diff --git a/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/approvals.ts b/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/approvals.ts
index bc3dddf90773..c62746797bd5 100644
--- a/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/approvals.ts
+++ b/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/approvals.ts
@@ -251,6 +251,7 @@ export const ApprovalChannelReviewerSchema = closedObject({
 
 export const ApprovalResolveParamsSchema = closedObject({
   id: ApprovalRecordCommonFields.id,
+  instanceId: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
   kind: ApprovalKindSchema,
   decision: ApprovalDecisionSchema,
   reviewer: Type.Optional(ApprovalChannelReviewerSchema),
diff --git a/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/exec-approvals.ts b/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/exec-approvals.ts
index 7d7df43c9ee4..82dd44343a39 100644
--- a/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/exec-approvals.ts
+++ b/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/exec-approvals.ts
@@ -313,6 +313,7 @@ export const ExecApprovalRequestParamsSchema = closedObject({
 /** Reviewer decision payload for one pending exec approval. */
 export const ExecApprovalResolveParamsSchema = closedObject({
   id: NonEmptyString,
+  instanceId: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
   decision: NonEmptyString,
   reviewer: Type.Optional(ApprovalChannelReviewerSchema),
 });
diff --git a/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/plugin-approvals.ts b/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/plugin-approvals.ts
index a4226c284da1..6f9a79847cea 100644
--- a/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/plugin-approvals.ts
+++ b/packages/gateway-protocol/src/schema/plugin-approvals.ts
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ export const PluginApprovalRequestParamsSchema = closedObject({
 /** Reviewer decision payload resolving one pending plugin approval request. */
 export const PluginApprovalResolveParamsSchema = closedObject({
   id: NonEmptyString,
+  instanceId: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
   decision: NonEmptyString,
   reviewer: Type.Optional(ApprovalChannelReviewerSchema),
 });
diff --git a/src/gateway/exec-approval-manager.ts b/src/gateway/exec-approval-manager.ts
index c43e75a941ad..882eeb9e046c 100644
--- a/src/gateway/exec-approval-manager.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/exec-approval-manager.ts
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ type ExecApprovalResolutionSource = "operator" | "auto-review";
 
 export type ExecApprovalRecord<TPayload = ExecApprovalRequestPayload> = {
   id: string;
+  instanceId: string;
   request: TPayload;
   createdAtMs: number;
   expiresAtMs: number;
@@ -267,6 +268,7 @@ export class ExecApprovalManager<TPayload = ExecApprovalRequestPayload> {
     const resolvedId = hasExplicitId ? id : randomUUID();
     const record: ExecApprovalRecord<TPayload> = {
       id: resolvedId,
+      instanceId: randomUUID(),
       request,
       createdAtMs: now,
       expiresAtMs,
diff --git a/src/gateway/node-invoke-system-run-approval.test.ts b/src/gateway/node-invoke-system-run-approval.test.ts
index e14074f30f3b..330857ffcaac 100644
--- a/src/gateway/node-invoke-system-run-approval.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/node-invoke-system-run-approval.test.ts
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ describe("sanitizeSystemRunParamsForForwarding", () => {
     const effectiveBindingArgv = bindingArgv ?? commandArgv ?? [command];
     return {
       id: "approval-1",
+      instanceId: "approval-instance-1",
       request: {
         host: "node",
         nodeId: "node-1",
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods/approval-record-lookup.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods/approval-record-lookup.ts
index 13fff7baca27..850db4d77d89 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-methods/approval-record-lookup.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods/approval-record-lookup.ts
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ export function listVisiblePendingApprovalRequests<TPayload>(params: {
 }): Array<{
   approvalKind?: ChannelApprovalKind;
   id: string;
+  instanceId: string;
   request: TPayload;
   createdAtMs: number;
   expiresAtMs: number;
@@ -140,8 +141,8 @@ export function listVisiblePendingApprovalRequests<TPayload>(params: {
         ...(params.cfg ? { cfg: params.cfg } : {}),
       }),
     )
-    .map(({ id, request, createdAtMs, expiresAtMs }) => {
-      const approval = { id, request, createdAtMs, expiresAtMs };
+    .map(({ id, instanceId, request, createdAtMs, expiresAtMs }) => {
+      const approval = { id, instanceId, request, createdAtMs, expiresAtMs };
       return params.approvalKind
         ? Object.assign(approval, { approvalKind: params.approvalKind })
         : approval;
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods/approval-shared.test.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods/approval-shared.test.ts
index 5f1ad0832e91..a1d704529436 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-methods/approval-shared.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods/approval-shared.test.ts
@@ -1286,6 +1286,34 @@ describe("handlePendingApprovalRequest", () => {
     expect(manager.getSnapshot(record.id)?.decision).toBeUndefined();
   });
 
+  it("rejects a decision bound to an older approval instance", async () => {
+    const manager = new ExecApprovalManager();
+    const record = manager.create({ command: "echo replacement" }, 60_000, "approval-reused");
+    void manager.register(record, 60_000);
+    const respond = vi.fn();
+
+    await handleApprovalResolve({
+      approvalKind: "exec",
+      manager,
+      inputId: record.id,
+      instanceId: "older-instance",
+      decision: "allow-once",
+      respond,
+      context: {
+        broadcast: vi.fn(),
+        broadcastToConnIds: vi.fn(),
+      } as unknown as GatewayRequestContext,
+      client: null,
+    });
+
+    expect(respond).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      false,
+      undefined,
+      expect.objectContaining({ message: "unknown or expired approval id" }),
+    );
+    expect(manager.getSnapshot(record.id)?.decision).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
   it("does not wait on decisions for approvals hidden from the caller", async () => {
     const manager = new ExecApprovalManager();
     const record = manager.create(
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods/approval-shared.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods/approval-shared.ts
index fc31cdc244d9..a0e2577544a0 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-methods/approval-shared.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods/approval-shared.ts
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ type RequestedApprovalEvent<
 > = {
   approvalKind?: TKind;
   id: string;
+  instanceId?: string;
   request: TPayload;
   createdAtMs: number;
   expiresAtMs: number;
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ type ApprovalRequestDeliveryRoute = "approval-client" | "forwarder" | "turn-sour
 
 type ApprovalResolveParams = {
   id: string;
+  instanceId?: string;
   decision: string;
   reviewer?: ApprovalChannelReviewer;
 };
@@ -153,6 +155,7 @@ export function buildRequestedApprovalEvent<
   return {
     ...(approvalKind ? { approvalKind } : {}),
     id: record.id,
+    instanceId: record.instanceId,
     request: record.request,
     createdAtMs: record.createdAtMs,
     expiresAtMs: record.expiresAtMs,
@@ -167,6 +170,7 @@ export function resolveApprovalDecisionParams<TParams extends ApprovalResolvePar
   respond: RespondFn;
 }): {
   inputId: string;
+  instanceId?: string;
   decision: ExecApprovalDecision;
   reviewer?: ApprovalChannelReviewer;
 } | null {
@@ -180,6 +184,7 @@ export function resolveApprovalDecisionParams<TParams extends ApprovalResolvePar
   }
   return {
     inputId: rawParams.id,
+    ...(rawParams.instanceId ? { instanceId: rawParams.instanceId } : {}),
     decision: rawParams.decision,
     ...(rawParams.reviewer ? { reviewer: rawParams.reviewer } : {}),
   };
@@ -484,6 +489,7 @@ export async function handleApprovalResolve<
   approvalKind: ChannelApprovalKind;
   manager: ExecApprovalManager<TPayload>;
   inputId: string;
+  instanceId?: string;
   decision: ExecApprovalDecision;
   respond: RespondFn;
   context: GatewayRequestContext;
@@ -560,6 +566,11 @@ export async function handleApprovalResolve<
     return;
   }
 
+  if (params.instanceId && resolved.snapshot.instanceId !== params.instanceId) {
+    respondUnknownOrExpiredApproval(params.respond);
+    return;
+  }
+
   const validationError = params.validateDecision?.(resolved.snapshot);
   if (validationError) {
     params.respond(
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods/approval.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods/approval.ts
index db6d0aeed39d..87844853a4b6 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-methods/approval.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods/approval.ts
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ export function createApprovalHandlers(
           ? params.execApprovalManager.getLiveSnapshot(record.id)
           : record.kind === "plugin"
             ? params.pluginApprovalManager.getLiveSnapshot(record.id)
-            : undefined;
+            : params.systemAgentApprovalManager?.getLiveSnapshot(record.id);
       if (resolveParams?.reviewer && (!custody || !liveRecord || !custody.authorizes(liveRecord))) {
         respondApprovalNotFound(respond);
         return;
@@ -454,6 +454,10 @@ export function createApprovalHandlers(
         respond(true, { applied: false, approval }, undefined);
         return;
       }
+      if (resolveParams?.instanceId && liveRecord?.instanceId !== resolveParams.instanceId) {
+        respondApprovalNotFound(respond);
+        return;
+      }
       const resolver = custody
         ? ({ kind: "channel", id: custody.resolverId } as const)
         : resolveApprovalResolver(client);
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods/exec-approval.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods/exec-approval.ts
index c31a6528a571..9d76ab19dec5 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-methods/exec-approval.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods/exec-approval.ts
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ export function createExecApprovalHandlers(
       if (!decisionPromise) {
         return;
       }
-      const requestEvent: ExecApprovalRequest = buildRequestedApprovalEvent(record, "exec");
+      const requestEvent = buildRequestedApprovalEvent(record, "exec");
       const forwardRequest = opts?.forwarder?.handleRequested.bind(opts.forwarder);
       const iosPushRequest = opts?.iosPushDelivery?.handleRequested?.bind(opts.iosPushDelivery);
       await handlePendingApprovalRequest({
@@ -522,12 +522,13 @@ export function createExecApprovalHandlers(
       if (!resolveParams) {
         return;
       }
-      const { inputId, decision, reviewer } = resolveParams;
+      const { inputId, instanceId, decision, reviewer } = resolveParams;
       let autoReviewResolution = false;
       await handleApprovalResolve({
         approvalKind: "exec",
         manager,
         inputId,
+        instanceId,
         decision,
         respond,
         context,
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods/plugin-approval.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods/plugin-approval.ts
index 25a671ff455e..97ac5d4f42d9 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-methods/plugin-approval.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods/plugin-approval.ts
@@ -310,11 +310,12 @@ export function createPluginApprovalHandlers(
       if (!resolveParams) {
         return;
       }
-      const { inputId, decision, reviewer } = resolveParams;
+      const { inputId, instanceId, decision, reviewer } = resolveParams;
       await handleApprovalResolve({
         approvalKind: "plugin",
         manager,
         inputId,
+        instanceId,
         decision,
         respond,
         context,
diff --git a/src/infra/exec-approvals-core.ts b/src/infra/exec-approvals-core.ts
index 65eaacc1ff7b..e1cbd8b09f1d 100644
--- a/src/infra/exec-approvals-core.ts
+++ b/src/infra/exec-approvals-core.ts
@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ export type ExecApprovalRequest = {
   /** Descriptive wire metadata; readers derive it from the payload when absent. */
   approvalKind?: "exec";
   id: string;
+  instanceId?: string;
   request: ExecApprovalRequestPayload;
   createdAtMs: number;
   expiresAtMs: number;
diff --git a/ui/src/app/exec-approval.ts b/ui/src/app/exec-approval.ts
index c2f2e4ee6dde..5889681111ee 100644
--- a/ui/src/app/exec-approval.ts
+++ b/ui/src/app/exec-approval.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ export type ExecApprovalDecision = "allow-once" | "allow-always" | "deny";
 
 export type ExecApprovalRequest = {
   id: string;
+  /** Gateway-owned lifecycle identity. Older event producers omit it. */
+  instanceId?: string;
   kind: "exec" | "plugin" | "system-agent";
   request: ExecApprovalRequestPayload;
   pluginTitle?: string;
@@ -124,6 +126,7 @@ function parseExecApprovalRequested(payload: unknown): ExecApprovalRequest | nul
   }
   return {
     id,
+    instanceId: normalizeOptionalString(payload.instanceId) ?? undefined,
     kind: "exec",
     request: {
       command,
@@ -192,6 +195,7 @@ function parsePluginApprovalRequested(payload: unknown): ExecApprovalRequest | n
 
   return {
     id,
+    instanceId: normalizeOptionalString(payload.instanceId) ?? undefined,
     kind: "plugin",
     request: {
       command: title,
@@ -225,6 +229,7 @@ function parseSystemAgentApprovalRequested(payload: unknown): ExecApprovalReques
   }
   return {
     id,
+    instanceId: normalizeOptionalString(payload.instanceId) ?? undefined,
     kind: "system-agent",
     request: {
       command,
@@ -263,13 +268,18 @@ export async function resolveApprovalRequest(
   if (approval.kind === "system-agent") {
     await client.request("approval.resolve", {
       id: approval.id,
+      ...(approval.instanceId ? { instanceId: approval.instanceId } : {}),
       kind: "system-agent",
       decision,
     });
     return;
   }
   const method = approval.kind === "plugin" ? "plugin.approval.resolve" : "exec.approval.resolve";
-  await client.request(method, { id: approval.id, decision });
+  await client.request(method, {
+    id: approval.id,
+    ...(approval.instanceId ? { instanceId: approval.instanceId } : {}),
+    decision,
+  });
 }
 
 function pruneExecApprovalQueue(queue: ExecApprovalRequest[]): ExecApprovalRequest[] {
diff --git a/ui/src/app/overlays-access.test-support.ts b/ui/src/app/overlays-access.test-support.ts
index 6f6e24531047..d4faa3d0659c 100644
--- a/ui/src/app/overlays-access.test-support.ts
+++ b/ui/src/app/overlays-access.test-support.ts
@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@ export function deferred<T = unknown>() {
   return { promise, reject, resolve };
 }
 
-export function approval(id: string, createdAtMs: number) {
+export function approval(id: string, createdAtMs: number, instanceId = `${id}:${createdAtMs}`) {
   return {
     id,
+    instanceId,
     createdAtMs,
     expiresAtMs: Date.now() + 60_000,
     request: { command: `echo ${id}` },
@@ -79,10 +80,10 @@ export function createGatewayHarness(
         listener(frame);
       }
     },
-    emitApproval(id: string, createdAtMs: number) {
+    emitApproval(id: string, createdAtMs: number, instanceId?: string) {
       const event: GatewayEventFrame = {
         event: "exec.approval.requested",
-        payload: approval(id, createdAtMs),
+        payload: approval(id, createdAtMs, instanceId),
         type: "event",
       };
       for (const listener of eventListeners) {
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ export function createGatewayHarness(
         event: "openclaw.approval.requested",
         payload: {
           id,
+          instanceId: `${id}:${createdAtMs}`,
           createdAtMs,
           expiresAtMs: Date.now() + 60_000,
           request: {
diff --git a/ui/src/app/overlays.approval-replacement.test.ts b/ui/src/app/overlays.approval-replacement.test.ts
index e53edc381dfc..7ca12ba94154 100644
--- a/ui/src/app/overlays.approval-replacement.test.ts
+++ b/ui/src/app/overlays.approval-replacement.test.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
 } from "./overlays-access.test-support.ts";
 import { createApplicationOverlays } from "./overlays.ts";
 
-function approvalRace(id: string, replacementCreatedAtMs: number) {
+function approvalRace(id: string, replacementInstanceId: string) {
   const resolveAttempt = deferred();
   const request = vi.fn<RequestFn>((method) =>
     method.endsWith(".list") ? Promise.resolve([]) : resolveAttempt.promise,
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ function approvalRace(id: string, replacementCreatedAtMs: number) {
   harness.emitApproval(id, 1_000);
   const original = overlays.snapshot.approvalQueue[0];
   const decision = overlays.decideApproval("allow-once");
-  harness.emitApproval(id, replacementCreatedAtMs);
+  harness.emitApproval(id, 1_000, replacementInstanceId);
   return { decision, original, overlays, request, resolveAttempt };
 }
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ describe("application approval replacement races", () => {
     it(`keeps a refreshed approval owned by its pending decision after ${outcome}`, async () => {
       const { decision, original, overlays, resolveAttempt } = approvalRace(
         "approval-refreshed",
-        1_000,
+        "approval-refreshed:1000",
       );
 
       expect(overlays.snapshot.approvalQueue[0]).not.toBe(original);
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ describe("application approval replacement races", () => {
     async ({ error, stale }) => {
       const { decision, overlays, request, resolveAttempt } = approvalRace(
         "approval-reused",
-        2_000,
+        "replacement-instance",
       );
       const listRequestCount = request.mock.calls.filter(([method]) =>
         method.endsWith(".list"),
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ describe("application approval replacement races", () => {
       await decision;
 
       expect(overlays.snapshot.approvalQueue).toEqual([
-        expect.objectContaining({ createdAtMs: 2_000, id: "approval-reused" }),
+        expect.objectContaining({ instanceId: "replacement-instance", id: "approval-reused" }),
       ]);
       expect(overlays.snapshot.approvalErrors).toEqual(new Map());
       if (stale) {
diff --git a/ui/src/app/overlays.ts b/ui/src/app/overlays.ts
index 701d0f101b86..c30a45fc0b5b 100644
--- a/ui/src/app/overlays.ts
+++ b/ui/src/app/overlays.ts
@@ -616,14 +616,16 @@ export function createApplicationOverlays(
         operation.grantGeneration === approvalGrantGeneration &&
         readGatewayOperatorAccess(gateway.snapshot).canGrantApprovals &&
         isCurrentClient(operation.client);
-      // A refresh can reconstruct the same approval, while a reused id
-      // with a different creation time denotes a new protected request.
+      // The Gateway owns this lifecycle token. Approval ids are reusable, so
+      // an older decision must never settle or annotate a replacement record.
       const isCurrentApproval = () =>
         promptState.execApprovalQueue.some(
           (entry) =>
             entry.id === active.id &&
             entry.kind === active.kind &&
-            entry.createdAtMs === active.createdAtMs,
+            (active.instanceId
+              ? entry.instanceId === active.instanceId
+              : !entry.instanceId && entry.createdAtMs === active.createdAtMs),
         );
       publish();
       try {
diff --git a/ui/src/e2e/approval-flow.e2e.test.ts b/ui/src/e2e/approval-flow.e2e.test.ts
index a331dbadb4ea..f5f2f72cd803 100644
--- a/ui/src/e2e/approval-flow.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/ui/src/e2e/approval-flow.e2e.test.ts
@@ -17,9 +17,16 @@ const activeSessionKey = "agent:main:main";
 const captureUiProof = process.env.OPENCLAW_CAPTURE_UI_PROOF === "1";
 const proofDir = path.join(process.cwd(), ".artifacts", "control-ui-e2e", "approval-flow");
 
-function approval(id: string, command: string, createdAtMs: number, sessionKey = activeSessionKey) {
+function approval(
+  id: string,
+  command: string,
+  createdAtMs: number,
+  sessionKey = activeSessionKey,
+  instanceId = `${id}:${createdAtMs}`,
+) {
   return {
     id,
+    instanceId,
     createdAtMs,
     expiresAtMs: Date.now() + 60_000,
     request: { command, agentId: "main", sessionKey },
@@ -120,7 +127,13 @@ suite.define(() => {
       .toBe(0);
     await gateway.emitGatewayEvent(
       "exec.approval.requested",
-      approval("approval-reused", "echo replacement approval", 2_000),
+      approval(
+        "approval-reused",
+        "echo replacement approval",
+        1_000,
+        activeSessionKey,
+        "replacement-instance",
+      ),
     );
     const replacement = currentPage.getByText("echo replacement approval", { exact: true });
     await replacement.waitFor();
diff --git a/ui/src/test-helpers/app-sidebar-cases/attention.ts b/ui/src/test-helpers/app-sidebar-cases/attention.ts
index 5e7d237d9a07..185a5527de88 100644
--- a/ui/src/test-helpers/app-sidebar-cases/attention.ts
+++ b/ui/src/test-helpers/app-sidebar-cases/attention.ts
@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@ describe("AppSidebar session attention", () => {
   it("shows approval attention ahead of a run error", async () => {
     const approval = {
       id: "approval-1",
+      instanceId: "approval-instance-1",
       kind: "exec",
       request: { command: "git status", sessionKey },
       createdAtMs: Date.now(),
@@ -266,6 +267,7 @@ describe("AppSidebar session attention", () => {
     const mainKey = "agent:main:main";
     const approval = {
       id: "approval-main",
+      instanceId: "approval-main-instance",
       kind: "exec",
       request: { command: "git status", sessionKey: mainKey },
       createdAtMs: Date.now(),
@@ -387,6 +389,7 @@ describe("AppSidebar session attention", () => {
       ]);
       const approval = {
         id: "approval-child",
+        instanceId: "approval-child-instance",
         kind: "exec",
         request: { command: "git status", sessionKey: childKey },
         createdAtMs: Date.now(),