEWAY_CONNECT_OPERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+          ...(caps ? { caps } : {}),
           requestTimeoutMs: GATEWAY_CONNECT_OPERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
           waitForEventLoopReady: false,
         });
@@ -121,6 +126,7 @@ describe("gateway cli backend connect", () => {
         expect(connectClient?.displayName).toBe("vitest-live");
         expect(connectClient?.version).toBe("dev");
         expect(connectClient?.mode).toBe(GATEWAY_CLIENT_MODES.TEST);
+        expect(server.connectParams?.caps).toEqual(caps ?? []);
         expect(server.requests).toEqual(["connect", "health"]);
       } finally {
         await client
diff --git a/src/gateway/gateway-cli-backend.live-helpers.ts b/src/gateway/gateway-cli-backend.live-helpers.ts
index 86d0c10ab2fe..285b0ec7d665 100644
--- a/src/gateway/gateway-cli-backend.live-helpers.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/gateway-cli-backend.live-helpers.ts
@@ -402,6 +402,7 @@ export async function connectTestGatewayClient(params: {
   timeoutMs?: number;
   maxAttemptTimeoutMs?: number;
   clientDisplayName?: string | null;
+  caps?: string[];
   requestTimeoutMs?: number;
   tickWatchTimeoutMs?: number;
   waitForEventLoopReady?: boolean;
@@ -444,6 +445,7 @@ async function connectClientOnce(params: {
   timeoutMs: number;
   deviceIdentity?: DeviceIdentity;
   clientDisplayName?: string | null;
+  caps?: string[];
   requestTimeoutMs?: number;
   tickWatchTimeoutMs?: number;
   waitForEventLoopReady?: boolean;
@@ -478,6 +480,7 @@ async function connectClientOnce(params: {
       clientName: GATEWAY_CLIENT_NAMES.TEST,
       clientVersion: "dev",
       mode: GATEWAY_CLIENT_MODES.TEST,
+      ...(params.caps ? { caps: params.caps } : {}),
       connectChallengeTimeoutMs: params.timeoutMs,
       deviceIdentity: params.deviceIdentity,
       onHelloOk: () => finish({ client }),
diff --git a/src/gateway/gateway-codex-harness.live.test.ts b/src/gateway/gateway-codex-harness.live.test.ts
index 17b6b655e6ed..114a8508486d 100644
--- a/src/gateway/gateway-codex-harness.live.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/gateway-codex-harness.live.test.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import os from "node:os";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { setTimeout as delay } from "node:timers/promises";
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { GATEWAY_CLIENT_CAPS } from "../../packages/gateway-protocol/src/client-info.js";
 import type { EventFrame } from "../../packages/gateway-protocol/src/index.js";
 import {
   renderBitmapTextPngBase64,
@@ -62,6 +63,9 @@ const CODEX_HARNESS_SUBAGENT_PROBE = isTruthyEnvValue(
 const CODEX_HARNESS_GUARDIAN_PROBE = isTruthyEnvValue(
   process.env.OPENCLAW_LIVE_CODEX_HARNESS_GUARDIAN_PROBE,
 );
+const CODEX_HARNESS_MULTI_SESSION_PROBE = isTruthyEnvValue(
+  process.env.OPENCLAW_LIVE_CODEX_HARNESS_MULTI_SESSION_PROBE,
+);
 const CODEX_HARNESS_CODE_MODE_ONLY = isTruthyEnvValue(
   process.env.OPENCLAW_LIVE_CODEX_HARNESS_CODE_MODE_ONLY,
 );
@@ -193,7 +197,7 @@ const observedCodexThreadIds = new Map<string, string>();
 const observedCodexClientIds = new Map<string, string>();
 const observedCodexThreadActions = new Map<string, string>();
 
-type GuardianPluginApprovalDecision = "allow-once" | "deny";
+type GuardianPluginApprovalDecision = "allow-once" | "allow-always" | "deny";
 type CodexHarnessThinkingLevel =
   | "off"
   | "minimal"
@@ -485,6 +489,8 @@ async function assertCodexHarnessTranscriptModelIdentity(params: {
 }
 
 async function writeLiveGatewayConfig(params: {
+  codexApprovalPolicy?: "untrusted";
+  codexApprovalsReviewer?: "user";
   codexAppServerMode?: "guardian" | "yolo";
   codeModeOnly?: boolean;
   compactionMode: CodexCompactionStressMode;
@@ -511,6 +517,10 @@ async function writeLiveGatewayConfig(params: {
           config: {
             appServer: {
               mode: params.codexAppServerMode ?? "yolo",
+              ...(params.codexApprovalPolicy ? { approvalPolicy: params.codexApprovalPolicy } : {}),
+              ...(params.codexApprovalsReviewer
+                ? { approvalsReviewer: params.codexApprovalsReviewer }
+                : {}),
               ...(appServerArgs ? { args: appServerArgs } : {}),
               ...(params.codeModeOnly === true ? { codeModeOnly: true } : {}),
               ...(params.loopDetectionPreToolUseRelay === false
@@ -685,6 +695,99 @@ function recordCodexAttemptIdentity(params: {
   observedCodexThreadActions.set(params.sessionKey, action as string);
 }
 
+async function verifyCodexMultiSessionApprovalPersistence(params: {
+  client: GatewayClient;
+  getResolvedPluginApprovalCount: () => number;
+  setPluginApprovalDecision: (decision: GuardianPluginApprovalDecision | undefined) => void;
+  workspace: string;
+}): Promise<void> {
+  const targetName = "codex-session-approval-proof.txt";
+  const targetPath = path.join(params.workspace, targetName);
+  let previousContent = "OPENCLAW-CODEX-SESSION-INITIAL";
+  await fs.writeFile(targetPath, `${previousContent}\n`, "utf8");
+  const sessionKeys = {
+    a: "agent:dev:live-codex-harness-session-a",
+    b: "agent:dev:live-codex-harness-session-b",
+  } as const;
+  const firstThreadIds = new Map<keyof typeof sessionKeys, string>();
+  let physicalClientId: string | undefined;
+  const startingApprovalCount = params.getResolvedPluginApprovalCount();
+  params.setPluginApprovalDecision("allow-always");
+  try {
+    for (const [turn, session] of (["a", "b", "a", "b"] as const).entries()) {
+      const sessionKey = sessionKeys[session];
+      const expectedReply = `CODEX-SESSION-${session.toUpperCase()}-${turn + 1}`;
+      const expectedContent = `OPENCLAW-CODEX-SESSION-${session.toUpperCase()}-${turn + 1}`;
+      const patch = [
+        "*** Begin Patch",
+        `*** Update File: ${targetName}`,
+        "@@",
+        `-${previousContent}`,
+        `+${expectedContent}`,
+        "*** End Patch",
+      ].join("\n");
+      const patchCode = `const result = await tools.apply_patch(${JSON.stringify(patch)});\ntext(result);`;
+      const { text, events } = await requestAgentTextWithEvents({
+        client: params.client,
+        eventPrefixes: ["codex_app_server.", "tool", "approval"],
+        sessionKey,
+        message: [
+          "Use the exec tool exactly once before replying.",
+          "Set its JavaScript source to exactly:",
+          patchCode,
+          "Do not call apply_patch directly or use a shell.",
+          `After the patch succeeds, reply exactly ${expectedReply} and nothing else.`,
+        ].join("\n"),
+      });
+      expect(text).toContain(expectedReply);
+      recordCodexAttemptIdentity({ events, sessionKey });
+      expect(await fs.readFile(targetPath, "utf8")).toBe(`${expectedContent}\n`);
+      expect(
+        events.some(
+          (event) =>
+            event.stream === "tool" &&
+            event.data?.name === "apply_patch" &&
+            event.data?.phase === "result" &&
+            event.data?.status === "completed" &&
+            event.data?.isError === false,
+        ),
+        `expected a completed native file change for session ${session}`,
+      ).toBe(true);
+      previousContent = expectedContent;
+
+      const threadId = observedCodexThreadIds.get(sessionKey);
+      const clientId = observedCodexClientIds.get(sessionKey);
+      expect(threadId).toBeTruthy();
+      expect(clientId).toBeTruthy();
+      const initialThreadId = firstThreadIds.get(session);
+      if (initialThreadId) {
+        expect(threadId).toBe(initialThreadId);
+      } else {
+        if (session === "b") {
+          expect(threadId).not.toBe(firstThreadIds.get("a"));
+        }
+        firstThreadIds.set(session, threadId as string);
+      }
+      if (physicalClientId) {
+        expect(clientId).toBe(physicalClientId);
+      } else {
+        physicalClientId = clientId;
+      }
+      // Exec "always" creates a shared durable rule; file approvals alone
+      // support Codex's per-thread acceptForSession cache for this proof.
+      expect(params.getResolvedPluginApprovalCount()).toBe(
+        startingApprovalCount + Math.min(turn + 1, 2),
+      );
+    }
+    expect(firstThreadIds.get("a")).not.toBe(firstThreadIds.get("b"));
+    console.log(
+      `[codex-session-proof] A=${firstThreadIds.get("a")} B=${firstThreadIds.get("b")} client=${physicalClientId} approvals=2 turns=4`,
+    );
+  } finally {
+    params.setPluginApprovalDecision(undefined);
+  }
+}
+
 async function verifyCodexCodeModeOnlyDynamicToolProbe(params: {
   client: GatewayClient;
   sessionKey: string;
@@ -1705,7 +1808,11 @@ describeLive("gateway live (Codex harness)", () => {
         port,
         token,
         workspace,
-        codexAppServerMode: CODEX_HARNESS_GUARDIAN_PROBE ? "guardian" : "yolo",
+        codexAppServerMode:
+          CODEX_HARNESS_GUARDIAN_PROBE || CODEX_HARNESS_MULTI_SESSION_PROBE ? "guardian" : "yolo",
+        ...(CODEX_HARNESS_MULTI_SESSION_PROBE
+          ? { codexApprovalPolicy: "untrusted", codexApprovalsReviewer: "user" }
+          : {}),
         codeModeOnly: CODEX_HARNESS_CODE_MODE_ONLY,
         compactionMode: CODEX_HARNESS_COMPACTION_MODE,
         ...(CODEX_HARNESS_DISABLE_LOOP_RELAY ? { loopDetectionPreToolUseRelay: false } : {}),
@@ -1770,6 +1877,10 @@ describeLive("gateway live (Codex harness)", () => {
           timeoutMs: GATEWAY_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS,
           requestTimeoutMs: CODEX_HARNESS_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
           clientDisplayName: "vitest-codex-harness-live",
+          // Approval events require an explicit renderer capability even for admin clients.
+          ...(CODEX_HARNESS_MULTI_SESSION_PROBE
+            ? { caps: [GATEWAY_CLIENT_CAPS.PLUGIN_APPROVALS] }
+            : {}),
           onEvent: (event) => {
             gatewayEvents.push(event);
             maybeResolveGuardianPluginApproval(event);
@@ -1804,6 +1915,18 @@ describeLive("gateway live (Codex harness)", () => {
               sessionKey,
             });
 
+            if (CODEX_HARNESS_MULTI_SESSION_PROBE) {
+              await verifyCodexMultiSessionApprovalPersistence({
+                client: activeClient,
+                getResolvedPluginApprovalCount: () => resolvedGuardianPluginApprovalIds.size,
+                setPluginApprovalDecision: (decision) => {
+                  guardianPluginApprovalDecision = decision;
+                },
+                workspace,
+              });
+              break;
+            }
+
             if (CODEX_HARNESS_SUBAGENT_PROBE) {
               logCodexLiveStep("subagent-probe:start", { sessionKey });
               await verifyCodexSubagentProbe({ client: activeClient, sessionKey });