diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/access_grants.py b/backend/open_webui/models/access_grants.py
index 1c86dc08e7..f944ff8655 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/access_grants.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/access_grants.py
@@ -316,7 +316,6 @@ class AccessGrantsTable:
             )
             db.add(grant)
             await db.commit()
-            await db.refresh(grant)
             return AccessGrantModel.model_validate(grant)
 
     async def revoke_access(
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/auths.py b/backend/open_webui/models/auths.py
index 6538c1dbf9..d852b4ac40 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/auths.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/auths.py
@@ -133,9 +133,8 @@ class AuthsTable:
                 oauth=oauth,
                 db=session,
             )
-            # persist both records and reload generated defaults
+            # persist both records
             await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(credential)
             return created_user if credential and created_user else None
 
     async def authenticate_user(
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/automations.py b/backend/open_webui/models/automations.py
index 4038a3bdbe..fbd74ccf5e 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/automations.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/automations.py
@@ -139,7 +139,6 @@ class AutomationTable:
             )
             db.add(row)
             await db.commit()
-            await db.refresh(row)
             return AutomationModel.model_validate(row)
 
     async def count_by_user(self, user_id: str, db: Optional[AsyncSession] = None) -> int:
@@ -224,7 +223,6 @@ class AutomationTable:
             row.next_run_at = next_run_at
             row.updated_at = int(time.time_ns())
             await db.commit()
-            await db.refresh(row)
             return AutomationModel.model_validate(row)
 
     async def toggle(
@@ -241,7 +239,6 @@ class AutomationTable:
             row.next_run_at = next_run_at if row.is_active else None
             row.updated_at = int(time.time_ns())
             await db.commit()
-            await db.refresh(row)
             return AutomationModel.model_validate(row)
 
     async def delete(self, id: str, db: Optional[AsyncSession] = None) -> bool:
@@ -324,7 +321,6 @@ class AutomationRunTable:
             )
             db.add(row)
             await db.commit()
-            await db.refresh(row)
             return AutomationRunModel.model_validate(row)
 
     async def get_latest(self, automation_id: str, db: Optional[AsyncSession] = None) -> Optional[AutomationRunModel]:
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/channels.py b/backend/open_webui/models/channels.py
index 9d5f130355..5028cdf2c8 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/channels.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/channels.py
@@ -869,7 +869,6 @@ class ChannelTable:
                 result = ChannelFile(**channel_file.model_dump())
                 db.add(result)
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(result)
                 if result:
                     return ChannelFileModel.model_validate(result)
                 else:
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/chat_messages.py b/backend/open_webui/models/chat_messages.py
index 048be9b270..8215cb69db 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/chat_messages.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/chat_messages.py
@@ -259,7 +259,6 @@ class ChatMessageTable:
                     existing.usage = existing_usage if usage == existing_usage else merge_usage(existing_usage, usage)
                 existing.updated_at = now
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(existing)
                 return ChatMessageModel.model_validate(existing)
             else:
                 # Insert new
@@ -288,7 +287,6 @@ class ChatMessageTable:
                 )
                 db.add(message)
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(message)
                 return ChatMessageModel.model_validate(message)
 
     async def get_message_by_id(self, id: str, db: Optional[AsyncSession] = None) -> Optional[ChatMessageModel]:
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/chats.py b/backend/open_webui/models/chats.py
index 08aed47b22..c75ae0e15b 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/chats.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/chats.py
@@ -404,7 +404,6 @@ class ChatTable:
             chat_item = Chat(**chat.model_dump())
             session.add(chat_item)
             await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(chat_item)
 
             # Dual-write initial messages to chat_message table
             try:
@@ -597,7 +596,6 @@ class ChatTable:
                 chat_item.title = clean_title
                 chat_item.chat = {**(chat_item.chat or {}), 'title': clean_title}
                 await session.commit()
-                await session.refresh(chat_item)
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat_item)
         except Exception:
             return None
@@ -615,7 +613,6 @@ class ChatTable:
             # Single meta update
             chat.meta = {**chat.meta, 'tags': new_tag_ids}
             await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(chat)
 
             # Batch-create any missing tag rows
             await Tags.ensure_tags_exist(new_tags, user.id, db=session)
@@ -947,7 +944,6 @@ class ChatTable:
             # Set share_id on the original chat
             chat.share_id = shared.id
             await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(chat)
             return ChatModel.model_validate(chat)  # return the updated original
 
     # refresh helper
@@ -994,7 +990,6 @@ class ChatTable:
                 chat = await session.get(Chat, id)
                 chat.share_id = share_id
                 await session.commit()
-                await session.refresh(chat)
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat)
         except Exception:
             return None
@@ -1007,7 +1002,6 @@ class ChatTable:
                 chat.updated_at = int(time.time())
                 chat.last_read_at = int(time.time())
                 await session.commit()
-                await session.refresh(chat)
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat)
         except Exception:
             return None
@@ -1021,7 +1015,6 @@ class ChatTable:
                 chat.updated_at = int(time.time())
                 chat.last_read_at = int(time.time())
                 await session.commit()
-                await session.refresh(chat)
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat)
         except Exception:
             return None
@@ -1327,7 +1320,6 @@ class ChatTable:
                     flag_modified(chat_item, 'chat')
                 if self._sanitize_chat_row(chat_item) or repaired_history:
                     await session.commit()
-                    await session.refresh(chat_item)
 
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat_item)
         except Exception:
@@ -1369,7 +1361,6 @@ class ChatTable:
                     flag_modified(chat, 'chat')
                 if self._sanitize_chat_row(chat) or repaired_history:
                     await session.commit()
-                    await session.refresh(chat)
 
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat)
         except Exception:
@@ -1851,7 +1842,6 @@ class ChatTable:
                 chat.last_read_at = int(time.time())
                 chat.pinned = False
                 await session.commit()
-                await session.refresh(chat)
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat)
         except Exception:
             return None
@@ -1931,7 +1921,6 @@ class ChatTable:
                         'tags': list(set(chat.meta.get('tags', []) + [tag_id])),
                     }
                 await session.commit()
-                await session.refresh(chat)
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat)
         except Exception:
             return None
@@ -2231,7 +2220,6 @@ class ChatTable:
                     return None
                 chat.tasks = tasks
                 await session.commit()
-                await session.refresh(chat)
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat)
         except Exception:
             return None
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/feedbacks.py b/backend/open_webui/models/feedbacks.py
index 0bf1a6a139..ca1fe39b38 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/feedbacks.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/feedbacks.py
@@ -165,7 +165,6 @@ class FeedbackTable:
                 result = Feedback(**feedback.model_dump())
                 db.add(result)
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(result)
                 if result:
                     return FeedbackModel.model_validate(result)
                 else:
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/files.py b/backend/open_webui/models/files.py
index 7f29fc5b7d..d1f61c7cc7 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/files.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/files.py
@@ -142,7 +142,6 @@ class FilesTable:
                 result = File(**file.model_dump())
                 db.add(result)
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(result)
                 if result:
                     return FileModel.model_validate(result)
                 else:
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/functions.py b/backend/open_webui/models/functions.py
index c9594705b9..3747d9e09a 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/functions.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/functions.py
@@ -129,7 +129,6 @@ class FunctionsTable:
                 result = Function(**function.model_dump())
                 db.add(result)
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(result)
                 if result:
                     return FunctionModel.model_validate(result)
                 else:
@@ -326,7 +325,6 @@ class FunctionsTable:
                 function.valves = encrypt_valves(valves)
                 function.updated_at = int(time.time())
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(function)
                 return FunctionModel.model_validate(function)
             except Exception:
                 return None
@@ -346,7 +344,6 @@ class FunctionsTable:
 
                     function.updated_at = int(time.time())
                     await db.commit()
-                    await db.refresh(function)
                     return FunctionModel.model_validate(function)
                 else:
                     return None
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/memories.py b/backend/open_webui/models/memories.py
index ad32330f9f..736726898e 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/memories.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/memories.py
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ class MemoriesTable:
             )
             db.add(record)
             await db.commit()
-            await db.refresh(record)
             return MemoryModel.model_validate(record) if record else None
 
     async def update_memory_by_id_and_user_id(
@@ -101,7 +100,6 @@ class MemoriesTable:
                 memory.updated_at = int(time.time())
 
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(memory)
                 return MemoryModel.model_validate(memory)
             except Exception:
                 return None
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/models.py b/backend/open_webui/models/models.py
index d50f722494..5f44d59405 100755
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/models.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/models.py
@@ -220,7 +220,6 @@ class ModelsTable:
                 )
                 db.add(result)
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(result)
                 await AccessGrants.set_access_grants('model', result.id, form_data.access_grants, db=db)
 
                 if result:
@@ -530,7 +529,6 @@ class ModelsTable:
                 model.is_active = not model.is_active
                 model.updated_at = int(time.time())
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(model)
 
                 return await self._to_model_model(model, db=db)
             except Exception:
@@ -562,7 +560,6 @@ class ModelsTable:
                     return None
                 model_obj.updated_at = int(time.time())
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(model_obj)
                 return await self._to_model_model(model_obj, db=db)
         except Exception as e:
             log.exception(f'Failed to update the model updated_at by id {id}: {e}')
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/oauth_sessions.py b/backend/open_webui/models/oauth_sessions.py
index 0619bd574a..325f0f5f51 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/oauth_sessions.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/oauth_sessions.py
@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ class OAuthSessionTable:
 
                 db.add(result)
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(result)
 
                 if result:
                     # Make a copy of the model data before closing session
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/prompt_history.py b/backend/open_webui/models/prompt_history.py
index bb27657032..947d33a133 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/prompt_history.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/prompt_history.py
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ class PromptHistoryTable:
             )
             db.add(history)
             await db.commit()
-            await db.refresh(history)
             return PromptHistoryModel.model_validate(history)
 
     async def get_history_by_prompt_id(
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/prompts.py b/backend/open_webui/models/prompts.py
index 23a5017acf..61ce0fc218 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/prompts.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/prompts.py
@@ -132,7 +132,6 @@ class PromptsTable:
                 )
                 session.add(record)
                 await session.commit()
-                await session.refresh(record)  # populate generated defaults
 
                 await AccessGrants.set_access_grants(
                     'prompt',
@@ -169,7 +168,6 @@ class PromptsTable:
                 if history_entry:
                     record.version_id = history_entry.id
                     await session.commit()
-                    await session.refresh(record)  # re-read version_id
 
                 return await self._to_prompt_model(record, db=session)
             except Exception as e:
@@ -637,7 +635,6 @@ class PromptsTable:
                     prompt.is_active = not prompt.is_active
                     prompt.updated_at = int(time.time())
                     await session.commit()
-                    await session.refresh(prompt)
                     return await self._to_prompt_model(prompt, db=session)
                 return None
         except Exception:
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/skills.py b/backend/open_webui/models/skills.py
index 522e1304c3..c3c007cdd9 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/skills.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/skills.py
@@ -137,7 +137,6 @@ class SkillsTable:
                 )
                 db.add(result)
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(result)
                 await AccessGrants.set_access_grants('skill', result.id, form_data.access_grants, db=db)
                 if result:
                     return await self._to_skill_model(result, db=db)
@@ -326,8 +325,8 @@ class SkillsTable:
                 if access_grants is not None:
                     await AccessGrants.set_access_grants('skill', id, access_grants, db=db)
 
-                skill = await db.get(Skill, id)
-                await db.refresh(skill)
+                # populate_existing: the Core update above bypasses any identity-map copy
+                skill = await db.get(Skill, id, populate_existing=True)
                 return await self._to_skill_model(skill, db=db)
         except Exception:
             return None
@@ -343,7 +342,6 @@ class SkillsTable:
                 skill.is_active = not skill.is_active
                 skill.updated_at = int(time.time())
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(skill)
 
                 return await self._to_skill_model(skill, db=db)
             except Exception:
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/tags.py b/backend/open_webui/models/tags.py
index 87f6bac7e3..319f0ec62d 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/tags.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/tags.py
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ class TagTable:
                 record = Tag(id=tag_id, user_id=user_id, name=name)
                 db.add(record)
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(record)
                 return TagModel.model_validate(record) if record else None
             except Exception as e:
                 log.exception('Error inserting tag %r: %s', name, e)
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/tools.py b/backend/open_webui/models/tools.py
index 2873b7c9ac..d4bcf1f631 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/tools.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/tools.py
@@ -132,7 +132,6 @@ class ToolsTable:
                 )
                 db.add(result)
                 await db.commit()
-                await db.refresh(result)
                 await AccessGrants.set_access_grants('tool', result.id, form_data.access_grants, db=db)
                 if result:
                     return await self._to_tool_model(result, db=db)
@@ -305,8 +304,8 @@ class ToolsTable:
                 if access_grants is not None:
                     await AccessGrants.set_access_grants('tool', id, access_grants, db=db)
 
-                tool = await db.get(Tool, id)
-                await db.refresh(tool)
+                # populate_existing: the Core update above bypasses any identity-map copy
+                tool = await db.get(Tool, id, populate_existing=True)
                 return await self._to_tool_model(tool, db=db)
         except Exception:
             return None
diff --git a/backend/open_webui/models/users.py b/backend/open_webui/models/users.py
index bbd2e589e5..2f17d3b229 100644
--- a/backend/open_webui/models/users.py
+++ b/backend/open_webui/models/users.py
@@ -302,7 +302,6 @@ class UsersTable:
             result = User(**user.model_dump())
             session.add(result)
             await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(result)
             return user if result else None
 
     # database read methods
@@ -582,7 +581,6 @@ class UsersTable:
                 return None
             user.role = role
             await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(user)
             return UserModel.model_validate(user)
 
     async def update_user_status_by_id(
@@ -595,7 +593,6 @@ class UsersTable:
             for key, value in form_data.model_dump(exclude_none=True).items():
                 setattr(user, key, value)
             await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(user)
             return UserModel.model_validate(user)
 
     async def update_user_profile_image_url_by_id(
@@ -615,7 +612,6 @@ class UsersTable:
                 return None
             user.profile_image_url = profile_image_url
             await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(user)
             return UserModel.model_validate(user)
 
     @throttle(DATABASE_USER_ACTIVE_STATUS_UPDATE_INTERVAL)
@@ -636,7 +632,6 @@ class UsersTable:
             oauth[provider] = {'sub': sub}
             user.oauth = oauth
             await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(user)
             return UserModel.model_validate(user)
 
     async def update_user_scim_by_id(
@@ -655,7 +650,6 @@ class UsersTable:
             scim[provider] = {'external_id': external_id}
             user.scim = scim
             await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(user)
             return UserModel.model_validate(user)
 
     async def update_user_by_id(self, id: str, updated: dict, db: AsyncSession | None = None) -> UserModel | None:
@@ -666,7 +660,6 @@ class UsersTable:
             for key, value in updated.items():
                 setattr(user, key, value)
             await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(user)
             return UserModel.model_validate(user)
 
     # settings update helper
@@ -681,7 +674,6 @@ class UsersTable:
             user_settings.update(updated)
             user.settings = user_settings
             await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(user)
             return UserModel.model_validate(user)
 
     async def delete_user_by_id(self, id: str, db: AsyncSession | None = None) -> bool: